Ukuxhumana kunemisebenzi eminingi futhi kudala izinhlobo ezahlukene nezinhlobo zayo. Kodwa, uma uqala ingxoxo hhayi ngesitayela esifanele, akunakwenzeka ukuthi uzokwazi ukudala umoya obumnandi phakathi kwakho nomunye umuntu.
Ukuxhumana: izinhlobo eziyinhloko, amafomu nemisebenzi
Amafomu okuxhumana:
- of nature yangaphakathi;
- phakathi kweqembu labantu.
Umuntu unikezwa ithuba lokuqhuba ingxoxo ngenxa yezindlela zomlomo zombili kanye nolimi lokunyakaza komzimba. Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlukanisa ukuxhumana ngezinto ezifana nobuhlobo bobudlelwane. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu ngabanye ngosizo lomsebenzi ovamile kuyimele.
Izinhlobo zokuxhumana:
- Ingxoxo emibuthanweni yezwe. Kusho ukulandela imithetho ethile. Awunconywa kulo mphakathi ukuzwakala ngokuzwakalayo konke okufika engqondweni yakho. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi yini eyamukelekile kuphela. Ingxoxo inemvelo engaziwa (okungukuthi, imibono yabahlanganyeli engxoxweni ayinakushintsha kakhulu isitayela senkulumo).
- Okuhlelekile. Ukukhetha lolu hlobo, lo muntu akazami ukufunda izici zobunikazi bomlingani wakhe, ngenkathi esebenzisa isethi ejwayelekile yamazwi, uhla lwemizwelo, ukunyakaza. Ngenxa yalokhu, isimo sengqondo sangempela enkulumweni asibonisi ku-interlocutor.
- Ukuxhumana ngokusebenzisa ukuxhaphaza kukuzibophezela. Omunye wabaxoxisana ubeka umgomo wokuthola ulwazi oludingekile kusuka kumxhumanisi osizwa ngosizo lwezindlela zangaphambili (isibonelo, ukuzithoba, umusa wamanga).
- Ukuhlangana kwangaphambili. Ayikho into enjengobuntu, kepha ezweni lanamuhla ngokuvamile likwazi ukubona ukuthi abanye abantu babhalise kanjani kwabasekeli bohlobo lokukhulumisana lokuqala, okuyinto yokuhlola ohlangothini oluhlukile emazingeni amabili: i-interlocutor edingekayo noma engadingekile. Icala lokuqala - bayakusekela ngokuzithandela ukuxhumana naye, uma kungenjalo - ngosizo lwezinkulumo ezinenkohliso, ukusebenzisa amandla omzimba womlingani engxoxweni kungancishiswa.
- Ukuxhumana kwebhizinisi, okufana nokuxhumana okuphelele, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene nezinhlobo ezahlukene. Kulesi simo, i-interlocutor iphathwa njengobuntu obubalulekile (ubudala, izintandokazi, njll). Amafomu afaka:
- izingxoxo;
- ingxoxo;
- ukukhuluma phambi komphakathi;
- umhlangano.
Imisebenzi yokuxhumana:
- ukuthuthukiswa komuntu njengomuntu;
- isiqinisekiso (ulwazi ngokwakho kanye ne-interlocutor);
- ukuhlanganiswa-ukuhlukaniswa kwabalingani;
- isithunzi (ukufeza imigomo);
- inhlangano yangaphakathi yomuntu ngamunye (ukuthuthukiswa kokucabanga).