Indlela yokutshala utamatisi ku-abamba ukushisa - amathiphu asebenzayo kubalimi

Uma ufuna ukuvuna imifino entwasahlobo noma ngisho nonyaka wonke, ulwazi lendlela yokukhulisa utamatisi ebamba lokushisa kubalulekile futhi kuyimpoqo. Kunezinhlobo zezici okumelwe zicatshangelwe ukuze zithole isivuno samatamatisi asiphundu, amakhulu futhi anomsindo.

Utamatisi - izinhlobo ze-greenhouse

Imakethe inikeza izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo ze-utamatisi futhi okuhle kakhulu ekukhuleni ku-greenhouse yizinhlobo ezilandelayo:

1. I-Mandarin. Izihlahla eziphakemeyo zinenkathi yemifino ezinsukwini ezingu-90-100. Esikhathini shayela singenza izithelo ezifika ku-10 zombala o-orange ocebile, olinganiselwa ku-75-110 g. Azidingeki ekunakekeleni futhi abe nokudla okuhle kakhulu.
2. "Ibhulashi igolide." Ubude behlathi bufinyelela cishe ngo-1.5 m. Izithelo enye yezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle zamatamatisi ku-greenhouse, kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-96-98. Imifino Umbala wegolide ophuzi awunkulu futhi ufinyelele ku-25-30 g, kodwa ukunambitheka akungafinyeleleki.
3. "Ipulaki lokusajingijolo ushukela". Ukusebenzisa lezi ezihlukahlukene, isivuno singatholakala ezinsukwini ezingu-85-97. Isihlahla singakhula sibe ngu-105-140 cm. Izithelo zidwetshwe ngokubomvu nge-red hue. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi emva kokutshala utamatisi olunjalo zigcinwa isikhathi eside futhi zihanjiswa kahle.
4. "Iqembu elimnandi." Izinhlobo ezide kunazo zonke, ngakho-ke izihlahla zifinyelela ukuphakama kufika ku-3 m. Kumelwe ziboshwe bese zakha iziqu ezimbili. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kusiza ukuthola isivuno esiningi. Ebhayisikili ngayinye ingaba izithelo ezinhle ezifika ku-20-50.

Indlela yokutshala utamatisi ku-abamba ukushisa?

Njengoba ufisa ukuthola isivuno esicebile, kubalulekile ukucabangela inombolo yezincomo zokukhula:

1. Kungcono kunabanye, izithombo zokugcina izithombo, ezenziwe ngilazi noma i-polycarbonate, ziye zanconywa ukuba zikhule imifino.
2. Cabanga ukuthi ebusika, ukuthola utamatisi ku-abamba ukushisa, ukulima nokunakekelwa kufaka hlangana inhlangano yokushisa, ukuhlanjululwa nokufudumala kwenhlabathi.
3. Kubalulekile ukhethe ezihlukahlukene, ulungise inhlabathi futhi ufake konke ngesikhathi esihle.
4. Uma unesithakazelo sokuthi ukhule kanjani utamatisi oluhlwabusayo endaweni yokushisa, cabanga ukuthi awukwazi ukutshala eceleni kwamakhukhamba namazambane.

Ungatshala nini utamatisi endaweni yokushisa?

Kubalulekile ukufakelwa izithombo zibe ikamelo elilungisiwe uma selikulungele. Lokhu kuzoboniswa yizibonakaliso ezinjalo:

• ukuphakama kwesitshalo kumele kube yi-25-35 cm;
• ukutholakala koHlobo lokuqala;
• umbala wamahlumela namahlamvu - oluhlaza okomnyama;
• ububanzi be-stem kufanele okungenani kube ngu-1 cm entanyeni yentambo;
• Kumele kube okungenani amaqabunga ayisikhombisa athuthukile;
• Uhlelo lwempande kufanele lumboze kahle i-substrate futhi libe nezimpande ezimhlophe.

Ukuqonda isihloko - uma kungcono ukutshala utamatisi ebamba lokushisa, kufanelekile ukukhomba ukuthi uma isithombo sesivele sikhulu, kuzodingeka usike phezulu, ususe amaqabunga aphansi bese uwafaka emanzini. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, izimpande zenziwa endaweni yazo. Ngaphambi kokutshala, susa amaqabunga e-cotyledon. Ukuze ukhule izihlahla ezinempilo, amabhokisi anezimbewu kufanele aqale abekwe ku-abamba ukushisa ukuze afinyelelwe isikhathi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Ngusiphi izinga lokushisa okufanele utamatisi litshalwe endaweni yokushisa?

Kunconywa ukuthi ukufakelwa kuqhutshwe lapho ilanga likwazi ukufudumala usuku lokubamba ukushisa ukuze kusihlwa ubusika abuye phansi ngaphansi kwe-8 ° C. Uma ucabangela umbuzo wokuthi ungatshala kanjani utamatisi ku-greenhouse ngendlela efanele, udinga ukucabangela ukuthi izinga lokushisa kwenhlabathi kufanele libe ngu-15 ° C. Uma inani liphansi, izimpande ngeke zisinde futhi zife.

Kude kangakanani ukutshala utamatisi ku-abamba ukushisa?

Njengoba kubalulekile ukukhula ngendlela enempilo yokuphucula , pasynkovanie nezinye izinqubo, udinga ukunakekela ukutholakala kwesikhala samahhala kuzo zonke izikhwama.

1. Uma ukhetha izinhlobo ezide uma utshalwa utamatisi endaweni yokushisa, ibanga eliphakathi kwetamatisi kufanele ushiye 50-60 cm. Uma indawo ingalinganiselwe, ungatshala utamatisi emiqeni emibili noma ngokusho komgomo we-chess.
2. Uma ufuna ukukhulisa izinhlobo ezincane ezikhulayo, ibanga lingancishiswa libe ngu-40 cm.

Ukunakekela utamatisi ku-abamba ukushisa

Emva kokufika, akudingeki ukuba nethemba lokuthi izitamatisi zizokhula ngokwabo, ngoba ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okwanele ukuthola isivuno esicebile ngeke nje kusebenze. Ukuze ukhule izihlahla eziphilile, udinga ukuqapha izinga lokushisa okufanelekile, ukhethe kahle inhlabathi nokuphuza. Ukunakekela utamatisi ku- glasshouse eyenziwe nge-polycarbonate noma ingilazi kubandakanya i-pasynkovanie ne- garter ngokuhambisana nezidingo.

Ukushisa ku-greenhouse for utamatisi

Utamatisi kukhona i-thermophilic, ngisho nokudonsa kancane kwezinga lokushisa kubo kungaba yingozi. Kulabo abanesithakazelo sokuthi bakhulise kanjani utamatisi omuhle esitheni sokushisa, kunezimiso ezikhethekile zombuso wokushisa:

1. Lapho lesi sitshalo sesitshalwe endaweni yokushisa, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe ngu-15 ° C futhi kufanele landa kancane kancane.
2. Uma inani likhuphukela ku-25-30 ° C, izithombo zamatamatisi ku-greenhouse zizoqala ukukhula ngenkuthalo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ayiluleli ngokweqile, kutuswa ukunciphisa izibalo ku-15 ° C. Ngenxa yalokho, uhlelo lwempande luzoqiniswa.
3. Akunconywa ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa ngaphansi komkhawulo okuboniswe ngenhla, njengoba utamatisi ku-greenhouse uzoqala ukuphumula nokuthuthukiswa kuzomisa.

Umhlabathi utamatisi ku-greenhouse

Kubalulekile ukukhetha inhlabathi efanele yokutshala imifino futhi lokhu, cabanga ngeminye imithetho:

1. Ngoba lesi siko sithandwa kakhulu enhlabathini ekhanyayo, lapho i-asidi isondelene khona. Uma inani likhuphuka, sebenzisa izinto ezixubileyo, njengomlotha noma i-lime.
2. Abalimi bezitshalo batusa ukuba benze emhlabathini we-grooves ama-40-50 cm bese belala khona utshani noma umquba. Emva kwalokho, inhlabathi esusiwe ibuyiselwa kusayithi. Qaphela ukuthi ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo kukhishwa i-carbon dioxide, okuyinto eyingozi kubantu futhi ingabangela ubuthi.
3. Umhlaba ekushiseni okushisa ukuze utamatisi akufanele uqukathe izilonda nezibungu. Inhlabathi kumele ibe yinto evulekile, ebalulekile ekugcineni umswakama. Ungasebenzisa izakhi ezihlakazayo, isibonelo, i-perlite, i-vermiculite noma umlotha. Qaphela ukuthi i-pH kufanele ibe sezingeni lama-6.5-7.
4. Olunye uhlamvu oluvela kubalimi abanolwazi - uma utamatisi selukhulile iminyaka eminingana endaweni eyodwa, kungcono ukushintsha ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi (cishe u-40 cm).

Ukuphuza utamatisi endaweni yokushisa

Ochwepheshe banikeza imithetho eminingana eyisisekelo ngokuphathelene nokuchelela, okuyinto zonke izivande kufanele zikwazi ukuze zikhule izihlahla ezinhle:

1. Indlela yokunisela isetshenziswa, futhi amanzi akufanele afinyelele emaqabunga omhlabathi. Inqubo yenziwa kanye ngesonto futhi isitshalo ngasinye kufanele sibe nama-5 amalitha amanzi.
2. Ukuphuza utamatisi endaweni yokushisa kufanele kwenziwe ekuseni. Ungasebenzisi amanzi abandayo, ngaphandle kwalokho ungadala isimo sezitshalo.
3. Lapho utamatisi uqala ukuthela izithelo, ukuchelela kufanele kwandiswe futhi amaconsi amanzi kufanele asetshenziswe kangcono.
4. Ngemuva kokuphuza, kutuswa ukuba uvuselele izakhiwo zendawo yokushisa. Amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kokuvuna, kufanele uke ukuphuza izitshalo, okuzosiza ukusheshisa inqubo yokuvuthwa.
5. Ukuthola indlela yokutshala utamatisi efubeni lokushisa, kufanelekile ukukhomba ukuthi uma kuntuleka kwamanzi, amaqabunga emagqumeni ayokhuphuka, futhi uma kunamanzi amaningi, ukupheka kwezitshalo kuzovela, okungase kuvele futhi.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwetamatisi endaweni yokushisa

Ukuze uthole imifino emikhulu, enomnandi futhi enomnandi, ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyadingeka. Kunezici eziningana eziphathelene nokukhethwa kanye nokusetshenziswa komanyolo utamatisi ku-abamba ukushisa:

1. Utamatisi uphendula kahle izimpande kanye namaqabunga okufaka umquba.
2. Ngosuku lwama-20 emva kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukuba uqale ukufaka umanyolo wezitshalo. Ungathenga amaxube akhethekile esitolo, futhi ungasebenzisa lokhu okubunjwa: ama-5 amalitha amanzi, ama-0.5 amalitha we-mullein, 17 g we-superphosphate kanye no-25 g wokhuni lomlotha. In utamatisi ngamunye kunconywa ukuba wengeze 0.5 amalitha yesisombululo.
3. Ngesikhathi semifino, izimpande ezigqoka ngesakhiwo esifanayo noma izithasiselo ezithengiwe zidinga ukunikezwa kokubili okungaphezulu kwezinsuku ezingu-10 nezinsuku ezingu-20 ngemuva kokuqala. Okwesithathu, umlotha kanye ne-superphosphate kufanele zisetshenziswe.
4. Mayelana nokupuniza, le nqubo ayimpoqo, kodwa uma ifisa, ingenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-calcium nitrate.

Ukuqothula utamatisi ku-greenhouse

I-trunk yesitshalo ngaphansi kwesisindo sesithelo singagubha futhi iphule, ngakho-ke i-garter iyinkambiso ebalulekile. Ukulungiswa kokuqala kuyenzeka lapho befinyelela ekuphakameni kwama-40-50 cm. Kulesi simo, sebenzisa izikhonkwane ezincane kanye neziqephu zesikhumba esithambile. Kunezindlela eziningana zokubopha utamatisi ebamba lokushisa uma zikhula:

1. Ezingxenyeni zokhuni . Eduze utamatisi ngamunye isibalo sivalekile, lapho isiqu esiboshwe khona, okufanele simile ngqo. Yenza lokhu phakathi naphezulu.
2. Ku-trellis. Le ndlela ayiyona elula kakhulu yokushisa, ngoba ezimweni eziningi isikhala sinqunyelwe.
3. Ukwenza ucingo noma isitimela. Ukuthola indlela yokutshala utamatisi ebamba lokushisa nokuzibopha kahle, awukwazi ukuphuthelwa kukho okukhethwa kakhulu. Ngaphezulu kwesakhiwo, kubalulekile ukudonsa ucingo, okuyizintambo eziqinile ezinamathele kuzo futhi zilungiselele izihlahla zamatamatisi. Abalimi bezitshalo batusa ukusebenzisa izindlela ezihlangene, okungukuthi, ubophe intambo hhayi ehlathini, kodwa emigodini bese uvale kakade isiqu.

Indlela yokugqoka utamatisi ku-abamba ukushisa?

Inqubo yokususa amahlumela angadingekile kubangela abantu abaningi ukungabaza okuningi. Kukhona amathiphu amaningana wokuthi utamatisi owenziwe kanjani ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, okuzophendula yonke imibuzo enentshisekelo:

1. Okokuqala udinga ukukhomba kahle i-stepon. Ngisho noma encane, ineziqabunga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-stepon ihlale ikhona phakathi kwe-trunk kanye nesisekelo seqabunga.
2. Ukususwa kuyenzeka ngemuva kokuba ubude bezinyathelo ezizoba ngamasentimitha angu-3 kuya ku-6, kodwa akukho. Ukunciphisa amahlumela engeziwe kuyadingeka kude no-1-2 cm kusuka kwesisekelo sabo. Ngenxa yalokho, kuyoba nesitshalo esincane.
3. Ukuqonda indlela yokutshala utamatisi ebamba lokushisa, kufanelekile ukuthi kubalulekile ukufeza inqubo kulo lonke impilo yesitshalo ukuze uqondise amandla ukubopha nokuvuthwa isithelo. Yenza lokhu kuze kube ngu-11 ekuseni.
4. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi i-stepon, etholakala ngaphansi kwebhayisikili engenhla ayikwazi ukususwa. Ngemuva kwenqubo, utamatisi wokunisela akuvumelekile.