Ukungena ezemidlalo, ngisho, kubonakala sengathi, ephephile, asiqinisekisiwe ngokulimala. Noma kunjalo, singathola esimweni lapho umuntu edingeka khona ukunikeza usizo lokuqala uma kwenzeka ukulimala ngaphambi kokufika odokotela. Cabanga ngokulimala esingabhekana nakho ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.
Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nezinhlobo zokulimala
Zonke ukulimala zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili:
- kuvulwa (ikhava yomzimba elimele);
- kuvaliwe (ukulimala kwangaphakathi, lapho ukuhlala khona kuqhubeka khona).
Ngokwemvelo yomonakalo wokulimala kungaba:
- ongashadile (uma isitho sinomonakalo);
- multiple (uchungechunge lomonakalo ofanayo);
- kuhlangene (ukulimala ohlelweni lwesishuloskeletal kanye nezitho zangaphakathi);
- kuhlangene (ukulimala okuvela ezicini ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezibuhlungu).
Ubukhulu bokulimala buhlukaniswe:
- amaphaphu (iziphazamiso, iziphuzo);
- maphakathi (ama-dislocations, ama-fractures);
- kakhulu (ingxabano).
Ngokusemthethweni senza ezemidlalo noma cha, kodwa maduze noma kamuva sizobhekana nokulimala kwezemidlalo. Ukulimala okunjalo kubangelwa ukuzikhandla ngokweqile ngokomzimba, okuholela ekulimazeni emathisini amisipha kanye namaxhunu. Lezi yizivunguvungu, i-sprains, i-dislocation, i-ligament rupture, i-fractures yamathambo, ukuhlukunyezwa okuhlangene.
Kuqembu elikhethekile lokulimala ungabona ukulimala kokujoyina. Lezi zingaba yimivimbo yezingxenye ezihlangene, iziphuzo kanye nemigqa yehlangene, ukuhlukaniswa. Noma ukulimala kakhudlwana - ukuhlukana kokujoyina.
Ngokulimala okunjalo, ama-capillari angase aqhume, ukuvuvukala kungenzeka, kuhambisane nokuvuvukala kanye ne-edema endaweni yokulimala. Ngakho-ke, usizo lokuqala olufanele ngesikhathi esifanele sokuhlukumezeka lusiza ukugwema imiphumela embi yokulimala, ngoba kungaba yingozi ngempela.
Usizo lokuqala uma kwenzeka ukulimala
Izimiso ezijwayelekile zokusiza:
- ukuqeda umthelela emzimbeni wezinto ezilimazayo, ukuhlola isimo sesisulu;
- ukucacisa isimo nesisindo sokulimala, usongo olukhulu nokuhambisana kokunakekelwa;
- ukwenza izinyathelo zokuhlinzeka usizo kumuntu ohlukunyezwe ngendlela yokuphuthuma;
- shayela i-ambulensi uma kudingeka.
Izimiso eziyisisekelo zosizo lokuqala:
- ngemivimbo ephoqa ukubopha ukucindezelwa, sebenzisa amakhaza, yenza ukuphumula;
- ngokulimala kwekhanda, "kubanda" kusetshenziswe ekhanda nokuphumula okuphelele kudala umuntu omele ngaphambi kokufika odokotela;
- ngokulimala komgogodla, ngobumnene (ukuze umzimba ungaphenduli) ukuguqula isisulu phansi, endaweni efanayo, ukuhambisa isisulu esibhedlela;
- kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwamalungu, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukungahambi kahle kwesilwane esilimele ngaphambi kokufika odokotela;
- lapho imigqa iswetshiwe (okuvame kakhulu emathanjeni e-ankle kanye nesibindi), usizo luhlanganisa ukubopha okuqinile, ukuqinisekisa ukuphumula nokusebenzisa amakhaza. Ilungu elilimazayo kufanele liphakanyiswe;
- kudingekile ukuhlinzeka ngamathambo ngendlela engafanelekiyo ngokusebenzisa amathayi akhethekile noma izindlela ezingalungile;
- ngokulimala okuhlanganyelwe kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba okuphelele kokujoyina ngaphambi kokufika kukadokotela;
- Amanxeba kufanele ahlanzwe nge-hydrogen peroxide futhi aphathwe nge-iodine.
Ukuvuselelwa emva kokudumala
Unganaki izincomo zodokotela ekuvuseleleni ngemuva kokulimala. Ukukhethwa kokuzivocavoca kanye nezinqubo ezikhethiwe kahle kunomthelela ekutholeni okusheshayo nokuhlanganiswa komphumela ositholile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Izindlela zokuvuselela zihlanganisa ukusikhipha umzimba, i-physiotherapy, i-physiotherapy, ukwelapha ngesandla, ukuvuselelwa kwe-biomechanical, njll.