I-North Korea, i-Ethiopia, i-India, i-Iran ne-Afghanistan kanye namanye amazwe namazwe amaningi wenqabe ukuqaphela ikhalenda, lapho izinsuku ezingu-365 ngonyaka!
Ubuntu abusekho ubukhona bayo ngaphandle kokusungulwa ngo-1582 ikhalenda likaGregory, lapho kunezinkathi ezine nezinsuku ezingu-365. Kulesi simiso sokulandelana kwezinhlelo, wonke umuntu ohlala eMhlabeni uyakhubeka ngesikhathi sokulungiselela amadokhumenti, umsebenzi, ukufika kwezifundo ngisho nalapho kusetshenziswe imishini kanye nokukhethwa kwemikhiqizo enomphelo wesikhala. Okumangalisa kakhulu ukuthi eplanethi yethu kunamazwe noma izizwe eziye zalahla ikhalenda evamile ngokuthanda komunye (ngezinye izikhathi eziyinqaba!) Ukuhluka kokubala izinsuku ngonyaka ...
I-United States of America
Ukuphetha ngokuthi iMelika isebenzisa ikhalenda evamile yaseGregory, awudingi ukuvula i-visa - nje ubukele izindaba noma ama-movie e-Hollywood. Okumangalisa kakhulu ukuthi amazwe amaningi ezolimo, lapho, njengoba sazi, abaseMelika abasebenzayo, bahlala nemiphakathi yabo, lapho ikhalenda yeJulian ikhona - uhlelo lokubala ludalwe uJulius Caesar ngo-45 BC. Ubude bonyaka kaJulian yizinsuku ezingama-365.25, okudala ukudideka emibhalweni yamagunya wendawo. Usuku lokuqala lwenyanga kuthiwa i-calend, kanti usuku lokugcina lubizwa nge-id.
North Korea
Isimo esivaliwe kakhulu nesesabekayo sesimanjemanje kukho konke sizama ukufakazela kwamanye amazwe ukuhlukanisa kwawo kuzo. Izakhamuzi zakhona zazakhela ikhalenda yazo futhi zazibiza ngokuthi "i-Juche chronology". Yaqala ukusebenza ngoJulayi 8, 1997. Isiqalo salo ngumnyaka wokuzalwa kukaKim Il Sung, umsunguli wesifunda saseNyakatho Korea - 1912. Emadokhumenti angaphandle, kuvunyelwe ukukhombisa kubakaki ngonyaka ekhalendeni likaGregory - isibonelo, 106 (2017).
Taiwan
Ezindaweni ezilawulwa yiRiphabhulikhi yaseChina, ikhalenda yeMingo yaqalwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Njengokwesikhalenda seJuche, unyaka wokuqala wawungu-1912 - ngakho-ke wanquma iqembu elibusayo laseKuomintang, lalisusa amandla. Ngo-1949, umbuso wawushintsha, iChina yashiya umsebenzi ovela emazweni angaphandle, kodwa izakhamuzi zaseTaiwan zakhathele ukukhwabanisa ngamakhalenda futhi yanquma ukugcina ikhalenda yeMingo. Namuhla kuphela izingane esikoleni zingabalelwa ngokulandela indlela yobuGregory yokubala.
I-India
Abantu baseNdiya, njengabantu baseTaiwan, abathandi ukushintsha uhlelo lwekhalenda lombuso. Kodwa ngonyaka ka-1954 kwakuyiNdiya eyayisekela iFrance neSoviet Union ekudaleni umsebenzi wekhalenda lomhlaba we-Armelin. Yavunywe yi-UN: uhlelo olusha lwaluthatha izingxenye ezine ngezinsuku ezingu-91 futhi lwaluzoba yinto yomhlaba wonke. Ngeshwa, wonke amazwe ase-India aseRajasthan, eHaryana naseBihar abakhohliwe mayelana nokuthuthukiswa. Kuzo zonke ezinye izingxenye zaseNdiya, kunqatshelwe ukuletha izinhlangano zenkolo ukuba zenzeke.
Izwe Lombuso WaseNdiya
Esimweni esifanayo, izifunda eziningana (West Bengal, Assam kanye ne-Tripura) zathola ukuzimela ebukhosini bezwe ngokudala uhlelo lwabo lomthetho. Ibala ikhalenda ngokusho kwekhalenda elanga, elibizwa ngokuthi iBangali. Izinikezelwe iNkosi King Shashank, ebusa eNdiya ngekhulu le-VI. Ikhalenda ihlukaniswe ngezikhathi eziyisithupha - eyomile, ebusika, entwasahlobo, emvula, ekwindla nasehlobo, okuyizinyanga ezimbili kuphela.
Ukuzimela kwe-Tibet
Ngasentshonalanga yeChina, kunesizinda esizimele saseTibet, esibizwa ngokuthi amaShayina ngokwawo ngokuthi iSichang. Amakhompeli aseTibet amakhulu eminyaka edlule avumile ukudala ikhalenda ye-lunisolar esekelwe unyaka oshisayo wezinyanga ezingu-13. Zonke ziqala ngenyanga entsha: lo nyaka obizwa ngokuthi i-Losar. Izinsuku zeviki ziphethe amagama ezindikimba zasezulwini: ngoMsombuluko - Ngenyanga, ngoLwesibili - Mars, ngoLwesithathu - Mercury, ngoLwesine - Jupiter, ngoLwesihlanu - Venus, ngoMgqibelo - Saturn neSonto - Sun.
Ethiopia
Isonto lama-Orthodox e-Ethiopia lithole ukwethulwa kwekhalenda elixubekile elisekelwe e-Alexandria naseGibithe lasendulo. Ukuqala konyaka kuwo kufike ngo-Agasti 30 noma ngo-Agasti 29, uma unyaka wawuyi-leap. Izinsuku ezinhlanu noma eziyisithupha ekupheleni kukaDisemba zabiwe ngenyanga yeshumi nantathu, okuyinto kanye namaholide amathathu esonto. Ikhalenda le-Ethiopia liwukuphela kwekhalenda emhlabeni lapho usuku luqala khona phakathi kwamabili, kodwa ngemva kokuphuma kwelanga.
I-Nepal
E-Himalaya yindawo yaseNepal, emngceleni weNdiya kanye neTibet, ethatha isisekelo sezinsuku ezibala ukulandelana kwesikhathi esidlule seVikram-samvat, esethulwa ngu-Emperor Vikramaditya. Ngisho nabaseNepalese ngokwabo abazi ukuthi zingaki izinsuku ezizobe zikhona ngenyanga ezayo, kodwa inombolo yabo eseduze cishe ihluka phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-29 no-35. Eminyakeni ehlukile ngenyanga efanayo eNepal ingaba yi-3, 4 noma ngisho namasonto ama-5.
Ireland
E-Ireland, njengamazwe ase-Orthodox, ungathola "amakholwa amadala" akholwa onkulunkulu baseCeltic. Abantu base-Irish abanomdlandla basebenzisa isikhathi sokulandelana kwezindala, lapho izinsuku ze-solstice kanye ne-equinox kubhekwa njengesizinda esikhulu sezinkathi zonyaka. I-equinox yasentwasahlobo ibhekwa njengaphakathi phakathi kwentwasahlobo, kanti i-solstice yasebusika ibizwa ngokuthi phakathi phakathi nobusika. Nge-Samayna (ubusuku kusukela ngo-Okthoba 31 kuya kuNovemba 1), isikhathi "somnyama" sonyaka siqala, futhi kusukela eBeltein (May 1) - "ukukhanya", okungukuthi. ehlobo.
I-Iran ne-Afghanistan
Ikhalenda esemthethweni kulawa mazwe lakhiwa ngu-Omar Khayyam, kodwa cishe unyaka ngamunye lishintshashintsha. Ibizwa ngokuthi "i-Solar Hijra": ukuqala konyaka yosuku lomlingani we-vernal, lapho kugujwa i-Navruz. Unyaka uhlukaniswe ngezikhathi eziyisithupha futhi ungene kwelinye lalaba ababili --H noma shahânsha .. Bahamba ngokuvumelana nesimiso sombusi, kodwa ukugcina kwabo sekusebenze kusukela ngo-1312 kuze kube yilolu suku.