Ingabe kukhona okunye okuhle kakhulu emhlabeni kunemibala enemibala enemvelo yemvelo, egcwele amacici amnyama agubha ama-scents ensimu noma egxila emifuleni ekhangayo yezitshalo ezinhle zokushisa okushisa? Yeka indlela epholile ngayo phakathi nokushisa kwehlobo elivuthayo lokungena ekuthuleni nasekuphepheni kwabo, ukuba kude nomuzi omkhulu phakathi kwamazwi ezinyoni zezintambo kanye nephunga elimnandi. Futhi inhliziyo yomnakekeli okhathalelayo uyalimaza kanjani lapho enye yezilwane ezifuywayo ezifuywayo iphela ngenxa yokugula. Kodwa-ke, uma ungenqikazi kuleso simo, usengakwazi ukulungisa. Ithuluzi elilula elisetshenziswe kahle ngabalimi iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi, i-Bordeaux liquid, izosisiza, ukulungiswa nemithetho yesicelo okuzoxoxwa ngezansi.
Yini engiyidingayo ukuze ngiyazi ngaphambi kokwenza i-Bordeaux liquid?
Ngaphambi kokuba ulungise i-Bordeaux liquid, ake sijwayele ezinye zezici zayo nemithetho yokuphepha. Phela, le nto iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali enamandla, ngakho-ke idinga ukuqapha ekusingatheni kanye nokukhona okungenani ulwazi oluncane lokufunda.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi inkinga yokuvikela izitshalo nezitshalo zokuhlobisa izifo nezinambuzane nazo zithathwe ososayensi nezazifilosofi zakudala. Kodwa-ke, i-chemistry kule mboni yaqala ukusetshenziswa kamuva nje, eminyakeni engaba ngu-150 edlule. Futhi ukulungiswa kokuqala kotshwala lwaseBordeaux kwenzeka ngo-1885 sibonga umFulentshi u-Alexander Millarde. Wakha le fungicide ephumelelayo kakhulu ukuvikela izivini esesifo esibizwa ngokuthi isikhutha.
Ukwakhiwa kwamanzi e-Bordeaux kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu: i-vitriol yethusi, i-quality quicklime kanye namanzi. Esikhathini esisodwa sokudla kwe-lime namanzi, okuthiwa ubisi lwe-lime ulungisiwe, futhi kwenye indawo ngamanzi ashisayo, i-sulfate yethusi iyakhiwe. Izitsha ezisetshenzisiwe kufanele zibe yizibuko, noma zokhuni, noma ubumba, noma zikhishwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwamathini amaketanga nama-decoctions ayamukeleki, ngaphandle kwezinto ezenziwe ngethusi.
Lapho uhlanganisa izingxenye, i-vitriol yethusi ehlanjululwayo ithuliswa ubisi lwe-lime ngomfudlana omncane, kuyilapho le nhlanganisela iqhutshwa ngephini lokugubha ngamapulangwe. Ngenxa yalokho, kufanele kutholakale uketshezi wombala omuhle okwesibhakabhaka nombala okwesibhakabhaka. Ukunakwa sicela! Uma upheka, zombili izingxenye ze-Bordeaux liquid kumele zibanda futhi zixhumane ncamashi njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla, hhayi ngokuphambene nalokho. Ungabheka ukungathathi hlangothi kokuphendula ngephepha le-litmus nanoma iyiphi into ensimbi, ummese, u-nail, ucingo, okubaluleke kakhulu, kufanele ahlanzeke. Uma ucezu lwephepha noma ummese uhlotshiswe ngombala obomvu obomvu, ubisi oluketshezi kufanele bufakwe kuze kube yilapho umonakalo ubonakala. Uma kungenjalo, ungashisa amahlamvu ezithenda zezitshalo bese beke besaphinde bafe ngenxa yefungi, kodwa kusukela ekulahlekelweni komqhele. Futhi manje ake sibone ukuthi singalungisa kanjani amanzi e-Bordeaux ngamaphesenti.
Indlela yokwenza i-1% ne-3% ye-Bordeaux liquid?
Ukuze uthole amalitha ayi-10% we-Bordeaux liquid, thatha 100 g we-sulfate yethusi kanye no-100-120 g we-quicklime. I-sulphate ye-Copper kuqala uthele i-litre elilodwa lamanzi ashisayo bese uvuselela, bese kuthi ngamanzi abandayo uletha lesi sombululo kumthamo wama-5 amalitha. Esikhathini esitsheni esisodwa, ilitha elilodwa lamanzi ashisayo, cima i-lime futhi ulethe ivolumu yayo ku-5 amalitha ngamanzi abandayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emva kokupholisa izixazululo zombili ngangokunokwenzeka, kancane kancane, uphuthukise njalo, uthele i-Vitriol ku-lime futhi, uphinde uhlanganise yonke into kahle, hlola ingxube yokusabela kwethusi. Uma ukhona, uthele ubisi lwe-lime. Ngokuvamile, le ngxenye kufanele ilungiselelwe okwesithathu ngaphezu kwe-sulfate yethusi. Vumela umuthi ube buthakathaka kancane kunalokho oyifunayo, kunokuba amahlamvu ashise. Ukuze ulungiselele u-3% we-Bordeaux liquid of the volume efanayo, kufanele uthathe 300 g we-sulfate yethusi, 350-450 g we-lime, amalitha ayishumi amanzi bese uphinda izinyathelo ezingenhla.
Isicelo se-Bordeaux liquid
I-fungicide ekulungiswe njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla isetshenziselwa ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo nezihlahla ezivela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene zefungal. Ukucubungula i-Bordeaux apula, eliphakathi kwe, amagilebhisi, i-currant, i-ugqumugqumu nezinye izitshalo kuzobakhulula kusuka esikhaleni, i-powdery isikhutha, i-phytophthora, i-mosaic ring ne-rot ehlukahlukene. Qala ukuphalaza kusukela entwasahlobo, kuze kufike izimbali. Ngesikhathi sezimbali kanye ne-fruiting, ukwelashwa kumisiwe futhi kuvuselelwe ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba ngemva kokuvuna. Manje ubona ukuthi ukwazi ukupheka nokusebenzisa i-Bordeaux liquid kuyinto insindiso yangempela engadini yakho.