Akubona bonke abalimi, abaqalayo ikakhulukazi, abakwazi ukutshala sitrobheli, banakekele. Kusukela ekugcinweni kwezinyathelo ze-agrotechnical, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha, izinto eziphakeme ezingenakulinganiswa, ukugcinwa okunekhono nangokujwayelekile, inani lokuvuna ngokuqondile lixhomeke. Ukutshala ama-strawberries akuyona into elula, kudinga amandla, ukubekezela nesikhathi.
Indlela yokutshala sitrobheli?
Ngaphambi kokutshala ama-strawberries, khetha indawo efanele ngokuhlela imibhede yekhwalithi, ubahlele esitokisini kufinyeleleke ekukhanyeni kwelanga, kahle, indawo enhle kuyoba yintaba yaseningizimu. Ezindaweni eziphansi noma emanzini isitshalo sikhula kabi, asikho isidingo sokulindela isivuno esikhulu. Ngaphambi kokutshala ama-strawberry, kufanele ulandele imithetho elandelayo:
- kwisayithi ekhethiwe kufanele kube khona amanzi angaphansi komhlaba;
- Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, cwelisa umhlabathi amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala ngesisombululo sethusi sulfate kanye ne-lime eshisayo ku-50-70 ° C (50 g / 500 g / 10 l);
- ukuhlela imibhede, yenza umquba , ikakhulukazi kuyadingeka ngezinhlobo ze-strawberries. Ingxenye engenhla yenhlabathi, hhayi ngaphansi kuka-10 cm, kufanele ibe nokubunjwa, ngaphezu kwe-turf ground, izingxenye ezilinganayo: i-peat, isihlabathi esimhlophe nama-humus;
- Ngaphambi kokutshala izimpande zezithombo, gcoba ebhokisini lezingxoxo, elungiselelwe kusukela ekungeneni kwebumba kanye ne- mullein .
Indlela ukutshala izithombo of strawberry?
Ukutshala ama-strawberries kwenziwa, kokubili ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, kubalulekile ukuthi indaba yokutshala oyikhethile inesimiso esihle sempande. Khetha izithombo ezinezimpande lapho kune-primer, uma kungenjalo bayothatha izimpande isikhathi eside. Lungisa isayithi, faka umanyolo. Ngaphambi kokutshala ama-strawberry, sizini izithombo, ugcine endaweni epholile. Yenza izimbobo ekude ngamaphesenti ama-25-30 cm, ukuze izimpande zitholakale ngokuzenzakalelayo, engeza ama-humus nezinkuni emithonjeni, uthele ngamanzi. Ukumboza umgodi ngomhlaba, ukuwuvala uphawu kancane.
Indlela yokutshala ama-strawberry nge imbewu?
Ukwazi ukutshala ama-strawberry nge imbewu, ukuze ube nezithombo zakho, ulungiselele ukuthi lesi sitshalo sidinga ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa. Ukuze uthole izithombo ezinempilo, ezinamandla nezingenayo, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi:
- isikhathi esifanele sokuhlwanyela. Imbewu iqala ukutshala eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kaFebruwari noma ekuqaleni kukaMashi;
- inhlabathi ehlanganisiwe. Umhlaba udinga inhlabathi elula (efana nemibhede), ngokufaka i-perlite noma i-vermiculite (i-powder-baking powder);
- stratification. "Ukucindezela" ekushiseni kuka + 2 + 4 ° C. Zigcine zihlale zimanzi, zivuse zonke izinsuku ezingu-10-14, kusihlwa sokuhlwanyela kancane kancane;
- ukwelashwa kwe-biostimulation. Imbewu ehlwanyelwe kuyo imizuzu engama-30-40 ngaphambi kokutshala, ikhule ngokushesha;
- ukuhluma kokuqala kwembewu. Le nqubo izosiza ukulawula ukuhluma nokulahla izitshalo ezibuthakathaka, eziphuthumayo;
- ukukhanya okwanele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa isibani sokulondoloza amandla esitholakala kude no-20-25 cm ngaphezu kombhede lapho imbewu etshalwe khona;
- ukuchelela njalo. Inhlabathi akumele iphele, i-strawberry idinga umswakama.
Inqubo yokuhluma ingahlala emavikini amabili kuya enyangeni nengxenye, konke kuxhomeke ezihlukahlukene. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela, qinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa kwamagciwane aliphansi kunama-23-25 ° C, usuku olukhanyayo olungaphansi kwamahora angu-12-15 nokupomfa okuvamile kusuka kumfutho. Ukuze ugweme ukunciphisa, khulisa ingilazi yesikhumba nsuku zonke futhi uvuselele amahlumela. Ngokuhlwanyela imbewu entwasahlobo ngqo emhlabathini, ekwindla ungathatha izitshalo kwisayithi elikhethiwe kulokhu.
Indlela yokutshala amadevu we-strawberry?
Ukucabanga ngendlela yokutshala kahle nokutshala amadevu we-strawberry, abalimi, abaqalayo ngokukhethekile, kufanele bazi ukuthi isihlahla sivuna noma ukuvuna ama-mustache enempilo. Ukuze uthole izambatho zekhwalithi, khetha isitshalo somama, ususe wonke amafihlethi kuwo, ususe izimbali kanye nokubonakala kwezithelo. Ekuqaleni kwehlobo isihlahla sizokhipha amadevu, shiya onamandla kakhulu, konke okunye. Uma izimpande zivela, zibake emhlabathini, noma prikopayte embizeni ehlukile, ebekwe eceleni kwehlathi. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi, thatha amadevu asuselwe ehlathini lomama bese uyitshala emhlabathini.
Utshala ngakiphi ibanga ama-strawberries?
Uma unquma ukuhlakulela ama-strawberries kusayithi lakho, kufanele uqale ngokutshala okulungile kwalesi siko seberry engadini. Ukunquma ibanga lokutshala sitrobheli, khetha enye yezindlela zokutshala:
- ezihlahla ezikhulayo ezihlukene. Le ndlela inzima, ibanga eliphakathi kwe-rosettes lisuka ku-40 kuya ku-60 cm;
- ukufika ngokulandelana. Le ndlela inikeza umphumela omuhle kakhulu, izitshalo zikhula kahle futhi zithele izithelo, ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa lingama-40-60 cm, phakathi kwamahlathi 20-25 cm;
- n sediment ezitsheni. Esinye isitshalo esiphakathi, ezinhlanu noma eziyisithupha nxazonke, ngebanga lika-5-7 cm. Izidleke zihlukaniswe ngama-25-35 cm, no-30-40 cm phakathi kwemigqa;
- i-carpet ifika. Inketho elula, indlela ekhudlwana yokukhuphuka kwamahlathi, ayivumeli ukuthuthukiswa kokhula, inhlabathi izolondoloza umswakama kalula, hhayi amamasondo asetshisayo avumela isitshalo ukuthi sisakaze esizeni.
Kuhlobo luni lomhlabathi ukutshala ama-strawberry?
Kukhona ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kokutshala ama-strawberries ngendlela efanele, yikuphi ukubunjwa komhlabathi okulungile kakhulu kulowo nalowo mvuno ophezulu walesi sitshalo. I-fecundity engcono kakhulu igcinwa nge-chernozem, enamathele ngomlotha nasemhlabathini we-gray grey emnyama, ukukhanya okubunjwa, i-grey ekhanyayo, inhlabathi ye-turf ayamukeleki kangako ama-strawberries. Ngaphambi kokutshala ama-sitrobheli ezihlahleni, qiniseka ukuthi azikho izinambuzane, futhi uma zitholakala, ziwabhubhise. Ebusika, zama ukuhlinzeka ngezinyathelo zokugcina iqhwa endaweni ekhethiwe, entwasahlobo ukumba umhlaba futhi usebenzise umanyolo.
Ngemuva kweliphi isiko otshala ama-strawberry?
Indawo yokufika kwe-sitrobheli kufanele ishintshwe ngezikhathi ezithile (kufanele yenziwe njalo eminyakeni engu-3-5), ukuze umsebenzi ophezulu wezinhlamvu ze-spores, ezithwala isikhunta se-pathogenic, ne-ectoparasites, angahlali. Izinhlobo kufanele futhi zishintshwe, ngoba izidumbu zinezinto zokuzivumelanisa nezilwane ezithile, futhi izitshalo azikwazi ukulwa nazo. Uma wenza ukufakelwa kwezitshalo ze-strawberries esakhiweni esisha, kufanele ucabange: emva kwalokho yiziphi izitshalo ongatshala ama-strawberries, futhi emva kwalokho awunconywa.
Ochwepheshe batusa ukwabelana ngamasayithi ama-strawberries, ngemva kokukhula:
- anyanisi, i-garlic;
- iparsley, i-dill, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi;
- ummbila, ubhontshisi;
- ama-beet, izaqathe, ama-radishes, ulethisi.
Uma emva kokuvuna kwezitshalo ezibalwe ekwindla ukuqala ukutshala ama-strawberry, ngakho-ke ukuvunwa okuhle, kulindeleke ukuthi kuhlobo olulandelayo. Kodwa-ke, kukhona uhlu lwezitshalo, emva kwalokho akukhuthazwa ukutshala ama-strawberries, kanye nalabo abaseduze nabo:
- amazambane, utamatisi. Kusukela kubo, ama-strawberries angenwa igciwane elibi kakhulu, i-wireworm, nezimpungushe ze-Colorado beetle nazo ziyokulimaza. Utamatisi enza inhlabathi ayakhula kuyo - ayimuncu, ayamukeleki ku-strawberries;
- ukhukhamba, zucchini, pepper, isitshalo seqanda, sunflower, iJerusalema i-artichoke. Lezi zitshalo ngokushesha zichithe umhlabathi, i-strawberry emva kwabo ikhula kabi futhi ikhula.
Ngingayitshala nini i-strawberry?
Uma ukhetha isikhathi sonyaka lapho udinga ukutshala ama-strawberries, qaphela isimo sawo ebangeni kanye nesimo sezulu sezwe, isikhathi esihle kakhulu lapho ama-strawberries etshalwe khona:
- iminyaka eyishumi edlule ka-Ephreli - eyishumi yokuqala kaMeyi;
- iminyaka eyishumi edlule kaJulayi - eyishumi yokuqala kaSepthemba.
Uma unquma ukutshala ama-strawberries ebusika, isikhathi esihle sokutshala lesi siko se-berry ngu-Agasti. Kulezo zindawo lapho kutholakala khona iqhwa elincane, ubusika bunzima, kungcono ukudlulisa inqubo yokuphuma entwasahlobo. Amahlumela amancane ayokwazi ukukhula ezinyangeni zasehlobo, akhule kahle futhi ngonyaka ozayo anike isivuno esihle kakhulu. Ukutshala kwe-Spring kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunengqondo ngaphezulu.
Indlela yokutshala ama-strawberry entwasahlobo?
Ngaphambi kokutshala sitrobheli entwasahlobo, gcwalisa imibhede ngaphansi kwayo kusukela ekuwa, susa ama-clods of earth, ulahle ukhula. Lungisa izithombo ngokuthi "uzikhubekise" futhi uphathe ngokugqugquzela . Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini, ubukele ukujula kokuhlwanyela kokutshala, iphuzu lokukhula (inhliziyo) kufanele lenziwe ngqo ngaphezu komhlaba. Ngemva kokubeka isihlahla emgodini, ufafaze, kancane kancane ungeze amanzi. Ukufika entwasahlobo emhlabathini ovulekile kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokushisa kwebusuku engaphansi kuka-6-8 ° C.
Lapho ukutshala sitrobheli ekwindla?
Ekwindla, abaningi bacabangela isikhathi sonyaka uma kungcono ukutshala ama-strawberry, ngoba ekuqaleni kwehlobo, izihlahla zizoveza isivuno esihle. Indlela yokutshala ama-strawberries ekwindla, ngasiphi isikhathi kuxhomeke ekujikelezeni kwezinhlobo ezithile kanye nezimo zezulu zendawo. Ukutshala kwe-autumn kwama-strawberries, kuye ngokuthi isikhathi sokuvuthwa, kuhlukaniswe ngezikhathi ezintathu, okuyiwona okuqala okubhekwa njengokukhetha:
- ekwindla zakuqala, kusukela ngo-Agasti 15 kuya kuSepthemba 15;
- maphakathi no-ekwindla, kusukela maphakathi no-Septhemba kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba;
- Ukwindla kwasekupheleni, izithombo zitshalwe izinsuku ezingu-20-30 ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa sokuqala.
Yini engatshalalwa nge-strawberries?
Ezinye izitshalo zensimu azitholi ngokuhlangene. Kuhlu lwezinto ezingenakutshala eduze kwe-strawberries, iklabishi kanye ne-horseradish bangangena. Ama-strawberries ngokukhetha omakhelwane awawona angenangqondo kakhulu, bangabangani abaningi, isibonelo, ungahola:
- irises, rhododendrons, clematis, marigolds, calendula, jasmine. Okulandelayo kulezi zimbali kanye nezihlahla zezitshalo ezithinta izihlahla akusizi kakhulu izifo, isivuno esikhulu;
- i-spruce, i-phayini, okusajingijolo, i-sea-sihlahla-sihlahla, isithelo sevini. Ukhuthaza ukulondolozwa kwesitshalo.
- imifino nemifino (ukhukhamba, beet, izaqathe, anyanisi, u-garlic, uphizi, ubhontshisi). Ncoma inhlabathi nge-nitrogen.
Indlela yokutshala ama-strawberries ngaphansi kokumboza izinto?
Abalimi abaningi, befunda indlela yokutshala ama-strawberries entwasahlobo ngaphansi kwe-agrobiol emnyama, basebenzisa le ndlela, beyiqaphela ukuthi kuyasebenza futhi kulula. I-Strawberry, ekhulile ngaphansi kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ayihlushwa ukhula namaslula, kulula ukuzinakekela nokuthatha izitshalo ngemuva kwemibhede. Umhlabathi ulungiselelwe kusengaphambili, ukhululiwe, ukhule. Ukutshala izithombo ngaphansi kwe-agrovolokno, sinemigqa yayo, esihlahleni ngasinye senza ubukhulu bomgodi we-6x6 cm, 25 cm kusuka komunye nomunye, ama-corners akha emaphethelweni angaphakathi. Ngemuva kokuduka, isihlahla ngasinye siyanisela.