Izwe lethu liyashintsha, isayensi nobuchwepheshe abemi namanje, kanti nanamuhla umbuzo wokuthi ungakhetha kanjani ukukhathazeka kwekhamera hhayi kuphela abathwebuli bezithombe, kodwa nabazali abancane, abafundi, izivakashi ngisho nabantwana besikole. Yiziphi amakhamera, ukuthi zihluke kanjani, nokuthi yini okufanele ukhethe ngezinhloso ezithile - kubalulekile ukwazi.
Izinhlobo zamakhamera
Izinhlobonhlobo zamakhamera zanamuhla zizodidanisa noma ubani, ikakhulukazi oqalayo, futhi phakathi kokuningi okunjalo kunzima kakhulu ukukhetha okudingekayo. Ukuze wenze kube lula kuwe ukuthola ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani ikhamera ngendlela ehlukahlukene, sizobuka ngokuningiliziwe ezinhlokweni eziyinhloko zamakhamera nokuhlukana kwazo.
Isitsha se-soap kamera
Izitsha zensipho zibizwa ngokuthi amakhamera alula asetshenziselwa impilo yansuku zonke. Ibhokisi elihle le-saphon ingaba ikhamera yomndeni futhi ibambe izikhathi eziqhakazile zokuphila, ingaba umngane wokuhamba, ikuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze okubonakalayo kumafomu, futhi isasetshenziselwa izinhloso zomsebenzi, lapho izinga eliphezulu lokuzithombe lingenandaba.
Izici eziyinhloko zesitsha sesephu yekhamera:
- lens yokumisa;
- i-flash-eyakhelwe ngaphakathi;
- Ukuzwela kwe-matrix kufika ku-1000 ISO;
- Ukusondeza okubonakalayo kuze kube ukuphakama kwe-5x;
- izindlela ezimbalwa ezizenzekelayo zokuzenzekelayo, indlela eyodwa noma ezimbili yezilungiselelo zamandla kungenzeka;
- okusindisa izithombe kufomethi ye-JPEG;
- ukurekhoda kwevidiyo;
- isisindo esincane.
Uma sinquma ukuthi iyiphi ikhamera engcono kakhulu, kufanelekile ukunaka amafemu anjalo aveza uchungechunge lwe-soap dish, njenge:
- I-Canon Power Shot;
- Nikon Coolpix;
- I-Sony Syber Shot;
- Samsung.
Ama-cameras ultrazoom
Abaningi baphutha ngephutha ukuthi i-ultrasomes kuya kuma-SLR amakhamera esigaba sokuqala, kodwa lokhu akukude neze. Ukucela ukuthi ukhethe kanjani ikhamera yedijithali, labo abathwebula izithombe kude kakhulu bayeke ema-ultrasounds. Isici esiyinhloko esivela kulezi zinkhamera kuyisisindo esikhulu se-optical, esivela ku-12 ngezikhathi ezinhlobonhlobo ezindala ezindala kuya ku-60 ngezikhathi zanamuhla.
Ngaphezu kwesici esiyinhloko, ukusondeza kwe-optical, izinzuzo ezilandelayo zingabhekiswa ezinzuzo ezibalulekile ze-ultramums:
- design ergonomic futhi ekhululekile;
- Ukuzwela okukhulu kwe-matrix (amanye amamodeli akwazi ukudubula ubumnyama obuphelele ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-flash);
- ikhwalithi nobukhulu bezithombe ziphakeme kakhulu kunebhokisi lesipho;
- amanye amakhamera akwazi ukudubula kwifomethi ye-RAW, evula amathuba amasha wokuhlela isithombe.
Enye yezingqinamba ezibalulekile ze-ultrasound ingumthamo omkhulu wekhamera, ongabangela ukuphazamiseka, kanti namanje ilensi yokumisa, elincane kakhulu emakhono. Ama-cameras ultrazuma amnandi ngokudubula izilwane zasendle, ubuchwepheshe, ukuhamba kwezindiza kusuka kude.
Ama-Digital SLR Amakhamera
Uma ngaphambi kokuba ikhamera ye-SLR ibe yinto yokunethezeka, futhi kuphela abachwepheshe begalari yezithombe ababenabo, namhlanje banabaningi kakhulu - nabahambi, nabazali abasebasha, nabathandi nje bokuphumula. "I-SLR" yanamuhla inezinhlobonhlobo zamanothi kunoma yisiphi isicelo kanye nekhredithi. Isici esiyinhloko esivela kule nqubo yisistimu yezibuko, ngenxa yokuthi sibona isithombe kumtshina wevidiyo. I-Mirror amakhamera iyajabula ngekhwalithi yezithombe, ubukhali, ukugcwala kwembala. Futhi zilula kakhulu ukusebenzisa futhi zibe nokuningi kwezilungiselelo.
Indlela yokukhetha ikhamera ye-SLR akuyona umbuzo olula, ngoba lezi amakhamera zihlukaniswe zaba amakilasi ahlukene, kusukela kumamateur kuya kochwepheshe, konke kuxhomeke enjongweni ezosetshenziswa ngayo. Ikhamera enhle yesibuko ikhiqizwa i-Canon, i-Nikon, i-Sony, i-Pentax.
Amakhamera angenalutho
Lawa ngamakhamera wesizukulwane esisha, okwazi ukuwina abalandeli bobabili phakathi kwabantu abathandayo futhi phakathi kwabachwepheshe. Ngekhwalithi yezithombe, azikho ngaphansi kwezingcingo ze-SLR ezichazwe ngenhla futhi zinenzuzo eyodwa ebalulekile - abanaso isibuko esikhulu, isithombe esitholayo sithola ifomu ledijithali, ngenxa yokuthi isisindo nobukhulu bekhamera aphansi kakhulu. Ikhamera enjalo kulula ukuthatha nawe kanye nohambo, nokuhamba. Amakhamera angenakubukwa kwesipiliyoni yi-Canon, i-Nikon, i-Sony, i- Fujifilm.
Ikhamera yefilimu
Uma ucabanga ngombuzo wokuthi ungakhetha kanjani ikhamera, iningi alibheki ngisho nalokho okukhethwa kukho njengekhamera yefilimu, ucabange ngekhulu lokugcina. Kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso - le filimu nayo idinga kakhulu phakathi kwababonisi bemishini enhle yezithombe. Izithombe ezithathwe ikhamera enjalo zihlukile, azikwazi ukuphinda ziphindwe. Ama-movie amakhamera anamuhla ayimbala ehlukile kakhulu yombala, ngokuvamile elula kunekhamera zedijithali, nge-shades ekhethekile.
Umuntu akakwazi ukulahlekelwa yizinkinga ezibalulekile zekhamera zefilimu: ukuthengwa kwefilimu, ukungakwazi ukushintsha ifreyimu, nokudala izimo ezikhethekile zokuthuthukiswa kwefilimu nokunyatheliswa kwezithombe, nakuba esikhathini sethu esikhwameni sezithombe ezikhethekile zenziwa kulokhu. Ukufingqa, umuntu angasho ukuthi amakhamera anjalo angomuntu oyedwa - kumuntu, izici zakhe zibalulekile, futhi kumuntu ukuthi kukhona ukushiyeka okuphawulekayo.
Ikhamera ngokuphrinta kwesithombe esheshayo
Ikhamera enjalo i-godsend yangempela yabathwebuli bezitaladi kanye nabathandi bezithombe ephepheni. Iyiphi ikhamera yesithombe esheshayo, futhi isebenza kanjani? Ikhamera ifaka i-cartridge ekhethekile (ikhasethi), equkethe amashidi angu-8-10 wephepha lesithombe. Leli phepha liqukethe izingqikithi eziningana - ezithinta izithombe, ezikhulayo nokuzivikela. Ngenxa yobuso obukhethekile bephepha, ukukhanya akuwa phezu kwe-matrix, njengamakhamera achaziwe ngenhla, kodwa ngokushesha kuwo, futhi phakathi nemizuzwana embalwa sithola isithombe esilungisiwe.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukwehluleka okuphawulekayo kwamakhamera okunyathelisa okusheshayo. Okokuqala, kuyindleko ephezulu yokusetshenziswa. I-cassette yenzelwe izithombe ezingu-8-10, kuye ngokuthi imodeli, ngakho-ke udinga ukuzithenga njalo. Uma ungenayo ikhamera entsha, ikhasethi ingaba nzima kakhulu ukuthola. Enye indlela yokubaluleka okubalulekile yikhwalithi yezithombe, ngisho namakhamera okusheshayo okunyathelisa okusheshayo ukuze ikhwalithi yezithombe ingafaniswa nebhokisi lesipho.
Ama-photo printers okuqala okusheshayo akhiqizwa yi-Polaroid, okwamanje ikhiqiza amakhamera wanamuhla ngokugxila ekuthembekeni nasekugcineni. Kwabaningi, leli gama elithi Polaroid lifana nekhamera yokunyathelisa okusheshayo. Enye inqubo enjalo yaqala ukukhiqiza uFijifilm oqinile, ophansi ngaphansi kwekhwalithi nokuthembeka, kodwa ukufumbathisa izinhlobonhlobo zanamuhla.
Ungakhetha kanjani ikhamera enhle?
Ungakhetha kanjani ikhamera futhi uhlale ujabule ngokuthenga kwakho? Okokuqala, kufanele sinqume ukuthi ikhamera izosetshenziswa kanjani - kaningi kangakanani, ngaphansi kweziphi izimo. Khumbula ukuthi akusikhathi ngaso sonke isikhathi kululeka ukuthenga okubiza kakhulu - kungabi ngumthwebuli wezithombe, awukwazi ukuqonda izinzuzo ze-mega-speed SLR amakhamera. Isigaba esibaluleke kunazo zonke ngaphambi kokukhetha ikhamera efanele ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi imishini yezithombe ozidingayo.
Ungakhetha kanjani ikhamera yomndeni?
Ukuze uthathe izikhathi eziqhakazile zokuphila komndeni, kunokudla okwanele kwensipho yesimanje - akudingi amakhono akhethekile nolwazi lwamagama. Udinga nje ukukhetha imodi oyifunayo ("I-Portrait", "Landscape", njll), futhi ikhamera ngokwayo iyozivumelanisa nezimo. Kodwa izithombe ezingcono kakhulu zekhwalithi akufanele zilindeleke kusuka kumabhokisi amasha-ikhamera alula, futhi angeke akumangaze ngezithombe ezikhethekile.
Uma unesithakazelo siphi uhlobo lwekhamera ongayithengela ukuze umndeni uthole izithombe ezikhanyayo nezingenakulibaleka, impendulo ayinakuqhathaniswa - kufanele ibe isibuko noma ikhamera engabonisi engilazi. Ukuze usebenzise le nqubo, akudingeki ukuba ube uchwepheshe noma owaziwa ngokujulile ekuthwebula izithombe, izindlela ezifanayo ezizenzakalelayo zinganelisa, kodwa intengo yamakhamera anjalo aphezulu kakhulu.
Ungayikhetha kanjani ikhamera enhle kumamateur?
Awukwazi ukuzibiza ngokuthi umthwebuli wezithombe, futhi awuqiniseki nakanjani ukuthi uzokwenza lokhu, kodwa ubuciko bokubheka izithombe bukuheha? Kulokhu, uzibuza ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani ikhamera, kufanele unake amakhamera we-SLR amateur. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwamakhamera isigaba samamateur, futhi yiziphi izinhlobo ezifanele zinikezwe okuthandayo.
- I-Nikon D5300 Kit. Izinzuzo zekhamera - i-autofocus esheshayo ne-matrix ngenani eliphansi lomsindo; amaminithi - adinga ukuhlanzwa njalo kusuka othulini, i-autofocus ayisebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi kahle, kwimodi yokurekhoda yevidiyo, umsindo omkhulu.
- I-Canon EOS 100D Kit. Izinzuzo - usayizi omncane nesisindo, kalula ukuqonda, ukuzwela okukhulu kwe-matrix. Ukungalungi kuhamba nge-autofocus kancane futhi kunomsindo omkhulu.
- I-Nikon D3300 Kit. Inzuzo enkulu ikhamera yi-prostate ekufundeni, ikhwalithi enhle yemishini kanye nebhethri enamandla. Ukungahleleki - ambalwa amamodi wokudubula okuzenzakalelayo.
- I-Canon EOS 1300D Kit. Izinzuzo - izilungiselelo ezilula, i-matrix enhle yesimanje kanye nenani elingabizi, ukwehluleka kungabizwa inombolo encane yamaphoyinti okugxila nokubukeka okungalungile kwimodi yevidiyo.
Ungakhetha kanjani ikhamera kubathwebuli bezithombe zokuqala?
Uma ungumuntu omusha esimisweni sesithombe, akufanele uqale ngobuchwepheshe obuphezulu-cishe, ngeke ukwazi ukusebenzisa zonke izinsiza. Kulesi simo, kufanele uqaphele ikhamera ye-SLR yabaqalayo, futhi ngaphambi kokukhetha, hlola ukulinganisa kwamakhamera asemsebenzini:
- Canon EOS 6D. Lona kuphela ikhamera yefrimu egcwele, engeyona yeklasi yezinzuzo. Ikhamera ehambelana kakhulu ne-matrix egcwele-frame. Izinzuzo - ukugxila okugxile, ukunikeza umbala wekhwalithi eliphezulu, umsindo ophansi kakhulu.
- I-Nikon D610. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko yi-metering eqondile, ibhethri enekhono, i-matrix yesimanje nevidiyo yokurekhoda kwifomethi ephelele.
- I-Sony Alpha ILCA-77M2. Iprosesa yesimanje, i-autofocus esheshayo, ukukhiqizwa kombala okunembile nomsindo ophansi - incazelo emfushane yekhamera.
Ungakhetha kanjani ikhamera yobuchwepheshe?
Ikhamera yocwaningi yindlela ephezulu yokugcina ngobukhulu obukhulu nobukhulu besisindo somswakama, iprosesa enamandla enamuhla, isivinini. Ngokuvamile, lezi amakhamera zinkulu futhi zinesisindo esiningi, ngakho-ke njengekhamera yomndeni kanye nomndeni, cishe akunakwenzeka, kepha ochwepheshe bazobazisa. Amakhamera wezinsuku zanamuhla sizokwethula ukulinganisa, okuzokusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi yikuphi okungcono kuwe.
- I-Canon EOS 5D Mark IV;
- I-Canon EOS 5DSR;
- I-Pentax K-1;
- Canon EOS 5D Mark III.
Iyiphi ikhamera okufanele ukhethe ukuhamba?
Ikhamera yomhambi kufanele ibe nezimfanelo ezibalulekile njenge:
- ukukhanya nokuhambisana;
- izithombe eziphezulu;
- ibhethri elihle - hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho kungenzeka khona ukushaja.
Uma ungakwazi kalula ukuphuma kuleso simo ngebhethri ekhishwe ngejaja elizimele noma ngebheyili, amabhethri alayishiwe, khona-ke umbuzo wokuthi ungakhetha kanjani ikhamera yekhamera yedijithali inzima kakhulu. Akufanele kube ibhokisi lesipho - ngeke lidlulise ubuhle bemvelo noma amadolobha ezithombeni. Kufanele ukhethe ukukhetha kwakho kuma-mirrorless amakhamera noma izibuko "zokukhanya" zesigaba samamateur.
Amakhamera angcono kakhulu angenasipiliyoni afaneleka ukuhamba:
- I-Nikon 1 J5;
- I-Sony A6000;
- I-Sony A7 II;
- I-Fujifilm X-M1;
- I-Panasonic G7;
- I-Olympus OM-D E-M10.