Ama-leukocytes egazini, okujwayelekile okwakhiwa ososayensi, amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe ngaphandle kombala ozimele. Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko uyisivikelo. Ama-leukocyte ahlanganyela ekuvikeleni umzimba kuzo zonke izimo zangaphandle nezangaphakathi, futhi ukushintsha inombolo yabo kungaholela emiphumeleni engathandeki kakhulu.
Ayini amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi?
Cishe wonke umuntu unomqondo walawa maseli wegazi. Ama-leukocytes egazini, okujwayelekile okungafani nokuguga, yizona amangqamuzana abaluleke kunazo zonke esimisweni somzimba sokuzivikela. Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukuvikela umzimba emzimbeni wangaphandle nangaphakathi. Hambisa umzimba hhayi kuphela ngegazi. Bangakwazi ukungena ezindongeni zamasongo zibe izicubu nezitho. Bese ubuyela esiteshini. Uma i-leukocytes egazini ibonisa ingozi, iya endaweni efanele. Ukuhamba ngezicubu ezisizwa ngama-pseudopods.
Ama-leukocytes egazini, okujwayelekile kuwo wonke ochwepheshe, ukuthatha amangqamuzana angase abe yingozi, uwagcoke bese efa. Ngaphezu kokubhujiswa kwama-particle alien, ama-corpuscle amhlophe asebenzisa zonke izinhlobo zezingxenye ezingadingekile (njengezinhlamvu ezincane ezihlala noma ezifile amaseli egazi amhlophe). Omunye umsebenzi wale maseli ungabhekwa njengokukhiqizwa kwama-antibodies kuma-pathogenic elements, ngenxa yokuthi imiphi imishanguzo eyenziwa yizifo ezithile - lezo umuntu ayeke wazizwa ngazo ngaphambili.
Kukhona ama-leukocyte ahlukene egazini, okujwayelekile okungaqondiswa yilolu cwaningo. Futhi imisebenzi yabo ihlukile ngokuhlukile:
- Neutrophils. Amiswa emnothweni wethambo. Imisebenzi esemqoka yalezi zidumbu ukubandakanya ku-phagocytosis, ukuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa zokulwa namagciwane kanye nokuxoshwa kwe-detoxification.
- Lymphocytes. I-leukocyte ebaluleke kakhulu egazini kanye nokujwayelekile kwayo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okunempilo komzimba. Bahlale beqapha zonke izinhlelo kanye nezitho futhi babheka izidumbu ezingaphandle. Lawa maseli alandisa ngamaphesenti angama-35 ewonke lama-leukocytes.
- Ama-monocytes. Benza emzimbeni wonke. Iyakwazi ukuthatha izinhlayiya zesayizi elilinganayo.
- Basophils. Lezi zitho ziqukethe i-heparin ne-histamine. I-Basophils ihileleke ekuthuthukiseni ukwelashwa kwemithi.
- Ama-Eosinophils. Futhi uhlanganyele ekudalweni kwe-allergenic. Lapho kukhona izidumbu emzimbeni, ama-eosinophil awela emathunjini, aphethwe kuwo futhi ngaleyo ndlela afihle izidakamizwa ezikwazi ukubhubhisa ama-helminths.
Umkhuba we-leukocytes egazini
Amanani ajwayelekile eziguli ezihlukahlukene angahluka. Okuqukethwe kwe-leukocytes egazini kuthinta iminyaka, isikhathi sosuku, ukudla, uhlobo lomsebenzi. Uma kuhlaziywa, izinga lemzimba emhlophe likhonjiswa inani eliphelele lamanani omzimba omzimba. Ukuphambukiswa okuncane okuvela kumkhuba kuvunyelwe. Kodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu akubonakali noma iyiphi inkinga, kuphakanyiswa ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
Umkhuba we-leukocytes egazini labesifazane
Inombolo yamzimba emhlophe ingenye yezinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuhlaziyweni kwegazi lomuntu. Emzimbeni we-leukocyte omdala wesifazane kufanele avela ku-3.2 * 109 / L kuya ku-10.2 * 109 / L. Ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lamasosha omzimba kutholakala ezimweni ezimbili: ezifweni zegazi kanye nama-blood forming tisses kanye nezifo zezinye izinhlaka nezinhlelo. Inombolo yamagundane ithonywa yisigaba sokujikeleza kokuya esikhathini nesimo sangemuva. Ngoba i-leukocyte egazini ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa iyanqamuka, futhi kuvamile ukucatshangwa, uma izinga labo lifinyelela ku-15 * 109 / l.
Umkhuba we-leukocytes egazini lamadoda
Kulabo abamele ubulili obunamandla egazini kufanele kusuka ku-4 kuya ku-9 * 109 / L wamaseli amhlophe egazi. Izinga labo emzimbeni wesilisa liyahluka kancane uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amaqembu eziguli. Inani lama-leukocyte egazini lingathinteka yizici ezinjalo:
- umsebenzi ongavamile ngokomzimba;
- ukucindezeleka;
- ukushintsha ukudla.
Umkhuba we-leukocytes egazini lezingane
Uma ezilwaneni zabantu abadala inani lezimzimba ezimhlophe cishe lifanayo, khona-ke amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe egazini lomntwana ahluke kakhulu. Izinga labo lishintsha ngisho nangokweminyaka yabantwana:
- ezinganeni kuze kube yinyanga: 8 - 13 * 109 / l;
- ezinganeni ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezingu-12: 6 - 12 * 109 / l;
- ezinganeni kusukela ngonyaka owodwa kuya eminyakeni emithathu: 5 - 12 * 109 / l;
- ezinganeni ezineminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwengu-6: 5 - 10 * 109 / l;
- ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-6 kuya kwengu-16: 5 - 9.5 * 109 / l.
Ukwandiswa kwamangqamuzana omzimba omzimba kuhlongozwa ukuthi inani elikhulu lezinqubo ezihlukahlukene zenzeka emzimbeni wengane. Zonke izitho nezinhlelo zengane zakhiwa futhi zashintshwa ukuze ziphile ngaphandle kwesibeletho sikamama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, okwenza ukwanda kwama-leukocyte egazini. Njengoba bevuthwa, izinga labo liyehla. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kusho ukuthi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sithuthukile.
Ama-leukocytes egazini aphakanyisiwe
I-leukocytosis engokwemvelo ingenzeka kuzo zonke izidalwa, futhi lokhu akumeli ingozi yezempilo. Ngokuvamile ama-leukocyte aphakeme egazini abhekwa ezimweni ezicindezelayo. Lena i-leukocytosis yesikhashana, futhi ngokushesha nje lapho umuntu ebuyela esimweni sokuphumula, inani lamzimba emhlophe libuye libuyele evamile. Iziguli, njengomthetho, azibonanga izimpawu ezikhethekile ngokukhula kwamangqamuzana egazi amhlophe. Nakuba abanye bekhononda ngobuthakathaka, ukhathala okwedlulele, i-malaise.
Amanqamu amhlophe egazini egazini egazini - kusho ukuthini lokhu?
Izimbangela ze-leukocyte ephakeme egazini ngokuvamile zihlotshaniswa nokuba khona kwenqubo yokuvuvukala. Kungabangelwa izinqubo zomzimba nezifo. Ezimweni eziningi, uma ama-leukocyte egazini ekhuphuka, izizathu zalokhu zilandelayo:
- ukutheleleka (i-pneumonia, sepsis, i-meningitis, i- pyelonephritis nabanye);
- ukuvuvukala okubangelwa ama-microorganisms we-pathogenic (ama-abscesses, amathumba, i-phlegmon, i-peritonitis, i-appendicitis);
- uremia;
- i-coma yesifo sikashukela ;
- ukushisa okukhulu;
- ukuvuvukala okungenasifo (i- arthritis , i-lupus erythematosus);
- izicubu ezimbi;
- i-infarction ye-myocardial .
Kuthiwani uma amaseli egazi amhlophe ephakanyiswa egazini?
Ngokuyinhloko, ukwanda kwenani lamangqamuzana egazi elimhlophe kubonisa ukusebenza kahle kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela komzimba: baqaphela ingozi bese baqala ukulwa nayo. Ngakho-ke, akufaneleki ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuthi amangqamuzana aphezulu amhlophe egazi atholakala egazini. I-leukocytosis yezempilo ayithinti cishe noma yini. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kungani izinga labo likhulile - yiliphi inkinga eholele kulokhu. Futhi ngokushesha lapho imbangela yokuqala ibonakala futhi ilashwa, izinkomba zizobuyela ngokuzenzakalelayo ezijwayelekile.
Ama-leukocytes egazini anciphisa
Njenge-leukocytosis, i-leukopenia ezimweni eziningi ingenasifo. Kodwa ukuzivikela kwabantu abanalesi sifo kubuthakathaka kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi kunzima kakhulu ukugwema ukutheleleka ngezifo ezehlukene. Ngakho-ke, uma umuntu evame ukugula, kufanele adlulise izivivinyo. Kungenzeka ukuthi zonke izibonakaliso ezibandayo, lapho kungekho ubuhlungu emphuneni nasempumeni egijimayo, kubangele ukuthi i-leukocyte eyancipha egazini.
Ama-leukocyte egazini anciphisa - kusho ukuthini?
Amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe azwela kakhulu kumathonya angaphandle angozi kanye nezinguquko zangaphakathi emzimbeni. Izizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani ama-leukocyte aphansi egazini, abukeka kanje:
- izinguquko ezihlobene neminyaka ezenzeka emangeni, okwenza ukuguga kungakabi isikhathi futhi kusetshenziswe izicubu ezivamile ze-hematopoietic ngokuxhumana;
- umthelela wezinhlayiyana zemisebe yelanga noma imisebe emangqamuzaneni omnkantsha obomvu;
- i-bone marrow hypoplasia;
- ukulungiswa kwesintu (ngezinye izikhathi i-leukopenia iqala ngenxa yokushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo);
- I-HIV ;
- ukudliwa komzimba obangelwa yindlala, izinkinga ngokugaya, ukugula okubi noma ukulimala;
- izinqubo ze-autoimmune, okuholela ekhiqizweni kwama-antibodies ezithombeni zomzimba (kufaka phakathi izicubu ze-leukocyte);
- i-immunodeficiency (kokubili kokuzalwa nokutholwa);
- i-endocrine pathologies;
- i-lesion yamasongo, isifo se-leukemia, kanye nemetastasis ye-neoplasms ezimbi emathangeni ayo;
- eliqinile noma elide, eliye lahlala lingelapheki, izilonda zamagciwane.
Kuthiwani uma i-leukocyte egazini iyancishiswa?
I-Leukopenia kumele ihlolwe ngokucophelela. Uma kungenjalo, uma kuqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ayisithupha, umuntu ubeka ingozi yokuthola isifo esithathela ukulimala okungaphezu kokujwayelekile. Ukwandisa izinga lama-leukocyte egazini legazi kukhethwe kuye ngokuthi yini eyenza ukwehla kwenani lala maseli. Kusukela ezimweni eziningi, i-leukopenia iqala ngenxa yezifo ezithile, ukwelashwa kufanele kuqondiswe ekulwa nalesi sigameko.