Umsebenzi we-nervous high (GNI) yinqubo ye-neurophysiological eyenzeka ku-cortex kanye ne-subcortex esiseduze yobuchopho phakathi nezinqubo ezihlukahlukene ezihambisana nezimo ezibucayi. Lezi zinqubo zihlanganisa ukwakheka, ukusebenza nokuphela kwezinkomba, hhayi kuphela kubantu, kodwa nasezilwaneni. Izici zomsebenzi ophezulu wesifo somuntu zafundwa futhi zahlukaniswa yi-IP Pavlov.
Umsebenzi ophakeme wesaba womuntu yisisekelo
Okokuqala, imibono eyisisekelo yomsebenzi omkhulu wezinzwa ihlanganisa uxhumano lwesikhashana kanye ne-reflex conditioned. Kubonakala ukuthi, ngokuyinhloko, umsebenzi womnyango ngamunye we-CNS womuntu uguquguqukile futhi wenza imisebenzi yesignali, evumela umzimba ukuba uphendule kwisimo esithintekayo, okungukuthi umzimba wezenzo eziphakeme zezinzwa.
Njengoba imfundiso yomsebenzi ophakeme wesaba ithi, iqukethe izinqubo ezimbili: ukukhathazeka nokuvimbela. Owokuqala wabo unikeza isisekelo sokwakheka kokuxhumana okwesikhashana kanye nezimo ezibukeka kahle, kodwa uma kwenzeka ukuthi i-reflex efakwe ekugcineni ihlala ingavunyelwe, ukuphela kwayo kuvele. Lokhu kukhula kuyinkqubo yokuvimbela.
Ukuphindaphindiwe komsebenzi ophazamisayo ophezulu
Yenza imithetho emihlanu kuphela, eyakha izici zemisebenzi ephakeme yokwesaba. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izitatimende ezilandelayo:
- lapho ukungahambisani nokungathathi hlangothi kuqiniswa ngokungavumelani, ukuxhunywa kwesikhashana okusha kwenziwa;
- uma ukuvuselelwa okufakiwe akuqinisekisiwe yi-unconditioned, ukuxhumeka kwesikhashana kuzokufa;
- kunoma yikuphi ukuxilongwa nokuhlushwa kwezinqubo zezinzwa kuyimpoqo;
- Izinqubo zezinzwa zixhunywe ngokuhlanganiswa komphakathi;
- ukwakheka kwezinkolelo eziguquguqukayo, eziyizinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinamandla zokucabanga.
Umsebenzi ophazamisayo ophakeme njalo uhambisana nale mithetho, futhi lokhu akuyona nje kuphela abantu, kodwa futhi nezilwane, njengoba uPavlov efakaza nenja yakhe edumile iPavlov.
Izinhlobo zemisebenzi ephakeme yokwesaba
Ukuziphatha kanye nomsebenzi ophazamisayo ophezulu akuhlanganiswa kahle. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa ngombono wezinhlobo ze-GNI, okungukuthi inani eligcwele lezinto zokuzalwa ezingezansi futhi ezitholakalayo zesimiso sezinzwa. Kuncike ekuhambeni kwezinqubo zokudabuka nokuvinjelwa, uPavlov uhlukanise izinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko, ezihluke ekukwazi ukuvumelanisa nesimo nokucindezeleka.
- Uhlobo lwe-GNI luyisimo esinqunyiwe esingavamile (i-choleric). Ukujabula okukhulu, ukuvinjelwa ngokweqile, ezimweni ezinzima ezibhekene nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene zesifo sokukhathazeka. Uma ufisa, kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi ophezulu wezinzwa, ukuvivinya umzimba nokuwuphucula kakhulu.
- Thayipha i-GNI inert elinganisiwe (i-phlegmatic). Lolu hlobo lubhekene nezinqubo eziqinile kokubili ukukhathazeka nokuvinjelwa, nakuba kulokhu kungenakuqhathaniswa, futhi ukushintsha kusuka kwenye inqubo eya kwenye kunzima kakhulu.
- Thayipha i-GNI mobile elinganiselayo (isondo). Lolu hlobo lubonakala ngezinqubo ezifanayo ezinamandla zokuzijabulisa nokuvinjelwa, uma nje zihamba kahle kakhulu futhi zihamba kahle, ezivumela umuntu ukuba ashintshe kalula, azivumelanise nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezindawo kanye nokuzimela emimweni engamanga.
- Uhlobo lwe-GNI lubuthakathaka (luncibilika). Kulesi simo, izinqubo zombili zezinzwa zibuthakathaka, okwenza umuntu kube nzima ukuvumelanisa nemvelo futhi akwazi ukubhekana nezinkinga eziningi zesifo.
Imfundiso yezinhlobo zemisebenzi yokwesaba yenza kube lula ukutadisha ngokujulile izinqubo zengqondo futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni isayensi yesimanje.