Ngendlela ingane ikhulisa isisindo somzimba, umuntu angakwazi ukwahlulela ngesimo sempilo yakhe. Ukutholakala kwesisindo ezinsaneni kuxhomeke ezintweni eziningi: inani nemvelo yokudla, ukutholakala kokukhubazeka okungenasifo ( ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo , uhlelo lokugaya ukudla), ukubekezelelana ngokweqile kwama-amino acid noma i-lactose ngenxa yokuntuleka kwama-enzyme. Okulandelayo, sizocabangela izinga lokunciphisa isisindo ezinsaneni, futhi futhi yiziphi izimo isisindo somntwana esingase sibe ngaphezu kwesimiso.
Ithebula lokuthola isisindo ezinganeni ngezinyanga
Ochwepheshe be-WHO baye bahlakulela imigomo yokwandisa isisindo sezingane ngezinyanga, ezivunyelwe ukushintsha okuncane. Ngakho, isibonelo, abazali abade banezingane ezinkulu, futhi bangathola isisindo esiningi. Futhi, ngokufanayo, kubazali abancane, izingane zizalwa ezincane futhi zingasebenzisa ezinye izingane ezimbalwa. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zizalwa ngesisindo sika 2650 kuya ku-4500 kg. Futhi ngesonto lokuqala lingalahlekelwa ngu-10% wesisindo somzimba. Ngokwesilinganiso, isigamu sokuqala ngonyaka umntwana usu-800 amagremu ngenyanga, okuboniswa kwifomula:
Isisindo somzimba = isisindo somzimba ekuzalweni (g) + 800 * N, lapho uN n inani lezinyanga.Kusukela ngenyanga yesikhombisa yokuphila, inzuzo yesisindo iyancishiswa kakhulu futhi inqunywe ifomula elandelayo:
Isisindo somzimba = isisindo somzimba ekuzalweni (g) + 800 * 6 (isisindo esitholwe yingane ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala) + 400 * (N-6), lapho uN n inani lezinyanga kusuka ku-6 kuya ku-12.Kodwa-ke, izingane zakudala azilinganisi isisindo somzimba wengane ngokwehlukana, kodwa isilinganiso sendawo-kuya-ukuphakama (inkomba yokukhula-mass), okunikeza izizathu zokukhuluma ngokuvumelana kokuthuthukiswa kwengane. Ithebula elilandelayo libonisa izinga lokukhula nokuzuza kwesisindo kwezingane WHO.
Izinguquko ekuzuzeni isisindo ezinganeni
Ngifuna nje ukuphawula ukuthi ukuzalwa kwengane enkulu (ngaphezu kuka-4.5 kg) kungenzeka kubazali abanomkhuba wokwandisa ushukela wegazi. Futhi ukuzalwa kwezingane eziphelile ze-hypotrophic kukhuluma ngokungafinyeleli kahle kwe- fetoplacental , ukutheleleka kwe-intrauterine nokukhubazeka kwezitho zangaphakathi.
Ukwanda kwesisindo somntwana kuxhomeke enhlobo yokudla. Ngakho-ke, izinsana ngokubeletha ezimweni eziningi ziyabhalwa ngokwetafula, futhi abantu abenza izinto zokufakelwa ngokuvamile bakhulu kunabo ontanga. Uma kungekho ubisi ngokwanele kusuka kumama noma uma ungahlangabezane nokubunjwa okufanele, usana lungase lungatholi isisindo esanele. Isisindo esikhulu sesisindo somzimba emntwaneni singakhuluma nge-pathology ye-cardiovascular, respiratory and endocrine system.
Ngingayitshela kanjani ukuthi ingane isondeza kabi?
Oomama abasha kaningi abakwazi ngokushesha ukubona ukuthi umntwana wabo ulahlekelwa ubisi okuwukuthi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukunaka ukuziphatha kwengane. Uma umntwana edla, angakwazi ukulala ngokuthula kuze kufike emahoreni amathathu, futhi ngisho noma ephapheme, akabonisi ukucasuka. Ingane elambile ilele isikhathi esincane, bese ivuka futhi idinga enye yokudla.
Ngakho-ke, sihlolisise ukuthi ingane encane kufanele iqashwe kanjani ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Uma ingane ingatholi isisindo, kufanele uxoxe nodokotela wezingane ukuthola ukuthi kungani imbangela. Uma imbangela yokuthola isisindo esanele ngokwanele i-hypogalactia, udokotela uzokusiza ukukhetha ingxube enhle futhi anikeze izincomo ekudleni okuxubekile, kanye nokweluleka imithi ukukhuthaza ukukhwabanisa.