I-anesthesia engathandabuzi ishukunyiswa ngokwenziwa ngokusungulwa kwezidakamizwa ze-narcotic, isimo sokuvimbela isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, lapho ulwazi luvaliwe khona, imisipha yamathambo iphumule, ezinye izimo zengqondo ziyancipha noma zivaliwe, futhi ukuzwela ubuhlungu bulahlekile. I-anesthesia isetshenziselwa ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa.
I-anesthesia engenayo isebenza kanjani?
Inzuzo enkulu ye-intravenous, uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo ze-anesthesia jikelele, isenzo sayo esisheshayo, cishe ngaphandle kwesiteji sokuzijabulisa. Futhi futhi - ukuphuma okusheshayo kwesiguli esivela esimweni esingenalutho.
Ngokwesilinganiso, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwesidakamizwa esisetshenzisiwe, umthamo owodwa wemithi unika imizuzu engama-20 yokungazi lutho. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside ngokusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwe-anesthesia, ukufakwa kancane kancane kwezidakamizwa zezinambuzane kwenziwa njalo ukugcina isimo sesiguli.
Ukwenza i-anesthesia enjalo kuyinkambiso elula ngokwemibandela yezobuchwepheshe, umphumela osheshayo futhi onokwethenjelwa ufezwa. Noma kunjalo, akanikeli ukuphumula okuphelele kwemisipha, futhi ingozi yokudlula ngokweqile iphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-inhalation anesthesia. Ngakho-ke, ekusebenzeni okudinga i-anesthésia ende, ukuvutha kungavamile ukusetshenziswa njenge-mononarcosis (okungukuthi, ongashadile). Ngokuvamile, inhlanganisela yezinhlobo eziningana ze-anesthesia isetshenziswa, lapho i-intravenous isetshenziselwa ukuletha isiguli singenalutho, sidlula isiteji sokuvusa.
Izinkomba kanye nokuphikisana kwe-anesthesia engenayo
Izimpawu zokusetshenziswa kwe-anesthesia kungaba yimuphi umbandela odinga ukungenelela okuphuthumayo noma okuhleliwe. Ukuthandwa kwe-anesthhesia emangcwabeni kunikezwa esimweni sokusebenza okungathathi isikhathi esiningi.
Ukuphikisana okungaqondile ku-anesthesia uma kwenzeka ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo okuphuthumayo akuyona. Uma isiguli sidinga ukusebenza ukuze sisindise ukuphila, siyokwenziwa ngokukhethwa kwezinqubo zokuphambana kakhulu futhi sicabange ngezici ezicacile zesimo sakhe.
Endabeni yezinhlelo ezihleliwe, ukuphikisana kwe-anesthesia engenayo yilezi:
- ukwephulwa kwenhliziyo (infarction ye-myocardial, kusukela ekuqaleni kokuthuthukiswa okungaphansi kwenyanga, angina engazinzile noma angina ozinzile ngezinga elibi, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okungapheli, ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo enzima);
- izifo ezinzima zezinzwa;
- izifo ezinzima zokuphefumula (isibhamu, i-bronchitis enesifo esibucayi noma esingapheli esigabeni esicacile, ukuqhuma kwesifo sokuphefumula kwesisu);
- izifo ezithathelwanayo.
Futhi kumuthi ngamunye othize osetshenziselwa i-anesthesia, kukhona uhlu lwezingqinamba.
Ukulungiswa kwe-anesthhesia engenayo
Ngama-anesthesia angenayo, ama-barbiturates kanye nama-derivatives azo asetshenziswa:
- i-viadryl;
- i-propanidide;
- i-oxybutyrate ye-sodium;
- ketamine.
Ake sicabangele izici zabo:
- Ama-barbiturates (i-thiopental ye-sodium, i-hexanol, i-metahexitone). Loluhlobo lwemithi lisetshenziselwa i-anesthesia eyisisekelo. Imiphumela emibi engase ibe khona ihlanganisa ukucindezelwa komsebenzi wokuphefumula nomzimba.
- I-Ketamines. Inzuzo yale mithi yukuthi ayinayo impumelelo ebonakalayo yokuvimbela izinhlelo zokuphefumula nezinhliziyo, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziselwa kokubili i-anesthesia esethula nesisekelo. Lapho ephuma e-anesthesia, iziguli zingase zikwazi ukubonisana, ukusebenzisana nokukhubazeka.
- Viadryl, propanidide, i-oxybutyrate ye-sodium. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi i-anesthesia yokusungula, inhlanganisela nezinye izindlela.
Imiphumela ye-anesthesia engenayo
Ngemva kokuphuma e-anesthesia, iziguli ziyakwazi ukubona:
- isicanucanu, ukuhlanza;
- ikhanda kanye nosizi;
- izikhukhula;
- izinqamuzana zomzimba ezizimele;
- ukudideka nokuvimbela;
- ukuzwela ukuzwela kwamalungu;
- izindlu ;
- ukuphazamiseka kokulala.
Imiphumela enjalo ngokuvamile yesikhashana futhi ihlala ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3.