Iyini impilo nokuthi ungayigcina kanjani iminyaka ezayo?

Impilo ibaluleke kakhulu kubantu, kodwa uma nje ingaphumeleli, abantu abavamile ukucabanga ngakho. Ukuqala ukuvikela impilo kulandela namanje uma kuwukuthi: ukugwema ukuthi kuyaphanga, futhi ukunamathela kulokho okuyiqinisa.

Iyini incazelo - yezempilo

Ukubukeka ukuthi yiyiphi impilo, ishintshile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho, ngekhulu le-11 BC. udokotela uGaren wachaza impilo njengesimo esingenabuhlungu, futhi esiza ukwenza imisebenzi ngokugcwele. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, umbono wezempilo ushintshile kakhulu, wandisa futhi wajuliswa. Incazelo yezempilo ye-WHO ikhombisa ukuthi impilo ihlanganisa izici ezakhiwe ngokuphila komphakathi, ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.

Abanye ososayensi, bezindla ngokuthi yikuphi impilo, bafaka lo mqondo futhi babeke amandla emzimbeni. Uma kalula umzimba uphendukela ezishintshayo emvelweni, uvumelanisa, ulwa nama-ayingozi, unamandla kunempilo. Amakhono okugcina ahlanganisa ikhono lokumelana nokucindezeleka okungokomzimba nengokwengqondo isikhathi eside.

Health Physical

Impilo engokwenyama yisimo somzimba lapho zonke izitho nezinhlelo zezinhlaka zisebenza ngokuphumelelayo. Impilo enhle yempilo kusiza umuntu ukuba ahlanganyele ngokugcwele emisebenzini yawo, ibhizinisi elivamile kanye nokuphumula. Izingxenye ezichaza impilo yempilo yizingxenye ezinjalo:

• izinga lokuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba komuntu;
• izici ze-anatomical nezemvelo;
• izinga lokuzivocavoca ngokomzimba;
• ukutholakala noma ukungabikho kwezifo ngendlela elula noma engapheli;
• ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba.

Impilo yengqondo

Umbuzo, yini impilo yengqondo, ingabonwa kusuka ezinhlangothini ezimbili:

1. Kusukela ekubukeni kwesifo sengqondo, impilo yengqondo ukungabikho kokungaqondakali kwengqondo nokukhubazeka kokuthuthukiswa komuntu siqu.
2. Kusukela ekubukeni kwengqondo, kuyisimo esikuvumela ukuba uqaphele ngokugcwele amakhono akho, ukuzibonakalisa njengomuntu, ukuba nethemba lokuphila, ukuzama phambili nokufeza imigomo yakho, ukusebenzisana kahle nabantu abakuzungezile nokuba yilungu eliwusizo lomphakathi.

Izinga lempilo

Ezifundweni zezokwelapha nezenhlalakahle, amazinga amaningana wezempilo ayahluka:

• impilo yomuntu ngamunye, lapho umuntu eqonda isimo sempilo yomuntu ngamunye;
• impilo yesifunda - isimo sezempilo sabantu besifunda esisodwa sokuphatha;
• impilo yeqembu - impilo yeqembu elikhethiwe lezenhlalo noma lobuhlanga;
• impilo yomphakathi - isimo sempilo yomphakathi wonke.

Izinkomba zezempilo

Izinkomba ezinkulu zempilo zifaka izinto ezinjalo:

• izakhi zofuzo : zibandakanya i-genotype, ukungabi khona kwe-dysembryogenesis nezisici ezizuzwe njengefa;
• Ukuziphatha : izinga lokuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba kanye nohlobo lomthethosisekelo;
• i-biochemical : izinga lezinkomba zezikhukhula eziphilayo kanye nezicubu;
• ekliniki , ukukhuluma ngokukhona noma ukungabikho kwezifo;
• isisombululo : isilinganiso sezinqubo zokuxilonga;
• ukusebenza : leli qembu lihlanganisa okujwayelekile okujwayelekile kanye nenani lokuphendula, kanye namakhono okugcinwa kwemvelo kanye nefomu lokusebenza;
• kwengqondo , kuhlanganise nesimo sokwemvelo-esinamandla-esinqunyiwe nesingqondweni, uhlobo lwe-GNI nokuziphatha;
• emphakathini-ngokomoya : izindinganiso zokuziphatha kanye nemigomo yomuntu, izidingo nezifiso.

Izinkomba zempilo yabantu

Izinkomba ezihlose ezempilo yabantu zifaka izikala eziyi-12:

1. Ukucindezelwa kwegazi. Ingcindezi ekahle yi-110/70 mm Hg. Art. Eminye imithombo ithi ngenkathi ikhula, ingcindezi ingakhuphuka ibe yi-120-130 mm Hg. nokuthi ukwanda okunjalo kuyinto evamile. Lo mbono ungabizwa ngokuthi ukhululekile, ngoba empeleni noma yimuphi ukukhuphuka kwengcindezi kungumphumela wokugula nokuziphatha kokungalungile.
2. Isilinganiso senhliziyo (isilinganiso senhliziyo) ekuphumuleni. Izinga li-60 amaphutha ngomzuzu.
3. Ukunyakaza okuphefumulayo. Ngomzuzu kufanele kube khona okungaphezu kuka-16 ukuphefumula.
4. Ukushisa komzimba. Umuntu onempilo unokushisa komzimba ka-36.60 С.
5. I-hemoglobin. Kwabesifazane, umkhuba we- hemoglobin ungama-120 mg / l, futhi kubantu - 130 mg / l. Ukuwa kwalesi sibonakaliso kuholela ekushintsheni okungalungile kwedatha yeminye imingcele.
6. I-Bilirubin. Ngokuvamile lesi sibalo singama-21 μmol / l. Kubonisa indlela umzimba obhekana ngayo kahle nokucubungulwa kwamaseli abomvu abomvu.
7. I-Urine. Nsuku zonke, i-litre yomchamo ixoshwa emzimbeni womuntu enekhono elithile lika-1020 kanye ne-asidi ka-5.5.
8. Index of ukuphakama nesisindo. Le nkomba ibalwa kusukela ematafuleni ngokukhipha isisindo somzimba kusuka ekukhuleni.
9. Ushukela egazini. Inani elivamile lingu-5.5 mlol / l.
10. PH yegazi. Izindinganiso zibhekwa njengezingaphakathi kuka-7.32-7.42. Idatha ngezansi ku-6.8 nangaphezulu kwe-7.8 ibulale.
11. Ama-leukocytes. Kumuntu onempilo, inani le leukocyte lizoba yizinkulungwane ezingu-4.5 ngezinga lesishiyagalolunye. Izibalo eziphakeme zibonisa ukuthi kukhona inqubo yokuvuvukala.
12. I-cholesterol. Izinga le- cholesterol evamile akufanele lidlule i-200 mg / dl. Inkomba ye-239 mg / dl yikhulu esivumelekile.

Izinkomba zezempilo zabantu

Impilo yomphakathi ibonisa isimo sempilo esijwayelekile samalungu omphakathi futhi sibonisa imikhuba yayo yokuthuthukisa jikelele. Kuhlanganisa izici ezinjalo:

1. Izinga lokuzala. Kubandakanya inani lokuzalwa ngonyaka ngonyaka kubantu abayizinkulungwane. Isikhombi esiphezulu ukuzalwa kwezingane ezingu-20-30.
2. Izinga lokufa. Isilinganiso sokufa sabantu abayi-15-16 ukufa ngonyaka ngonyaka kubantu abayizinkulungwane. Uma ukufa ngokweminyaka kubhekwa njengesijwayelekile, ukushona kwezingane kubhekwa njengesifo futhi kubonisa ukungabi nenjabulo kwezenhlalakahle. Inani eliphansi lokushona kwezingane elingaphansi kwezingane zingaphansi kwezingu-15 ngonyaka ngonyaka wezingane ezingu-1000, izingane eziphakeme kakhulu ezingaphezu kwezingu-60.
3. Ukwanda komphakathi kubonisa umehluko phakathi kwenani labantwana abazalwa kanye nenani lamalungu omphakathi oshonile.
4. Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila. Inkomba enhle yile minyaka engama-65-75, ayihambisani neminyaka engu-40-50.
5. I-coefficient yokuguga kwamalungu omphakathi ibalwa kusukela umahluko phakathi kwenani labantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-60 nangemva kokungu-60. Isibonisi esimpofu singumaphesenti angaphezu kuka-20, futhi isibonakaliso esihle singaphansi kwama-5.
6. Ukunyakaza komshini kwabantu kubonisa iphesenti lokufuduka.
7. Izinga lomthelela.
8. Isibonakaliso sokukhubazeka kokuzalwa nokutholwa.
9. Isibonakaliso sokuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba kuxhomeke kulelohlanga, isimo sezulu nesimo sokuhlala.

Izinto ezithinta impilo yomuntu

Impilo yabantu ixhomeke ezimweni eziningi, ngakho-ke ukwazi ukuthi iziphi izingozi zempilo yabantu, nokuthi yini ebangela ekuthuthukiseni kwayo, kungasiza wonke amalungu omphakathi athuthukise impilo yabo. Zonke izici ezithinta impilo yomuntu zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu alandelayo:

• indlela yokuphila;
• i-heredity yemvelo;
• izimo zenhlalo nezomnotho;
• isimo semvelo;
• ukutholakala kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Izinto ezibangela ekunyusweni kwezempilo

Ukuhlaziya indlela yokulondoloza impilo yabantu, odokotela baqaphela lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

1. Ukudla okunomsoco nokudla. Imenyu kufanele iguquke, ilinganiswe, futhi ukudla kufanele kuthathwe ngokuvumelana nombuso.
2. Umsebenzi womzimba olinganisiwe.
3. Ukuphumula okuphelele, ukulala okunempilo.
4. Ukuhlanzeka komuntu siqu, izindlu ezihlanzekile.
5. Izinqubo ezinzima.
6. Isimo esihle semvelo. Nakuba imvelo ayixhomekile kumuntu ngamunye, umuntu kufanele akhethe izindawo ezihlanzekile eziningi zokuphila.
7. Ukucabanga kanye nesistimu enobuchopho obuqinile. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, kwaziwa ukuthi isimo sesimiso sezinzwa sibonakala ngokuqondile empilweni yangokwenyama.

Izinto ezonakalisa impilo

Ukuzindla ukuthi yikuphi impilo, akuphelele ngaphandle kokuhlaziywa kokwenza umphumela omubi esimweni sakhe. Uma ucabanga ngezinto ezilimazayo empilweni, bese uzama ukuzigwema, ungakwazi ukuphakamisa izinga lakho lokuphila futhi uzizwe ungumuntu ojabulayo. Izinto ezibangela ukulimala empilweni zihlanganisa:

1. Imikhuba emibi: ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, ukubhema ugwayi, ukulutha izidakamizwa nokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa.
2. Ukudla okungalungile. Ukwanda kwesabelo sama-carbohydrate kanye nemikhiqizo elinezidakamizwa emenyu kanye nokwehla kwesabelo sezithelo nemifino kuholela ekuzuzeni isisindo, ukunciphisa umzimba, ukutholakala kwegciwane lesithambile nokuntuleka emzimbeni wamaminerali.
3. Hypodinamy. Unyaka ngamunye kunciphisa ukuhamba kwabantu, okuholela ekubuthakeni kwemisebenzi yomzimba kanye nezifo ezivamile.
4. Ukucindezela nokuhlangenwe nakho.

Ukuvikelwa kwezempilo

Umphakathi onempilo ungenye yezingxenye zombuso ophumelelayo. Impilo yezakhamuzi ibhekene nokuvimbela nokuvikelwa kwempilo yomphakathi. Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kuyinhlanganisela yezinyathelo zomgomo wezepolitiki, ezenhlalakahle, ezempilo, ezamasiko, ezomnotho nezokuhlanzeka okuhloswe ngazo ekuthuthukiseni isimo sezempilo selungu ngalinye lomphakathi. Lezi zinyathelo zihloselwe ukulondoloza impilo, ukuphatha izakhamizi nokuvimbela. Impilo yezingane kanye nempilo yabesifazane yizindawo eziphambili zokunakekelwa kwezempilo.