Abalimi abaningi sebevele bazama le ndlela yokukhukhamba ekhulayo. Labo abaphumelele okokuqala, baphinda le ndlela njalo ngonyaka, futhi abahlolwayo abaphumelele kakhulu baphumelela kulokhu kusebenza. Ukuze ukwazi ukukhuphula ukhukhamba okokuqala, udinga ukwazi imithetho embalwa.
Imikhukhamba imbewu yokugcina izithombo
Ukuhlakulela kwamakhukhamba kubamba lokushisa kuqala ngokutshala imbewu kanye nokulungiselela izithombo. Uma une-greenhouse yefilimu, ungakwazi ukukhulisa izithombo kuwo efasiteleni lendlu. Esikhathini kusukela ngo-Ephreli wesi-2 ukuya ku-25, kubalulekile ukutshala imbewu, bese kungenakunqamulela kaMeyi kuzokwenyuka konke phansi.
Ukuze uthole ukushisa okwenziwe nge-polycarbonate yamaselula, imbewu yamakhukhamba ayitholakali ngaphambili. Zakhulelwa masinyane endaweni ekhonjiwe encane. Hlwanyela imbewu kahle ngo-20-ntambama ka-Ephreli, khona-ke kusukela maphakathi no-May ungahlela ukhukhamba kuzo zonke izindawo zokushisa.
Ubuchwepheshe bekhukhamba ezikhulayo endaweni yokushisa
Ngaphambi kokutshala ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa, kumele kulungiswe. Kusukela ekwindla noma kwentwasahlobo kudingekile ukuthi ihlaziye igciwane lesibamba sokushisa ngesisombululo esikhethekile. Emalitha angu-10 amanzi ahlunga ithebhulethi yesidakamizwa "I-Tenta-vir", kunezibhebhe ezimbili ze-oxychrome. Kuwo wonke amamitha angu-20, wonke amalitha ayishumi adliwe.
Ukulima kwamakhukhamba kubamba lokushisa kuqala ngokulungiselela inhlabathi. Izithako ezilandelayo kumele zihlanganiswe kahle:
- enye ingxenye ye-peat, i-humus, i-sawdust ne-turf;
- Izingxenye ezingu-6 ze-peat + izingxenye ezimbili ze-humus + izingxenye ezimbili ze-sawdust;
- Izingxenye ezimbili zezwe le-sod + izingxenye ezingu-3 ze-humus + izingxenye ezingu-3 ze-peat + 1 ingxenye ye-sawdust.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uhlelo lwempande yekhukhamba lubuthakathaka, ngakho-ke lubucayi kakhulu izinga lomhlabathi. Yingakho ngaphandle komanyolo wekhwalithi, ingadi yakho ngeke ivumele isivuno.
Ungakhohlwa ngamaminerali amaminerali: 15 amagremu ka-ammonium nitrate, cishe ama-25 g we-ammonium sulphate, 20-30 g we-superphosphates, 20 g we-potassium chloride. Konke kubalwa indawo engama-1 sq.m.
Iphoyinti eliphoqelekile lokunakekela ukhukhamba elitheni lokushisa lilawula njalo umswakama. Lapho umswakama wenhlabathi unciphisa u-10%, ukhukhamba unqanda ukukhula nhlobo. Umswakama ongcono kakhulu ungabhekwa njengama-90% emoyeni, futhi u-95% wenhlabathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukunqwabelana ngokweqile kwenhlabathi akukwazi ukubekezelela. Uma uyenzela futhi ngamandla, kuzosusa ukungabi nomoya. Ngenxa yalokho, uhlelo lwempande linciphisa ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwalo, futhi lungaphelelwa ngokuphelele.
Ukhukhamba ebusweni bokushisa obusika butshalwa emashalofini, kunomkhawulo wenhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo ngokushesha zihlangabezana nomkhawulo ekuthuthukiseni, ngoba zisebenzisa umswakama nezakhi. Qinisekisa ukuqapha umswakama womhlabathi: ngaphambi kokunisela ukutshala izikhathi ezingu-2-3, konke kuxhomeke ekumekeni kwenhlabathi. Ungakhohlwa mayelana nomswakama. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amapayipi e-moisten, izitini, ukufakwa kwenhlabathi: konke lokhu kudala ukukhuphuka nezimo ezihle zokukhula kwamakhukhamba.
Ama-aphid ngamakhukhamba ku-greenhouse
I-whitefly (i-aphid) yonakalisa amahlamvu esitshalo, isiphuza ijusi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhetha okucebile kungathukuthelisa
Isilinganiso sokuqala esibalulekile sokuqeda le nkinga ukubhujiswa kwayo yonke ukhula. Wonke amafasitela neminyango kufanele ihlanganiswe nge-gauze. Ungenza izicupho ze-glue. Uhlaka lwepende eliphuzi eliphuzi noma elimhlophe lisetshenziswe kwisiqephu seplywood. Ubuso buhlanganiswe ne-petroleum jelly, i-rosin enoju, i-ore castor: lapho inambuzane ihlezi endaweni ekhangayo ekhangayo, ibamba phezulu.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, faka izitshalo ngamanzi ahlanzekile, ukhokhele ngokukhethekile phansi kweqabunga.