I-cecum ine-appendix ye-vermiform eyenza umsebenzi wokuzivikela. Isithasiselo senza uhlobo lwe "ipulazi" kanye nokugcinwa kwama-microorganisms akha i-microflora ewusizo. Ukuvuvukala kwalolu hlobo kuyinto yokukhubazeka evamile kakhulu ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla, okudinga ukungenela okusheshayo okusheshayo.
I-Appendicitis - izimbangela
Izimbangela eziqondile ezibangela lesi sifo esibuzwayo azikakhiwa. Ochwepheshe basikisela kuphela ukuthi kungani i-appendicitis ivela - izimbangela zihlukaniswa ngamaqembu angu-4 ngokusho kwezinambuzane ezibonakalayo zenqubo yokuvuvukala:
- i-mechanical;
- i-infectious;
- isifo senhliziyo;
- i-endocrine.
Izimbangela ze-appendicitis enzima
Ithiyori eyinhloko yentuthuko yesifo esichazwe yisimo sokungabikho (ukuvalwa) kwesithasiselo. Lokhu kubangela ukuqoqwa kwe-mucus kanye nama-microorganisms ngokweqile ku-isithasiselo. Ikhula ngosayizi, ingcindezi ngaphakathi ikhula futhi kuvutha. I-appendicitis enhle ingenzeka ngemuva kwesivinini se-appendix scab (amatshe aqoshiwe), igwinya izidumbu zangaphandle, i-helminths nesisu (i-carcinoid).
Ngezinye izikhathi inqubo yokuvuvukala yenza i-début yayo ngenxa ye-inflexion ye-organ by fusion cicatricial ngenxa yezinye izifo emgodini wesisu:
- ukungena ;
- i-colitis;
- i-adnexitis;
- i-cholecystitis;
- i-peritiflita;
- ukwakheka kokunamathela.
Ngokwezintambo ezisele zokubonakala kwe-appendicitis, iqala ngaphansi kwethonya lezi zinto:
- ukutheleleka kwe-vermiform appendage ne-microbesic microbes;
- i-vasculitis yesistimu;
- ukuvimba ngokweqile kwe-hormone serotonin.
Appendicitis engapheli - izimbangela
Leli fomu lesi sifo ukuvuvukala okuncane kwesithasiselo, ngaphandle kwempawu ezithile. Odokotela abaningi bayakuphika i-appendicitis engapheli njengesenzakalo. Abanye odokotela basungula ukuxilongwa okunjalo, behlukanisa ngohlobo oluyisisekelo nolwesibili. Izimbangela zenqubo yokuvuvukala elandelayo yilezi:
- Izifo ezinesizotha esithombeni esingaphansi;
- izinguquko zesicucucu ngemuva kwesifo esiyingozi esisodwa ngaphandle kokususwa kwesithasiselo.
Izimpawu ze-appendicitis
Ukusuka ekutholeni okwesikhashana kwe-pathology okukhulunywa ngayo, impumelelo yokwelashwa kwayo incike. Umuntu ngamunye kumele akhumbule ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ze-appendicitis ezibonwa kuqala. Lokhu kuzosiza ngokushesha ukusola ukuvuvukala nokufuna usizo olufanelekayo. Uma kungenjalo, kuyoba ne-appendicitis eyinkimbinkimbi - izimpawu zesimo esibi sesifo sizokhula futhi ziholele emiphumeleni eyingozi. Ukungabikho kwezokwelapha ezimweni ezinjalo kubhekene nezimo ezinzima kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokufa kungenzeka.
Izimpawu zokuqala ze-appendicitis
Isithombe esiphezulu sesifo sesifo sifunda ngomzwelo wesisu, ikakhulukazi kusihlwa noma ebusuku. Isibonakaliso sokuqala se-appendicitis ubuhlungu obunzima bokulinganisela obufana ne-gastritis. Ngenxa yobuthakathaka obuphansi balobu bufakazi, umuntu akasheshi ukuya emtholampilo. Kunezinye izibonakaliso ezihambisana ne-appendicitis - izimpawu zokuqala:
- isicasuli;
- ukuhlanza (izikhathi ezingu-1-2);
- ubuthakathaka;
- i-malaise;
- umlomo owomile.
Izimpawu zohlelo lokusebenza olujulile
Ngemuva kwesigaba sokuqala, i-pathology iyaqhubeka, futhi isithombe sayo somtholampilo sichazwe ngokucacile. Ubuhlungu obuhambisana ne-appendicitis buba buhlungu, bukhupha noma bucindezela. Ukukhathazeka akuzwa nje kuphela phakathi nendawo, kodwa futhi kwesisu esingaphansi kwesisu. I-Appendicitis, izimpawu, zibonakala ngokucacile phakathi kwamahora ambalwa alandelayo:
- ukwanda kokushisa komzimba ngaphakathi kwama-37-38 degrees;
- Ukuntuleka ngokuphelele kokudla (i-anorexia);
- ukuphikisana okunzima okuqhubekayo;
- izintambo zenhliziyo (tachycardia), kuze kube yizintambo ezingu-90 ngomzuzu;
- ukuvula;
- ukumboza omhlophe olimini.
Izimpawu ze-appendicitis engapheli
Ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo yefomu elivuthayo elivuthayo lokuvuvukala akuyona into ekhethekile, ingaba isici sezinye izifo ezihlukahlukene zesigcawu somathumbu. Izimpawu ze-appendicitis engapheli:
- izifo zesibindi, njengokuqunjelwa, nokuhuda;
- isicanucanu, ikakhulukazi emva kokuzikhandla ngokomzimba nokungalungile ekudleni;
- ukudla okubuthakathaka;
- ukucasula;
- ubuhlungu besisu ngezikhathi ezithile.
Indlela yokunquma ukufakwa kwe-appendicitis?
Udokotela kuphela ofanelekayo angaqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona inqubo yokuvuvukala ku-appendix. Ngisho nokwazi ukuthi yiliphi uhlangothi lwesithasiselo (esiswini esingaphansi kwesisu), nokuthi kuphi ukucindezela amasampula angokwenyama, ngeke kusize ngokunembile ukuxilonga lesi sifo. Kwamanye abantu, isitho esingaphansi sisezindaweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu, futhi ukukhanya okungalungile ngokuvamile kuvame ukulimaza noma ukudiliza izindonga zesithasiselo.
Kunezinqubo eziningana zobuchwepheshe zokuqaphela ukufakwa kwesicelo:
- Uphawu lukaMendel. Uma uthinta ngomunwe wodonga lwangaphakathi lwesisu, ubuhlungu endaweni ye-ileal efanele banda.
- Isibonakaliso Sitkovsky. Ukukhathazeka kunamandla kakhulu uma umuntu ephendukela ngakwesokunxele.
- Isibonakaliso se-Pshevalsky. Kunzima ukuthi isiguli sikhulise umlenze wakhe wokunene.
- Isibonakaliso se-Shchetkin-Blumberg. Ubuhlungu obuningi obuchotshoziwe obukhulu ngemva kokucindezelwa.
- Isibonakaliso sokucasuka kwe-peritoneum. Ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngesikhathi sneezing, ukuhleka, ukukhwehlela, ukuhamba nokushaya.
Ukuqinisekiswa kokugcina kokuxilongwa okusolwayo, kwenziwa imisebenzi eminingi:
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi (imitholampilo, i-biochemical), indwangu, umchamo;
- ikhophigramme;
- ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound;
- i-radiography;
- I-Irrigoscopy;
- i-tomography ehlanganisiwe;
- i-electrocardiogram.
Usizo lokuqala nge-appendicitis
Uma ukuvuvukala kwesithasiselo se-cecum kusolwa, iqembu lezokwelapha kufanele libizwe ngokushesha. Efonini kubalulekile ukubika ukuthi isiguli kufanele sibe ne-appendicitis-chaza izimpawu ngokuningiliziwe, ukucacisa isimo nesimo senhlalakahle yomuntu. Ngaphambi kokufika kochwepheshe, akukho mizamo yokuzimela yokwelashwa okufanele yenziwe.
Usizo oluphuthumayo nge-appendicitis:
- Beka isisulu endaweni enezingqimba.
- Ukuhlinzeka ukuthula kwengqondo isiguli.
- Unganiki amanzi, ukudla, imithi.
- Akunqatshelwe ukubeka amafutha, ukubeka izifudumala esiswini.
I-Appendicitis - ukusebenza
Indlela kuphela yokuphatha i-pathology ehlongozwayo iwukuba ukhethe isitho esivuliwe. Ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kwesithasiselo kwenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwe-anesthesia futhi kudinga ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kwesiguli. Ebusuku bokuhlinzwa, isiguli sijojowe ngosawoti wezinto eziphilayo kanye nama-antibiotic anamandla. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ubukhulu bokuvuvukala nokuvimbela ukutheleleka ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa nangemva kokuhlinzwa. Ukwengeza, ukuhlanzwa kwesisu nokugcoba emathunjini kwenziwa.
Inguqulo evamile yokususwa kwesithasiselo i-appendectomy ye-laparotopic. Yenziwa ngokuyinhloko ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile futhi inikeza ukufinyelela okuqondile kwisitho esingaphansi ngokusika udonga lwesisu ngaphakathi kwengxenye ephansi. Ngenxa yokuphumelela kwezokwelapha zanamuhla, kunesinye, esingathandeki kakhulu, indlela yokuziqhenya kwesithasiselo.
Ukususwa kwesithasiselo nge-laparoscopic indlela
Le ndlela yokwelashwa inikeza ukulahlekelwa kwegazi okuncane, kuvimbela ukwakhiwa kwezibazi ezinkulu nokunamathela emgodini wesisu. Ukususwa kwe-laparoscopic kwesithasiselo kuqinisekisa ukuhlukumezeka okuncane ezithandeni ezithambile nesikhumba, okunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula. Ngokwezifundo zanamuhla, lolu hlobo lwenqubo aluvamile ukuthi lubangele izinkinga.
Ukwelashwa okunjalo kungukungeniswa kwesikhumba sesisu se-carbon dioxide (ukuhlela isikhala esanele nokufinyelela mahhala emzimbeni) nezinsimbi eziguquguqukayo ezinekhamera ezincane ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ezimbalwa ezincane. Udokotela ubona isithasiselo esingaphakathi ngaphakathi kwikhompyutheni yekhompiyutha, futhi ususa ngokucophelela inqubo evuthayo usebenzisa abasebenzisa i-manipulators. Isitho esithambile sitholakala ngenye yezimbobo ezenziwe.
Ukuvuselelwa ngemva kokususwa kwesithasiselo
Ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-1-2 kusukela esikhathini sokuhlinzwa okuphakanyisiwe ukuphumula kombhede oqinile, ukuphuma embhedeni kuvunyelwe ngosuku lwesithathu kuphela. Kuyadingeka ukuthi umsizi emva kwe-appendicitis awuhlakazeli. Emasontweni angu-6 alandelayo, imisipha izoxolisa, ngaphandle kwesizinda lapho ingozi yokunamathela kanye ne-hernias iyanda. Ukuze uvimbele ukucindezeleka, umsebenzi womzimba wanda kancane kancane, ukuphakamisa isisindo, imidlalo esebenzayo kanye nokusebenza kanzima akukhipha. Ukusheshisa ukuphulukiswa nokuvimbela ukuhlukana kwe-sutures kusizwa ngokugqoka i-bandage ekhethekile.
Ngaphandle kokuzikhandla ngokomzimba, isiguli sidinga:
- Njalo uvakashele lochwepheshe kanye nodokotela ohlinzayo ngezikhathi zokuhlolwa.
- Hlola isimo samanxeba okuthunyelwa ngemuva.
- Ukucubungula ama-seams, ukuqhubeka ukugqoka.
- Ngemuva kokulimala okwedlulele, ama-grease ama-scars anezimiso ezihleliwe ezihlelekile.
Ukudla emva kokufaka i-appendicitis
Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kokudla kuvunyelwe kuphela ngosuku lwesithathu lokusebenza. Emahoreni angu-72 alandelayo, ukudla ngemva kokususwa kwesithasiselo kufaka ukudla okukodwa okwe-liquid ne-mushy. Okuvunyelwe ukudla neziphuzo:
- imifino, hhayi umhluzi oqinile wenkukhu;
- ubisi lwe-milk jelly;
- i-puree emifino;
- amaji ahlanjululwa ngamanzi;
- umkhumbi wamanzi;
- umhluzi we-dogrose;
- i-herbal, itiye elimnyama elibuthakathaka.
Kusukela ngosuku lwesi-6 imenyu ikhula, ungasebenzisa:
- isobho elihlutshiwe;
- imikhiqizo yobisi ene-fat fat content;
- izinhlobonhlobo zenyama noma inhlanzi, igobile noma ibilisiwe, ifomu elichotshoziwe;
- ikhalenda emanzini;
- imifino nezithelo ezihlanzekile;
- ubhanana;
- isinkwa;
- i-jelly.
Kungakapheli izinyanga ezi-2-4 emva kwe-appendicitis, kubalulekile ukulandela isisindo bese ulandela izincomo zokusungulwa kwesilinganiso:
- Kukhona kaningi futhi kancane kancane.
- Sebenzisa ukudla okufudumele kuphela, hhayi kubanda futhi kungashisi.
- Ukunciphisa noma yikuphi imikhiqizo enomthelela ekwenzeni i-gassing emathunjini - izithelo, iklabishi, ama-marinades, ama-pickle, imikhiqizo yokubhema.
- Ungadli "ukudla okunzima" - inyama enamafutha, inhlanzi, ukudla okuthosiwe, isobho esinamandla nezikhwama ezisekelwe kuzo.
- Ungaphuzi utshwala, isoda.
Buyela kwimenyu ejwayelekile yomuntu kufanele ihambe kancane futhi ihambe kancane. Ochwepheshe bacebisa ukuba baqhubeke nokunamathela emazingeni okudla okunempilo, ukugcina ukudla okuphelele nokulinganisela. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuqinisa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela kanye nokubuyisela ibhalansi ye-microflora emathunjini, okwakuthinteka inqubo yokuvuvukala.
I-Appendicitis - izinkinga
Imiphumela emibi iphakama ngokumelene nesimo sokugula okunganaki noma ukuntula ukunakekelwa okwanele. Izinkinga zivame ukubhekwa uma i-appendicitis itholwe sekwephuzile - izimpawu ezinganakwa ngesikhathi sokuqala sokuvuvukala futhi zivusa ukusakazeka kwayo. Ngenxa yalokho, inqubo yokwelapha idlulela ezithombeni nasezingxenyeni eziseduze, ukutheleleka okujwayelekile kungenzeka.
Ngemuva kokususwa kwe-appendicitis lemiphumela elandelayo ingozi:
- i-peritonitis (ukuvuvukala kwesigxobo esiswini);
- isifo sokunamathisela ;
- ukuphuma kwangaphakathi;
- I-abscess periapendicular yesigxobo esiswini (ukuvuvukala okulinganiselwe ku-capsule egcwele ipus);
- ukungena kwe-bacteria ye-pathogenic egazini;
- ukuphuluka kwesithasiselo nokuphuma kokuqukethwe kwayo, kufaka hlangana izidakamizwa kanye nokuphelelwa yisikhathi, esikhaleni esiswini;
- ukuvuvukala kwe-portal vein yesibindi, kungaba i-purulent (pylephlebitis);
- i-thromboembolism - ukumboza isitsha segazi nge-thrombus;
- i-phlegmon ye-retroperitoneal isikhala;
- Ukungena kwe-Periapendicular (ukuhlanganiswa kwesithasiselo kanye nezitho ezungezile);
- i-thrombophlebitis yemifino ye-pelvis encane;
- ukuxhaswa kwamanxeba okuhlinzwa;
- ukuhlukaniswa kwemisipha;
- i-appendicitis engenangqondo noma engapheli.