Eschatology in ifilosofi, Islam kanye nobuKristu

Umbuzo ophathelene nokuphela kwezwe kanye nokuphila ngemva kokuphila sekuhlale kunesithakazelo kubantu, okuchaza ukuthi kukhona khona izinkolelo ezihlukahlukene nezethulo, eziningi zazo zifana nezinganekwane. Ukuchaza umqondo oyinhloko usetshenziselwa i-eschatology, okuyinto uhlamvu lwezinkolo eziningi kanye nemingcele ehlukene yomlando.

Kuyini i-eschatology?

Imfundiso yenkolo mayelana nezinhloso zokugcina zezwe kanye nesintu kuthiwa yi-eschatology. Nika isiqondiso somuntu ngamunye kanye nomhlaba jikelele. Ekubunjweni kokuqala, indima ebalulekile yadlala yi-Ancient Egypt, kanti eyesibili nguJuda. I-eschatology ngayinye iyingxenye yomqondisi womhlaba jikelele. Nakuba iBhayibheli lingasho lutho mayelana nokuphila kwesikhathi esizayo, ezimfundisweni eziningi zenkolo imibono yokukhulumisana ngokulandelako ifundwa kahle kakhulu. Isibonelo yisiGibhithe sase-Egypt nesiTibet of the Dead, kanye ne-Divine Comedy of Dante.

Eschatology ngefilosofi

Imfundiso efundisiwe ayikhulumi nje ngokuphela kwezwe nokuphila, kodwa futhi nangesikhathi esizayo, okungenzeka emva kokunyamalala kokuphila okungaphelele. I-Eschatology ngefilosofi kuyindlela ebalulekile, okucatshangwa ekupheleni komlando, njengokuqedwa kobuchwepheshe obungaphumelelanga noma izinkolelo zomuntu. Ukuwa kwezwe kanyekanye kusho ukufaka komuntu endaweni ehlanganisa ingxenye engokomoya, esemhlabeni nasesulwini. Ifilosofi yomlando ayikwazi ukuhlukaniswa nezisusa ze-eschatological.

Umqondo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo wokuthuthukiswa kwemiphakathi uye wasakazeka ngefilosofi yaseYurophu ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokucabanga okukhethekile kwaseYurophu okubheka konke okukhona emhlabeni ngokufanisa nemisebenzi yabantu, okungukuthi, konke kuhamba, kunesiqalo, ukuthuthukiswa nokuphela, . Izinkinga eziyinhloko zefilosofi ezixazulula ngosizo lwe-eschatology yilezi: ukuqonda komlando, isisekelo somuntu nezindlela zokuthuthukisa, inkululeko namathuba, nezinkinga ezihlukile zokuziphatha.

Eschatology ebuKristwini

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinkolo ezingokwenkolo, amaKristu, njengamaJuda, aphika ukucabanga kwezinto ezithinta isikhathi futhi athi ngeke kube khona ikusasa ngemva kokuphela kwezwe. I-Orthodox eschatology inokuxhumana ngokuqondile ne-chiliasm (imfundiso yokubusa kwezinkulungwane zeminyaka ezweni leNkosi kanye nabalungile) kanye ne-messianism (imfundiso yokuza kwesithunywa sikaNkulunkulu). Bonke amakholwa bayaqiniseka ukuthi maduzane uMesiya uzoza emhlabeni okwesibili futhi sekupheleni kwezwe.

Ngenkathi kwenzeka, ubuKristu bukhula njengenkolo yokuziphendulela. Umlayezo wabaphostoli nencwadi yeZambulo ufunda umqondo wokuthi ukuphela kwezwe akukwazi ukugwema, kodwa uma kwenzeka kwenzeka kwaziwa kuphela eNkosini. I-eschatology yobuKristu (imfundiso yokuphela kwezwe) ihlanganisa ukudluliselwa kwemvelo (imibono ebheka inqubo yomlando njengekusatshalaliswa okuqhubekayo kwesAmbulo saphezulu) kanye nemfundiso yokubonga kwesonto.

Eschatology in Islam

Kule nkolo, iziprofetho eziphathelene nokuphela kwezwe zibaluleke kakhulu. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi izingxabano zalesi sihloko ziyaphikisana, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokungaqondakali nokungaqondakali. I-eschatology yamaSulumane isekelwe emithethweni yeKoran, kanti isithombe sokuphela kwezwe sibonakala kanje:

  1. Ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke umcimbi omkhulu, kuyofika inkathi yokungahloniphi uNkulunkulu nokungakholwa. Abantu bazonikela zonke izimiso zamaSulumane, futhi bazokhunjulwa ezonweni.
  2. Emva kwalokhu, umbuso Umphik'ukristu uzofika, futhi uzohlala izinsuku ezingu-40. Uma lesi sikhathi sesiphelile, uMesiya uzofika futhi ukuwa kuzophela. Ngenxa yalokho, iminyaka engama-40 emhlabeni kuyoba ne-idyll.
  3. Esikhathini esilandelayo, kuzonikezwa isignali mayelana nokuqala kwesahlulelo esibi , okuyinto u-Allah ngokwakhe ezokwenza. Uzobuza bonke abaphilayo nabafile. Aboni bazokuya esihogweni, futhi abalungileyo baya ePharadesi, kodwa kuzodingeka badlule ibhuloho abangayichazwa yizilwane abazidela ku-Allah ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo.
  4. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuchithwa kwamaKristu kwakuyisisekelo samaSulumane, kodwa kunezinye izithasiselo eziphawulekayo, isibonelo, kuthiwa uMprofethi Muhammad uzobe esekhona eSikhumulweni Sokugcina, okuzokwenza kube lula ukuthethelela isiphetho sezoni nokuthandaza ku Allah ukuthethelela izono.

Eschatology ebuJudeni

Ngokungafani nezinye izinkolo ebuJudeni, ukuphazamiseka kweNdalo kwenzeka, okusho ukudala umhlaba "ophelele" nomuntu, bese behamba ngesiteji sokuwa ekupheleni kokuphela, kodwa lokhu akusona ukuphela, ngoba ngokuthanda komdali, baphinde bafezeke. I-eschatology yobuJuda incike ekutheni ububi buzophela futhi ekugcineni zizuze okuhle. Encwadini ka-Amose kuthiwa umhlaba uzoba iminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha, futhi ukubhujiswa kuzohlala iminyaka eyi-1 000. Isizwe nomlando walo singahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: isikhathi sokubhujiswa, imfundiso kanye nesikhathi sikaMesiya.

I-eschatology yaseScandinavia

Izinganekwane zaseScandinavia zihluke kwezinye izici ze-eschatological, ngokusho ukuthi wonke umuntu unesiphetho, futhi onkulunkulu abafanga. Umqondo wokuthuthukiswa kwempucuko uveza ukuhamba kwazo zonke izigaba: ukuzalwa, ukuthuthukiswa, ukuqedwa kanye nokufa. Ngenxa yalokho, izwe elisha lizozalwa emanxiweni ezwe elidlule futhi i-oda lomhlaba lizokwenziwa ngaphandle kwezingxabano. Izinkolelo eziningi ze-eschatological zakhiwe kulo mqondo, futhi zihlukile kwabanye ngokuthi onkulunkulu abahlanganyeli kodwa izenzakalo.

I-Eschatology yeGrisi Yamandulo

Isistimu yemibono yenkolo esikhathini esidala kumaGreki yayihluke, ngoba yayingenalwazi mayelana nokuphela kwezwe, ikholelwa ukuthi okungenakho isiqalo asikwazi ukuqedela. Izinkolelo zezinkolelo zeGrisi lasendulo zazikhathazeke kakhulu ngekusasa lomuntu ngamunye. AmaGreki akholelwa ukuthi into yokuqala iwumzimba ongenakugwenywa futhi uyanyamalala phakade. Ngokuqondene nomphefumulo, i-eschatology ibonisa ukuthi ayifi, kwenzeka futhi ihloselwe ukuxhumana noNkulunkulu.