Yini okufanele uyenze uma kwenzeka ubuthiwe ukugwema imiphumela embi?

Isimo sempilo ngesikhathi sokudakwa ngokwemvelo kunzima nakakhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele ukwenze ngobuthi obunobuthi, uqhuba usizo lokuqala lokuqala lwezokwelapha. Ngenxa yokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi amaningi, kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu, futhi kubalulekile ukuba namakhono adingekayo ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinkinga.

Ukudakwa ngokweqile

Ukuvusa ubuthi kungaba nezinto ezihlukahlukene ezingena emzimbeni noma ziyingxenye yemikhiqizo yokubola. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zingabonakala ukuthi izidakamizwa ezilandelayo, kuye ngezimbangela zalokho okwenzekayo.

1. Ukushisa nge-poison of plant origin and microorganisms.
2. Ukuxiliswa komzimba ngamanoni anezinsimbi ezisindayo (halogens, beryllium, arsenic, lead , cadmium, njll).
3. Ukudakwa ngokweqile kwenzeka ngokusetshenziswa kokudla okungcolile noma okokuqala kuhlolwe yizilwane ezihlukahlukene ze-pathogenic nezinobuthi.
4. Uketshezi lwe-Chemical uma usebenzisa amakhemikhali omkhaya.
5. I-Mercury poisoning ngesikhathi sokusebenza noma exhumana namadivayisi aqukethe le nto.
6. Ukuphuza utshwala uma kusetshenziswe ngokweqile iziphuzo eziphuza utshwala noma utshwala obudakayo usebenzisa i-methyl noma i-ethyl alcohol.
7. Ukushisa umndeni noma i- carbon monoxide .
8. Ukudakwa kwezidakamizwa, imbangela yayo ngokuvamile yokudla izidakamizwa ezingalawulwa nokungahambisani nomthamo onconywayo.
9. Ukudakwa ngokweqile kubangelwa isenzo sama-acids nama-alkali.

Izimpawu zobuthi

Izimpawu zokudakwa zixhomeke esibangelwa ubuthi, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa uhlobo olulodwa lwe-poisoning ngamunye. Izimpawu ezivame ukwedlula ubuthi, zibheke ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokudakwa:

• ukushisa okuphakeme;
• isicasuli;
• ubuhlungu besisu;
• ikhanda;
• ukuhlanza;
• isifo sohudo;
• isiyezi;
• izikhukhula;
• Ukwandisa ku-pulse noma ukwehlisa amandla;
• ubuhlungu obuthakathaka nokulala.

Ukushisa kokushisa

Uma sicabangela izibonakaliso zokudakwa komzimba, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe kuloluphawu njengokunyuka kokushisa komzimba. Lesi simo sibonisa ukuthi umzimba waqala ukulwa nezinto eziyingozi, okwenza isimo esingenakwenzeka ekusindeni kwezifo. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi akudingekile ukuletha phansi izinga lokushisa, elingekho amazinga angu-38, kodwa kuthiwani uma ukufundwa kwekholomu ye-mercury kudlula lo maki? Izimpawu zokudakwa zinezizathu zabo futhi ukubhekana nemiphumela ayifanele, ngakho-ke, kufanele sikwazi ukubhekana nezimbangela ngokwazo.

1. Ukungena kwe-adsorbents. Kudingeka ukuthi uphuze noma yisiphi isidakamizwa sokukhangisa, uma umthamo wokuqala ungasizi, kufanele uthathe okungaphezulu.
2. Gastric wash. Kubalulekile ukuphuza amanzi amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, kubandakanya ukuhlanza.
3. Ukuhlanza amathumbu nge-enema. Ngosizo lwamanzi afudumele kanye ne- enema, amathumbu ayahlanzwa. Yenza inqubo engcono emahoreni ambalwa okuqala.

Ukunciphisa ngesikhathi sesifo sobuthakathaka

Okufanele ukwenze ngobuthi obuhlungu, kuhambisane nokuhlanza - umbuzo wemvelo, ngoba uphawu olunjalo lungabangela ukungcola komzimba. Njengoba wazi, izibonakaliso zokuqala zokudakwa zihlanza, isizungu kanye nobuhlungu besisu. Kubalulekile ukulwa nombuso onjalo ngenxa yeso sizathu, ukuze ukwazi ukuwuthonya, hhayi emiphumeleni. Misa impendulo ye-refag gag ngokudakwa kungasiza:

1. Ukuhlanza isisu ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate.
2. Isixazululo se-soda ngezinhloso ezifanayo (20 g ngalinye ilitha lamanzi).
3. Ukumukelwa kwekhabhoni esebenzayo ngesilinganiso se-tablet eyodwa kuwo wonke ama-kilogremu ayisisindo.
4. Uma umzimba ulahla zonke izixazululo namalungiselelo athathwe, kungenzeka ukuba wenze umjovo wokulwa ne-Cerucal futhi emva kwesikhathi, uphinde uthathe izixazululo noma amaphilisi ane-absorbent.

Usizo lokuqala lokudla ubuthi

Ukuhlinzeka usizo lokuqala okokuqala uma kwenzeka ubuthi, umuntu kufanele azi ngezimbangela zokudakwa nokuthi kufanele akwenze kanjani esimweni ngasinye. Okudingayo ukwenza ubuthi kuqala kunquma ukutholakala kwezinto ezidingekayo ukuze uhlinzeke ngempumelelo ekusizeni. Kunoma yikuphi, kubalulekile ukuthola umuntu ohlukunyezwa ngokuthi kungenzeka yini izimbangela zakhe kuphela bese enza okuthile.

Ukudla Kwemfuyo

Isizathu esithandwa kakhulu sokudakwa yisifo sokudla. Ukuphulwa kwesitoreji kanye nezimo zokupheka, ukungahambisani nemigomo yokuhlanzeka, nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo engcolile kuvame ukuholela enobuthi. Wonke umuntu angazuza ngolwazi lokuthi angasiza kanjani ngalesi simo.

1. Gastric wash. Ngokuvamile kuyisixazululo sama-manganese (obuthakathaka) noma i-soda (kwelinye ilitha lahleza u-20 g we-soda). Uma ukuhlanza kwemvelo kungenzeki, khona-ke udinga ukuyibiza wena ngokwakho.
2. Isiphuzo esiningi. Ukuze ugweme ukuphelelwa yisisu futhi uthuthukise inqubo yokukhipha izinto ezinobuthi emzimbeni, kutuswa ukuba uphuze okuningi. Kungaba itiye elimnyama ngaphandle kokushukela, amanzi amaminerali ngaphandle kwegesi, amanzi abilisiwe, umhluzi we-chamomile.
3. Ukwamukelwa kwemithi. Le ndlela yezidakamizwa ezivuthayo (i-Almagel, i-Magnesia, i-Fosfalugel, njll) kanye nezixube (I-carbon, i-Enterosgel, i-Sorbek, njll njll).

Utshwala olunobuthi

Esinye imbangela evamile yobuthi kuwukudakwa ngokweqile, kuhambisana nokucabangela nokuhlanza, ubuthakathaka, futhi uma uthatha amanani amaningi nokulahlekelwa ukwazi. Imiphumela yokudakwa okunjalo ingaba yinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke, kuze kube yiphutha elibulalayo, kuncike ekutheni unamandla okunikeza usizo olufanele.

1. Into yokuqala okudingayo ukuqeda utshwala esisele esiswini sakho. Ngenxa yalokhu kuphuza ngamanzi amaningi (ungakwazi usawoti) futhi ubangele ukuhlanza.
2. Isigaba esilandelayo ukubuyiswa kwesilinganiso samanzi nosawoti emzimbeni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthatha iziphuzo eziqukethe electrolytes. Amanzi amaminerali afanelekayo ngaphandle kwegesi, isisombululo sikaRegidron.
3. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthatha imithwalo eyobopha futhi isuse ukususa izidumbu zemikhiqizo yokubola yotshwala emzimbeni.

Uma ubuhlungu obunobuthi neziphuzo eziphuza utshwala buholela ekulahlekelweni kolwazi, khona-ke inqubo yile ndlela elandelayo:

1. Shayela i-ambulensi.
2. Kubalulekile ukuzama ukuletha umuntu ngaphambi kokufika kwe-ambulensi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, nikeza i-ammonia ephunga futhi ugijime ngamandla lobes ezindlebeni.
3. Ukuzama ukukhipha ukuhlanza kumuntu ngaphandle kokuqaphela kuvunyelwe ngokuphelele! Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isisulu asihloni kahle ngenkathi sicwilisa ulimi kanye / noma singagxiliwe nokuhlanza, kufakwa endaweni ebanzi eceleni kwakhe. Izenzo ezinjalo zisebenza kuzo zonke izimo zokulahleka kokuqwashisa ngesikhathi sokudakwa.

Ukudakwa kwezidakamizwa

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yini ongayithatha uma usebenzisa izidakamizwa nokuthi yiziphi izenzo ozithatha kuleli cala. Ngokuzethemba kokudla izidakamizwa, inqubo yile ndlela elandelayo:

1. I-gastric ilahla ngokudla okunomsoco okwanele.
2. Ukwamukelwa kwezidakamizwa-iziphuzo: i-Enterosgel, i-Smekta, i-Fosfalugel, i-Sorbeks, i-Polysorb, i-Atoxil nabanye.
3. Isiphuzo esikhulu: amanzi abilisiwe noma amaminerali (ngaphandle kwegesi) noma itiye elimnyama elingashisi.

Ukufaka ushevu nge-acids nama-alkali

Ukwazi ukuthi ungenzani nokushisa, uma imbangela yayo ibonakala ku-alkali noma i-asidi, izosiza ukunikeza usizo olufanele kumuntu ohlukumezekile ngaphambi kokuba odokotela bafike. Lezi zidakamizwa zinzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa kokungenisa lezi zinto. Ukushiswa kwamakhemikhali ezinambuzane ezinamaqanda kanye nezitho zangaphakathi kungabangela ukuba i-asphyxia nokufa.

Ngaphambi kokufika kodokotela, kunikezwa usizo lokuqala uma kutholakala inhlayiya nge-acids:

1. Isisu sihlanjululwa nge probe besebenzisa isisombululo samagnesia okushiswa noma amanzi e-lame.
2. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukugeza nge-probe, udinga ukunikeza isisulu ukuthi siphuze izisulu ezivulayo ezizobe sezikhona: ama-broth, amaqanda abamhlophe, amafutha omifino, ubisi.
3. Ukuze unciphise ubuhlungu endaweni yesisu, ungasebenzisa okuthile okubandayo.
4. Kubalulekile! Isixazululo se-soda sokuhlanza asivunyelwe! Uma ubuthi nge-carbolic acid, ubisi namafutha nakho kuvunyelwe!

Uma kwenzeka ubuthi be-alkali, kubalulekile ukwenza lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Ngamahora amane okuqala, hlambulula isisu ngamanzi afudumele, ungeze i-citric acid noma i-acetic acid (1%).
2. Uma le nqubo ingenakwenzeka, bayavunyelwa ukuphuza noma yisiphi isisombululo esiphuthumayo, ijusi kalamula noma isixazululo se-acetic acid e-3%.
3. Kubalulekile! I-soda akufanele isetshenziselwe uketshezi lwe-alkali!

I-Mercury poisoning

Noma yikuphi ukudakwa kuyingozi, futhi ukushisa uketshezi ngamakhemikhali kungenye yezinkinga kakhulu, okwenza kube sengozini enkulu empilweni yabantu. Ngokudakwa okunjalo, kutuswa ukuthatha izinyathelo ezimbalwa, ngaphambi kokubhedlela.

1. Phuma emthonjeni we-poisoning.
2. Ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate, hlambulula isikhumba sonke esivele sikhombise kanye nezibungu zamangcwaba.
3. Hlanganisa isisu ngesisombululo esinomphumela omuhle we-potassium permanganate, uma kungenzeka.

Ubuthi ngegesi lomndeni

Wonke umuntu kufanele azi ukuthi kufanele akwenze kanjani nge-poisoning yegesi yasendlini, ngoba akekho olwaziyo ukuvuza. Ukufaka ushevu ngegesi kuhambisana nokukhwabanisa okwanda, ukushiswa kwamangqamuzana omuncu, ikhanda kanye nesiyezi. Endabeni yezibonakaliso ezinzima zokudakwa, lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo zisetshenziswa kulokhu:

1. Susa isisulu esakhiweni.
2. Nikeza ukufinyelela okuphezulu kwe-oxygen.
3. Beka phezulu, uphakamise imilenze yakho. Ngokuhlanza okuvulekile kufaka umuntu eceleni kwakhe.
4. Uma ukushiswa kwegesi kwenzeka, isisulu sihlaselwa esifubeni ukuze sithuthukise ukujikeleza kwegazi.
5. Nikeza isiphuzo esiningi.
6. Uma kungenzi lutho, ukuphefumula okufakelwayo.

I-Carbon monoxide poisoning

Uma kwenzeka uketshezi lwe-carbon monoxide, kuyadingeka ukwazi imithetho yokuhlinzeka ngosizo oluphuthumayo ngaphambi kokuba kufika odokotela nezibhedlela.

1. Kubalulekile ukuhola / ukuthatha umuntu ngaphandle emgwaqweni noma kwelinye igumbi futhi unikeze ukufinyelela oksijini, kunika ukukhwabanisa kwe-ammonia.
2. Ungavumeli umuntu alele, kodwa uma ukuqaphela kuqedwa, bese wenza ukuphefumula okufakelwayo.
3. Banike izidakamizwa ze-sorbing.

Uketshezi - ukwelashwa

Ngomzimba noma yikuphi ukudakwa kuyingozi, ukwelashwa okumele kuqalwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Imiphumela ye-poisoning ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zezempilo, njengoba njalo ezimweni ezinjalo izitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo zomzimba wethu zihlupheka. Ukwelashwa kunqunywe kucatshangelwa izinto ezibangelwa ukudakwa. Uma ukuchaza izindlela ezijwayelekile zokwelapha, kusetshenziswe ku-poisonings ehlukene, ngokuyisisekelo:

1. Gastric ukugeza nge izixazululo ezithathwe ngomlomo noma nge probe.
2. Ukudla kwezidakamizwa ezisiza ukukhipha emzimbeni ubuthi obuyingozi kanye nezinto ezinobuthi.
3. Buyisela ukulinganisela kwamanzi usawoti emzimbeni ukuze ugweme ukungcola amanzi futhi uthuthukise ukususwa kwezinto ezilimazayo.
4. Ukubuyiselwa kwe-microflora yamathumbu .
5. Ukuhlinzeka ngokuphumula nokuphumula okufaneleko ukuze kutholakale ngokushesha.

Imiphumela ye-poisoning

Noma yikuphi ukuphuza ngokweqile kungaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni yabantu, okudingeka ukwazi ukuze ugweme izimo ezithwala ingozi yokudakwa.

1. Uma ubuthi obubangelwa amakhemikhali, ama-poisoni, amagesi, kungase kube nokuphazanyiswa emsebenzini wezinhlelo nezitho zomzimba: ukungahambi kahle kwemvelo emisebenzini yesibindi, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, izinkinga nge-gallbladder, isifo sokuqina kwamathambo e-atheraclerosis yezitsha.
2. Utshwala obunobuthi lungathinta ngokuphelele noma yiziphi izinhlelo kanye nezitho, konke kuxhomeke kohlobo lophuza, izinga lokushisa kanye nezici zomuntu ngamunye.
3. Uketshezi kokudla kuyingozi ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka enhlabathini yabo ekuthuthukiseni izifo ezihlukahlukene ezingapheli zendlela yokugaya. Bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi ukwedlula ngokweqile, ukwelashwa kwemithi, izinkinga ezihlangene, isifo sikashukela kanye nokungafani okuhlukahlukene emsebenzini wezitho zangaphakathi kungaba nemiphumela yokudla kwesifo esidayiswayo ngaphambili.