I-carcinoma yomlomo wesibeletho ibhekisela ezifweni ezibulalayo endaweni yesifazane. Lesi yisikhathi sesibili esilandelayo ngemva komdlavuza webele, ukukhubazeka kwemvelo kubesifazane. Amakhansela okwakhiwa komlomo wesibeletho anemihlobo emibili:
- izicubu ze-squamous cell (amacala angu-90%);
- i-adenocarcinoma yomlomo wesibeletho (engavamile, engekho kuka-20% kuwo wonke amacala).
Izimbangela ze-carcinoma yomlomo wesibeletho
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi i-neoplasms ebulalayo ibangelwa ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo zamaseli ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezingaphandle zangaphandle nezangaphakathi zomzimba. Lezi zici zihlanganisa:
- ukutholakala kwamagciwane e-carcinogenic emzimbeni (i-herpes ne-papillomavirus);
- imikhuba emibi, ikakhulukazi ukubhema;
- impilo yokulala ngokocansi kanye nokuziphatha okubi;
- umonakalo embelethweni ngesikhathi sokubeletha, ukukhipha isisu, ukungenelela kwezokwelapha.
Izimpawu Nokuthola I-Carervoma Yesibeletho
Ingozi yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho yilezi ezingeni zokuqala, lapho amathuba okuthola ukwelashwa okuphelele aphezulu, ingaba yinto engavamile. Uma inqubo isivele iqhubeka, kungase kube nezibonakaliso ezifana nalezi:
- ukubona phakathi kokuya esikhathini, emva kokulala;
- ubuhlungu endaweni ye-pelvic, esiswini esingaphansi;
- ukubonakala kokuvuvukala endaweni ye-lymph nodes.
I-carcinoma ikhonjelwa ikakhulukazi phakathi nokuhlolwa okuvamile neziganga zezinzwa. Ukuvakashelwa odokotela njalo kwenza kube lula ukubona kusengaphambili ukuthuthukiswa kwe-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho , ehlobene nemibandela eqondile.
Ukubonakala kwezibonakaliso ze-atypia kumaseli omlomo womlomo wesibeletho kubonisa isigaba saso somdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, okunye okubizwa ngokuthi i-carcinoma esandulele noma i-cervical carcinoma in situ. Lesi sigaba sibonakala ukungabi khona kokuhluma kwe-atypia emigqeni ejulile yomlomo wesibeletho.
Ukuntula ukwelashwa kwe-carcinoma engakafiki kuholela ukungena kancane kancane komdlavuza entanyeni. Uma i-infestation isasencane, kufika ku-3 mm, bese ukhuluma nge-microcarcinoma yomlomo wesibeletho, okwamanje onamandla kakhulu okwelapha.
Ukuhlolwa okuvimbela umlomo wesibeletho ngezibuko zesisu kudla indima ebalulekile ekutholeni ukuhlolwa kwesifo, futhi kwenziwa olunye ucwaningo: ukuhlolwa kwe-oncocytology (i-Papanicolau test), i- colposcopy , i-biopsy.
Ukwelashwa kwe-carcinoma yomlomo wesibeletho
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kunqunywe kucatshangelwa isiteji salo, indawo yangakini, ukuqina komkhakha. Uneminyaka yowesifazane, isifiso sakhe sokuba umama siphinde sicabange.
Ezimweni ezingekho ezinzima, abesifazane abasha bangasuswa ngokususwa kwezicubu ezithintekayo ngokufaka umlomo wesibeletho, izindlela zokusakaza zomsakazo ezilandelwa yi-chemotherapy kanye nokwelapha imishanguzo.
Abesifazane kusukela eminyakeni yobudala kanye nezifo ezithuthukisiwe kuboniswa ukwelashwa okuhlinzekwayo, ngokuvamile isisu sisuswa kanye nesisu sonke. I-radiation kanye ne-chemotherapy zisetshenziselwa ukuphulukisa ukwelashwa okuphelele, ukuvimbela ukuphindaphinda kwe-tumor nokuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa kwezinye izitho.