Phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo ezithinta umuntu, enye eyingozi kunazo zonke i-echinococcus. Ungowomzimba we-tapeworms, uhlakaza emathunjini wezinja, ngezinye izikhathi - amakati. Ubude bomzimba wesikhumbuzo esivuthiwe sifinyelela ku-3-5 mm. I-worvae ye-worm ehlasela umzimba womuntu ibangela i-echinococcosis. Ukwelashwa nge-echinococcus kwenzeka ezimweni eziningi ngokuxhumana nesilwane esigulayo.
I-agent causative ye-echinococcosis yi-larva ye-echinococcus. Kuye ngokuthi indawo yezimpungushe ziphi, lezi zitho noma ezinye izitho zithintekile, okubangela ukubunjwa kwama-cysts esibindi, emaphaphu noma kwezinye izicubu nezitho.
I-Echoinococcus enhliziyweni ingu-0.2-2% yezifo ezibangelwa yi-helminth, ithola ukuthi, njengombuso, kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 ubudala, kungenzeka futhi ezinganeni.
Izimbangela ze-echinococcus enhliziyweni
I-echinococcus larva ifinyelela enhliziyweni noma ngegazi elimnyama, noma nge-cyst ye-echinococcal kusukela emaphashini ukuya emthonjeni we-pulmonary. Ezingxenyeni ze-myocardium, kancane kancane, ngezinye izikhathi kuze kube ngu-1.5 iminyaka, i-larva yenza i-cyst. Endabeni yezifo eziningi, ama-cysts amaningana ama-3-9 cm akhiwa. I-ventricle kwesokunxele ivame ukulimala. Ngokuvamile, ama-cysts atholakala kwezinye izingxenye zenhliziyo, njenge-pericardium, i-atrium yesokunxele ne-atrium efanele. Ukuqhathaniswa kwama-cysts kuvamile.
Njengoba ikhula, i-cyst iveza izimpawu ezifana nesifo senhliziyo.
Izimpawu ze-echinococcus enhliziyweni
Ubuhlungu esifubeni, izimpawu ze-myocardial ischemia, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo, kuhlanganise ne-tricycardia ye-ventricular, isigqi nokukhathazeka kokuqhuba. Izinkinga ze-echinococcosis yenhliziyo, njengomthetho, ziyabulala: ukuqhutshwa kwama-cysts enhliziyweni kungabangela ukucindezela izitsha.
Ukuqhekeka kwe-cysts engxenyeni engakwesokunxele kungabangela ukukhishwa kwodonga lwamahhala, kanye nobuhlungu obunzima bokubambisana.
Ngokuphuka kwe-cysts enenhliziyo efanele, ukuvuthwa kwemithambo ye-pulmonary ngokuvamile kuvame, kubangele imiphumela emibi njengokukhwehlela, ubuhlungu obukhulu, i-hemoptysis futhi, kwezinye izimo, imfiva.
I-Echinococcus ikhonjiswe ngesisekelo somlando we-epidemiological, idatha ye-X-ray, amasampuli aphezulu ne-serological. Izindlela zokuxilonga nazo zisetshenziselwa ukuthola ama-antibodies ahambisanayo.
Ama-antibodies kuya echinococcus
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-echinococcus akukhona njalo okuthembekile, futhi kuvame ukunikeza imiphumela yamanga, ngakho-ke izindlela zokucwaninga ziyadingeka: i-X ray, i-radioisotope, i-ultrasound, i-computed tomography. Kwezinye izimo, i-laparoscopy yokuxilonga ibonisiwe. Ukukhethwa kwendlela kuncike ekuhlaleni kanye nesigaba sokutheleleka.
Izindlela ezivame kakhulu zokuxilonga ama-antibodies ku-Echinococcus yi-RPGA, i-RSK, ukuphendula kwe-latex agglutination, ne-ELISA, indlela yokugcina mhlawumbe iyasebenza kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwalendlela akunikezi isithombe esingu-100%, ngoba abathwali abaningi be-cysts ye-echinococcal abahlakuleli ukumelana nomzimba, ama-antibodies egazini awakhiwe. Isibonelo, esimweni sokutheleleka kwesibindi, umphumela omuhle we-ELISA uzotholakala kwiziguli ezingu-90%, futhi kuphela 50-60% ngomonakalo wamaphaphu.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Echoinococcus
Kuye indawo, ungacabangela izinketho ezahlukene zokwelapha, kufaka phakathi abantu. Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi indlela enjalo
Okuphumelela kakhulu, mhlawumbe, ukungenelela okuhlinzayo, ikakhulu uma ukuthola i-cyst kuyingozi ngqo ekuphileni. Ezimweni ezinjalo, i-cyst ivuliwe.
Ama-benzimidazoles (albendazole, mebendazole) nawo anqunywe.