Ezweni lethu namuhla, kunezingozi eziningi zempilo - umoya ongcolileyo, imisebe, amanzi angcolile, ukudla okungenakuqondakala okuvela ezigatsheni futhi, ngokuqinisekile, ubufebe. Zonke lezi zinto zingathinti impilo yethu kuphela, kodwa futhi nezingane zethu. Ukuhlala emzimbeni wesifazane, zonke izinto eziyingozi zithinta ikhono lokukhulelwa, kanye ne-fetus ekhulelwe. Indlela yokuzivikela wena kanye nengane yengomuso kusuka kwamathambo? Imithi yesimanje inikeza ithuba lokubona ukwehluka okuvela ekuthuthukiseni okujwayelekile kakade ezinyathelweni zakuqala zokukhulelwa, ngokwenza ukuhlaziywa kwe-pathology ye-fetus.
Ukukhubazeka kungaba kokubili kokuzalwa nokuzalwa. Esikhathini sethu, cishe ama-5% wezingane ezisanda kuzalwa, zenani eliphelele lazo ezalwa, ezinama-pathologies ezindala noma ezibelethwayo, izimbangela zazo ezingaba izakhi zofuzo, i-chromosomal, i-multifactorial. Sizothola ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokuxilongwa nokuvikeleka kwezifo ezizofika ngesikhathi esizosiza ukugwema ukuzalwa kwezingane ezigulayo.
Ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo
Ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo kufanele kwenziwe enkundleni yokuhlela ukukhulelwa, kodwa ngokuvamile kwenziwa kakade ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Inhloso yalo: ukunquma ingozi yokubeletha okubelethwe, ukukhomba izimbangela zokukhulelwa kwesisu, ukuthola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuvela kwezifo ezifa. Izinkomba, njengombuso, ziyi: yobudala besifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-35, imishado ehlobene eduze, ukutheleleka okukhulu kwegciwane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukubeletha, ukungaziphathi kahle ku-anamnesis, ukutholakala kwezifo ezifa. Ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo kwe-fetus kwenzeka ezinyathelweni eziningana. Esigabeni sokuqala, kwenziwa ucwaningo, olubandakanya i-ultrasound ye-fetal pathology emasontweni angu-10-14. Esigabeni sesibili, kuhlolwa ukuhlolwa kwamahomoni ama-embryonic (AFP neHCG).
Ukuhlaziywa kwezinkinga ze-fetal (AFP ne-hCG)
Ngenhloso yokuxilongwa kwe-pathologies zakuqala, kakade ku-trimester yokuqala, emasontweni angu-10-14, kuphakanyiswa ukuba kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kokubeletha ngaphambi kokubeletha - ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngenxa yokubeletha komntwana, okuthathwa esibhedlela se-diagnosis. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi okwenziwe nge-fetal malformation manje kuyindlela ethembekile kuphela yokuthola ukungavamile kokuthuthukiswa ngokuthatha amaprotheni akhethekile okuthi ingane ifihla. I-AFT (i-alpha-fetoprotein) iyinxenye enkulu ye-serum ye-fetus. Ukuthuthukisa i-yolk sac nesibindi, uyahamba nomchamo ube ngamanzi amniotic futhi angene egazini likaMama nge-chorion.
Lapho uthola amazinga aphakeme we-AFP ngegazi lomama, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi:
- i-hernia yomgogodla noma ubuchopho;
- izinkinga zezinso;
- ukuhlasela kwe-duodenum;
- amaphutha ekutheleleni kwesiguli sangasese sangasese (kuyilapho izitho zangaphakathi zihlala zikhona isikhumba kanye nemisipha engabonakali, futhi zivaliwe ngefilimu encane yomthambo ohlangene).
Ukuhlaziywa kwentombazane yentuthuko ekutholeni amazinga we-hCG, ekuqaleni kwe-trimester yesibili, kwembula ukuthambekela nokuthuthukiswa kwe-chromosomal ye-fetus. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlaziywa kwe-fetus e-Down's syndrome kuyoba nenhle ngezinga eliphezulu le-hCG egazini labesifazane abakhulelwe, futhi nge-syndrome ye-Edwards - ngezinga elincishisiwe.
Esigabeni sesithathu sophenyo, i-ultrasound yesibili yenziwa ngeviki 20-24, elivumela ukukhomba ukukhubazeka kwezinsana ezincane, inani le-amniotic fluid kanye nokungajwayelekile kwe-placenta. Uma, ngemva kokufeza zonke izigaba zokuhlolwa kofuzo, isifo sokubeletha sithathwa, izazi zibeka izindlela ezingavamile zokuhlolwa: ukuhlaziywa ngokwemvelo kwe-fetus, ukuhlaziywa kwe-cytogenetic ye-fetus, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kusukela emthonjeni we-fetus.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Fetal Rh factor
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Rh isici se-fetus kuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile, kuvumela ukukhulelwa kokuqala ukucacisa ukuhambisana noma ukungalingani kwe-fetus nomama nge-Rh factor. Abesifazane abane-Rh factor akuhambisani ne-fetus
Ngenxa yezindlela zanamuhla, kungenzeka ukuvimbela ukubeletha noma ukuzalwa kwengane ene-pathologies. Uma kuqinisekiswa ukucabangela mayelana nokwelashwa okungenzeka kwabazali esikhathini esizayo, kukhona njalo ukukhetha - ukukhipha ukukhulelwa noma ukulungiselela kusengaphambili ukungenelela okuhlinzekwayo, okuvumela ukulungisa izinto ezimbi. Kunoma yikuphi, isinqumo sokugcina senziwa ngumndeni.