Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, izicubu ze-epithélial zesikhumba kanye nezibungu ezinamangqamuzana ngezinye izikhathi ziba yizicucu ezimbi. Lezi zicubu zivame kakhulu kubantu baseCaucasia abaneminyaka yobudala (emva kweminyaka engama-60-65). Uma kunesimo sezinto eziphilayo, kutholakala ukuthi kukhona ezinganeni.
Squamous cell carcinoma - ukuxilongwa
I-pathology echazwe kakhulu iqhubekela phambili masinyane futhi ibuye ibuye ibuye ibuye ibuye ibuye ibuye ibuye ibuye ibuye ibuye ibuye ibuye ibuye ibuye ibuye ibuye ibuye ibuye iqale imithi. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngesisekelo sokuhlolwa kwesiguli kanye ne-anamnesis ngencazelo eningiliziwe yezimpawu ezitholakalayo. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza yi-squamous cell carcinoma, elibukeka njengendwangu enkulu. Kunzima ukuyihlukanisa nokukhula okunamandla, ngenxa yokuthi ikwazi ukukhulula ama-metastase ezithombeni eziseduze nezitho zomzimba.
Ukudalula i-carcinoma nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza kwenziwa izifundo eziningi:
- Ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi abilayo (umchamo, igazi);
- i-biopsy;
- iphaneli yezinto eziphilayo;
- resonance magnetic kanye tomography computed ;
- i-radiography;
- ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound.
Ihlukaniswe kakhulu i-squamous cell carcinoma
Ezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezakhiweni nasesakhiweni cishe zifana nezicubu ezinempilo, ngesisekelo esakhula kuso. Izinhlobo ezinjalo ze-neoplasms ezingokwemvelo zibizwa ngokuthi zihlukene kakhulu. Lezi zidumbu ze-cell squamous kunzima ukubona, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa kwegazi okhethekile kwasungulwa ukukhomba izinto ezithile ezibona kuphela izicubu ezitholakalayo. Ngesikhathi sokucwaninga, i-squamous cell carcinoma antigen ifunwa ku-fluid yemvelo. Ama laboratories wezokwelapha abeka le marker njenge-abbreviation SCC noma SCCA.
Ihlukaniswe ngokulinganayo i-squamous cell carcinoma
Ifomu elinikezwayo lama-neoplasms liqukethe amangqamuzana ashintshiwe. I-tumors enjalo kulula ukuyihlolisisa ngenxa yesakhiwo sabo esithile nokuhlukaniswa okungalawulwayo. Umdlavuza ohlukanisa ngokulinganayo uphinde ukhethe i-SCCA ye-squamous cell carcinoma antigen, kodwa ngenani elikhulayo. Ukuxilongwa kwamakhamera okuphezulu kuhlinzeka ngokutholakala kokuqala kokugula kanye nokuqaliswa kokwelapha okwesikhashana.
I-squamous cell carcinoma ehluke kakhulu
Lesi yisisu esilula kakhulu sokuxilongwa. Kuyinto izicubu ezihluke kakhulu eziphilile. I-squamous cell carcinoma ehlukanisiwe kakhulu iqukethe amangqamuzana angenalutho, angalingani nama-cores angenasici. Esikhathini salo, izicubu ezivamile azikho ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke i-neoplasm ecacisiwe ibonakala ngokushesha nge-biopsy noma ezinye izindlela zokuphenya.
Umdlavuza we-squamous squamous keratinizing
Uma isilwane se-pathological shintsha, siqala ukuhlukanisa ngezikhathi ezithile, ukwakha ama-clones angasebenzi. Uma i-squamous cell carcinoma iqala nge-cornification, ezinye izicubu zomzimba ziqala ukufa. Amaseli e-clone ahanjisiwe alahlekelwa amandla okuhlukanisa futhi aqoqe i-keratin. Lokhu kubonakala sengathi kubonakala ku-neoplasm yama-crusts obukhulu bombala ophuzi.
Umdlavuza wesigqebha ongenakutshaliswa
Esikhathini esichazwe, ukwehlukaniswa okungalawulwa kweli cell ku-ungqimba oguguzayo nakho kwenzeka, kodwa ama-clones awafi. I-carcinoma engavamile yokubambisana ibhekwa njengelona hlobo olubi kakhulu lomdlavuza, ngoba ukukhula okusheshayo kuqhubeka njalo. Amaseli aguqulwe ngamathambo awaqoqi i-keratin, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ahlanganisa futhi aqale amametasethi kuma-lymph nodes nezitho ezingomakhelwane.
I-Squamous cell carcinoma yesikhumba
Iningi (cishe ama-90%) lamacala okuxilongwa okukhulunywe ngawo kuhlanganisiwe eqenjini lezicubu ezihamba phambili. Ama-neoplasms avela kakhulu ezingxenyeni eziveziwe zomzimba ovezwe emisebeni ye-ultraviolet (ubuso, intamo nezandla). I-Squamous cell carcinoma - izimpawu:
- ukukhula noma ukuguqulwa kwesimo, umbala we- birthmark , ama-warts;
- ukukhathazeka ekujuleni kwesisu;
- itching;
- inzwa yokushisa ngezikhathi ezithile;
- ubomvu ezungeze indawo ethintekile;
- ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba esiseduze;
- ukwephulwa kozwela endaweni yokulimala.
I-squamous cell carcinoma yomlomo wesibeletho
Indawo ephawulekayo yokukhula kwalesi sifo yisifunda sokuguquka kwesibhakabhaka se-multilayer epithelium sibe yi-epithelium eyinkimbinkimbi. Izazi ze-gynecologists ziphakamisa ukuthi i-squamous cell carcinoma yomlomo wesibeletho ivela emlandweni wepillomavirus yomuntu oqhubekayo. Lokhu ukutheleleka kufomu elingapheli kutholakale ku-75% weziguli ezine-pathology echazwe. Isifo somdlavuza wesibeletho esingasenakulinganiswa esivamile singavamile, ngoba isakhiwo se-epithelium multilayer sibeka amangqamuzana ekukhoneni okungalawulwayo. Izimpawu ezingavamile azifani neze:
- ukuphuma kwegazi ngemva kokusondelana;
- ukuhlunguphaza okuhlala njalo esifundeni sesishicilelo;
- ukwephulwa kwe-defecation;
- ukulimaza ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuya esikhathini;
- ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokulala;
- izinkinga zokuvuthwa.
I-Squamous cell carcinoma yamaphaphu
Loluhlobo lwe-neoplasm lukhula kancane kunezinye izinhlobo zesifo futhi isikhathi eside asihambisani nanoma yimaphi izimpawu. I-squamous cell carcinoma yamaphaphu inezinhlangothi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngokuvamile ikhula emmpandeni welungu (cishe ngamacala angu-70%), ngezinye izikhathi isifo sikhombisa ukuthi kukhona odongeni lobuchopho. Njengoba usayizi landa, izicubu zomdlavuza zivimbela (ukuvimbela) umzila wokuphefumula. Ngokufanayo, yakha izingcingo ezine-necrosis phakathi nendawo futhi ivumela imitha yamandla amaningi.
I-pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma inesithombe somtholampilo:
- ukukhwehlela owomile isikhathi eside;
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi;
- ukubandakanyeka njalo kwe-pneumonia nezinye izifo ezivuthayo;
- inzwa yokuntuleka komoya;
- ukuphefumula.
I-Squamous cell carcinoma ye-larynx
Uhlobo oluchazwe lwe-tumor elibulalayo lungaba izinhlobo ezimbili:
- I-infiltrative-ulcerative noma i-endophytic squamous cell carcinoma ye-larynx - kuqala i-knot encane encane ivela epithelium, ekugcineni igundane. Ngemva kwesikhashana, umkhawulo owakhelwe ngemiphumela efanayo uphinde wenziwe. Ama-ulcers ajule futhi ahlangane, enza indawo enkulu yomonakalo.
- I-tumor squamous cell carcinoma (i-exophytic carcinoma). I-neoplasm inebukeka be-semicircle enkulu enesisekelo esihamba kancane. Ikhuphuka ngokushesha ngokuphakama, ingafakwa ngamaseli ama-yellow horny, izilinganiso nezakhiwo ezinamafutha.
Izici zobunjwa:
- ukuzwakalisa izwi;
- i-aphonia;
- ukuphefumula;
- ukukhwehlela owomile;
- inzwa yokuba khona kwezinto zangaphandle emqaleni (inhla);
- i-hemoptysis.
I-squamous cell carcinoma yesifo
Ingozi yokutholakala kwalolu hlobo lwe-neoplasm eyingozi iyanda nge- reflux isifo esiqhubekayo se-gastroesophageal . Ngokumelene nokwedlulela kokukhipha ijusi esiswini esiswini, isakhiwo esincane sezingqimba ezindongeni zayo, kancane kancane sifinyelela usayizi othakazelisayo. Ngenxa yezibonakaliso ezingekho emthethweni, ukwelashwa kwe-squamous cell carcinoma ngokuvamile kuqala kakade emazingeni aphansi. Izimpawu Ezivamile:
- ubuhlungu esifundeni se-thoracic of character compressive;
- i-dysphagia (ubunzima bokugwinya);
- ukuhlanza igazi;
- iphunga elimnandi ekuthumeni, ikakhulukazi uma isisu sinesifo socansi noma ukutheleleka kwesibindi sekuhlangene;
- ukubopha ngezingcezu zokudla;
- i-heartburn;
- Igazi liphuma emanzini.
I-Squamous cell carcinoma ye-rectum
I-tumor ye-localization echazwe ngokwezibonakaliso zemitholampilo ifana kakhulu nama-hemorrhoids, ngakho-ke iziguli ziya ku-oncologist sezivele seziqhamuka ukuqhubeka kwezempilo. I-carcinoma ye-rectum ivame ukuhlanganiswa neminye imonakalo yomzimba - ukuphazamisa ku-anus, ukuvuvukala nokuhlushwa kwemithanjeni. Izimpawu ezicacile:
- ukuzwa komzimba wangaphandle emkhathini;
- itching ngaphakathi noma eduze anus;
- ubuhlungu ku-anus;
- izinkinga nge-defecation, ikakhulukazi ukuqotshwa noma ukushintshaniswa kwabo nesifo sohudo;
- "Izimvu zezimvu" - isihlalo ngesimo samabhola amancane ezinzima;
- Ukwehlisa ubuhlungu kwesisu esisenhla kwesokunxele;
- ukuphuma kwegazi ngemva kokukhishwa kwamathumbu, uketshezi lwezinto eziphilayo lubomvu, luyakwazi ukumboza indaba yefecal;
- ukukhathazeka ngokuhlala nokuhamba.
I-squamous cell carcinoma yolimi
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-anatomical ze-tumor enjalo:
- I-Infiltrative. Ukukhula kubonakala njengophawu, ukuphakama okufanayo kuya kwezicubu ezinempilo. Umdlavuza we-squamous infiltrative isifo sofuba, sinezimingcele eziphazamisayo futhi sikhuthaza ubuhlungu obukhulu bezinhlungu ngesikhathi sokunyakaza nokulunywa kolimi.
- Ulcerative. Esigodini kukhona okokuqala ukuguguleka okuncane, okwenyuka kancane kancane nokwandisa.
- Papillary. I-squamous cell carcinoma ibonakala ngokucacile, i-tumor inehlobo lebhola, ngokucacile ihamba phambili ngaphezu kwe-epithelium evamile. Lolu hlobo lwe-neoplasm lukhula kancane kunezinhlobo ezingenhla.
I-Cancer yolimi - izimpawu:
- ubuhlungu emgodini womlomo;
- izilonda ezingezona ukuphulukisa ebusweni;
- evutha emlonyeni;
- itching;
- ukuphefumula kwe-putrefactive;
- ukuphuma kwegazi;
- kunzima ukuvula umlomo nokudla;
- salivation;
- ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo;
- ukuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala kobuso, intamo;
- ukukhulula nokulahlekelwa kwamazinyo;
- izinsini zokuphuma;
- ukutholakala kwezimpawu noma amafindo emlonyeni.