Okudumile phakathi kwabalimi yi-okra yesitshalo esiyingqayizivele, ekhula kusuka embewu lapho-umsebenzi awunzima, kodwa udinga izimo ezithile. Emalindeni ale mifino iqukethe amaprotheni amaningi namavithamini, ascorbic ne folic acid, insimbi, isetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo ekuphekeni, e-cosmetology nasemithi (ikakhulukazi ewusizo kubantu abanesifo sikashukela).
Isitshalo se-okra sibheka kanjani?
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi uhlobo luni lwemifino engavamile luyi-okra, zama ukucabanga nge-hybrid ye-zucchini, i-pepper kanye ne-string yezinyosi. Isitshalo sonyaka sifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-40 kuya kumamitha amabili (ngezimo ezithandekayo zezulu kanye nokukhula okufanele), ngesitshalo esinyene lapho kukhona amagatsha amaningi, anezibani ezikhanyayo, ezibanzi, amaqabunga aqoshiwe. Isithelo sinomsoco, sihlotshaniswe ne-pod enezinwele ezincane (i-cylindrical elongedwe ne-end-point), ne-peas ngaphakathi, inqamule-ibonakala njenge-pentagon ene-openwork middle.
I-okra ehlanganisiwe
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-okra, ezivela emvelaphi (ukukhethwa kwamanye amazwe nezendawo), ukuvuthwa, ubukhulu be-fetus, umbala wayo, izimo ezikhulayo. Isibonelo, sinikeza incazelo yamamaki we-okra, okuvame kakhulu ekulandeleni kwethu:
- I-Sopilka (ukuvuthwa okuphakathi kokukhula). Lesi sitshalo singasayizi ophakathi, isitshalo sikhula kusuka ku-100 kuya ku-110 cm, ububanzi bayo bufinyelela ku-2.65 cm. Isithelo sinamahlanu-, i-hexagonal, futhi sikhule sibe ngu-20 cm ubude.
- I-Dibrova (ephakathi kokuvuthwa). Izinhlobonhlobo zifushane, ukuphakama kufinyelela ku-80 cm, ububanzi be-stem ngu-2 cm. Isithelo singaba nezici ezingu-7-9, sikhula sibe ngu-21 cm ubude. Kunconywa ukuthi kuvuleke, i-ovary yayo isetshenziselwa ukudla okunomsoco.
Abameli abancinci bezitshalo zemifino, ezivumelaniswe nezimo zethu ezikhulayo kanye nenhlabathi, yizinhlobo ezinjalo:
- I-velvet emhlophe, i-velvet eluhlaza - iyathandwa emasimini ethu yemifino, ifaneleka kakhulu, ngokungafani nezinhlobo zangaphandle.
- I-velvet ebomvu ihlukahlukene ngokusheshisa, okubaluleke kakhulu, i-fruiting iqala ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-70
- I-Blondie - ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zokuvuthwa zakudala, ezithembisayo, ezivimbela amakhaza
- Inkanyezi kaDavida - ejwayelekile kakhulu, emide, izithelo ezincane, kuze kube ngu-8 cm.
Ukutshala okra ngembewu
Kusengaphambili, inyanga nesigamu, ngaphambi kokutshala i-okra enhlabathini, hlwayela imbewu kulezi ziqukathi ezilungiselelwe ngaphambi kwenhlabathi. Kuyinto enengqondo ukuqala ukulungiselela eminyakeni eyishumi noma yesibili ka-Ephreli. Ukulungele (okufakwe amahora amabili) imbewu etshalwe ebhokisini elilungiselelwe (isitsha), ekujuleni kwe-1.5 cm, ufake ingilazi phezulu noma welula ifilimu ebonakalayo.
Njengenhlabathi, thatha inhlabathi, i-peat kanye nesihlabathi ezixutshwe ngokulingana kwe-2: 2: 1, okushisa kuqala kuhhavini. Enye yezinketho ezinhle kunazo zonke lapho kukhula imbewu ye-okra kusuka izithombo ezenziwe ezinkomishi ezine-peat, izingcezu ezimbili noma ezintathu (ukushiya ihlumela elilodwa, eliqine kakhulu). Kufanele zifakwe kwisitsha esivamile futhi sihlanganiswe (njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla). Emhlabathini olungiselelwe, tshala izithombo ngqo ezigumbini, ngakho-ke izimpande zesitshalo ngeke zithinteke kancane.
I-okra ifika endaweni evulekile
Ngaphambi kokutshala i-okra evela emhlabathini ovulekile, ubambe imbewu amahora ambalwa emanzini ashisayo noma ngesisombululo esisetshenziselwa ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezimpande. Ukufika kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokuba umhlabathi ususwe ngokuphelele. Uma wenza izimbiza ezinamanzi angaphansi kuka 3-4 cm, uwathulule kahle bese uthela imbewu engu-2-3 ibe yilowo nalowo, ufafaze umhlaba. Ukuhamba phakathi kwezimbobo okungenani u-25-30 cm (uma ukuhluka kufushane) no-50-60 (izitshalo ezide). Uma ukhula nge-okra kusuka embewu, emva kokutshala, ukumboza isikhashana imibhede ngefilimu, ukuyidonsa emagcekeni okumba.
Izikhathi zokutshala okra
Ukulima kwe-okra kusuka emakhaya ekhaya kuqala izinsuku ezingu-30-45 ngaphambi kokutshala ezindaweni ezivulekile ensimini. Kwezinye izindawo, ama-frosts aphela kuphela ngo-20 Meyi, engxenyeni engaseningizimu, izithombo noma imbewu zitshalwe emva kuka-10 Meyi. Ukushisa kwenhlabathi okudingekayo ekujuleni okudingekayo ekuphumeni akusiyo ngaphansi kwe-14-15 ° C. Abanye ama-horticulturists abanokuhlangenwe nakho bacebisa ukutshala izithombo ze-okra ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJuni, ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi ishushu ngokuphelele.
I-Bamia - ekhula
Iseluleko sochwepheshe abanolwazi mayelana nendlela yokukhulisa i-okra elula, ngoba lesi sitshalo asidingi imizamo enzima. Kunezenzakalo eziningana ezimbalwa, ukubambelela kuzokusiza ekukhuleni isivuno esihle:
- Hlanganisa inhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala, kulokhu, akukho ukufaka umanyolo owengeziwe okudingekayo. Uma kwenzeka ukuthuthukiswa obuthakathaka kwezitshalo, ungawasebenzisa, uhlanjululwa ngamanzi, umanyolo obunzima, umanyolo.
- Akunakwenzeka ukumanzisa inhlabathi, ikakhulukazi esikhathini esandulele i-fruiting.
- Ukuze ukuvuselela okusebenzayo kwe-tillering, phonsa iziqu eziyinhloko ebangeni elingama-50, 60 cm ukusuka emhlabathini.
- Ngezinhlobonhlobo ezide, nikeza ukusekelwa.
- Intaba esifike ngesikhathi isitshalo esisekelweni, ikhulula phansi.
- I-okra ekhulayo ebamba lokushisa noma ngaphansi kwefilimu, inikeze izitshalo ngokuqhuma njalo.
Zonke lezi zindlela ezilula zihlanganisa izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zezindlela ze-okra ezikhulayo, ukugcinwa kwazo kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo zizothuthukiswa kahle futhi zivuna kakhulu. Ungalimi i-okra emahlathini, noma izindawo lapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba eseduze khona, khetha izindawo ngokubunjwa kwenhlabathi elula okukhuthaza ukuzala okuphezulu.
I-okra ikhula kanjani?
Ukukhula kwalesi siko kuyashesha. I-okra i-thermophilic, ngakho isiseduze nesitshalo seqanda. Ukushisa okungcono, okuvumela ukuthi isitshalo sikhule ngokujwayelekile, singama-23-26 ° C, lapho izinga lokushisa lihlehlela ku -16 ° C, i-okra ikhula futhi ikhula, futhi uma ikhululeka, iyaphela. Ogorodniki, ukwabelana ngolwazi, indlela yokukhulisa i-bamya e-dacha, batusa ukutshala izithombo zakhe. I-Bamia, ukukhula kwezitshalo ezithela izithelo kungenzeka kuphela ezindaweni zokugcina izitshalo noma ezindaweni ezishisayo kakhulu. Izwe lokutshala likhetha kahle, lingenamoya.
Imifino yezitshalo okra - inhlabathi
Ngakho-ke lungisa inhlabathi ekwindla, yigobe futhi uyiqede ngama-organic, phosphorus and potassium compounds, humus. Entwasahlobo, bamba futhi nge-addition ye- ammonium nitrate . Okuhle kakhulu kule masiko yemifino yi-chernozem, kulezo zindawo lapho kungenjalo, sebenzisa ukushisa noma indawo yokukhosela efilimu, kukholelwa ukuthi i-okra ikhula emhlabathini owodwa, ngaphandle kobumba, usawoti noma emanzi kakhulu. I-okra esekhulile evela emzimbeni ekhaya izothuthela kalula ukufakelwa ezweni, uma uyenza ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa uhlelo lwezintambo zezimpande zesitshalo.
Okra isitshalo - ukuchelela
Izitshalo zemifino okra azidingi ukuchelela njalo, kufanele kwenziwe kanye ezinsukwini eziyisihlanu, ngaphandle uma kungekho imvula. Lo mbuso wokunisela uhlala kuze kufike isikhathi sokuhluma, ngemuva kokuba izimbungulu zokuqala ziboshwe, udinga ukuphuza lesi sitshalo kabili ngenyanga. Ukuphuza ngokwemvelo, ungadluleli ukuze izimpande zethenda ze-okra zingaqala ukubola.
Imifino yezitshalo okra - ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukondla ngokukhula kwe-okra kwenziwa ekwenzeni ukukhula okusheshayo, ukulimala komhlabathi ompofu kabili noma kathathu, esikhathini esandulela ukuqala kwe-ovary. Ukusetshenziselwa lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi yezimila zamaminerali, amanani athathwa okungenani. Ngesikhathi sokuqala kwesikhathi se-fruiting, ukufaka umanyolo kuyenziwa kanye, ngenxa yalokhu injongo ye- nitassium nitrate isetshenziswa .
Isikhathi se-okra esiqhakazayo siqala ngoJulayi, imbali enkulu, i-yellowish-creamy, itholakala e-axilum yeqabunga, lapho kuvela khona ingane, i-okra ekhanyayo ibonakala iyamangalisa. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kokuqala kwezakhi zamaminerali, udinga ukwenza emva kokuvela kwefihlekile, uma nje inhlabathi ilungele ngokukholwa ngokutshala izithombo noma imbewu.
I-ointment - ukunakekelwa
Ngokusho abalimi bemifino, ukutshala nokunakekela okra akuyona inqubo enzima, kodwa izithelo zalesi sitshalo zinemfanelo ehlukile kakhulu. Ukutshisa ukushisa, isitshalo eseningizimu, ngokuhle, ukunakekelwa kahle, kukhula kahle futhi kuvumela isivuno esikhulu, kude nokubekwa eningizimu. Ukutshala kungcono kakhulu ngezithombo, ngoba imbewu inesikhathi eside sokuhluma (kusuka emavikini amathathu kuya kwangu-4), futhi idinga inhlabathi efudumele, enomanzi.
Ukunakekelwa njalo ngesitshalo, ukusila okuhlala unomphela, akukho ukucabanga okuzungeze i-okra yokuqina kwenhlabathi, kuyadingeka ngenyanga yokuqala, esikhathini esizayo ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela akusisona isidingo. Ukunisela i-okra kufanele kube uma kwenzeka isomiso esinzima, uma inhlabathi isomile kakhulu, ukufaka umhlabathi kuyadingeka kuze kufike kumamitha angu-40. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukhula ukhulule umhlabathi, ukondla namanzi - lokhu kuyisethi esincane sezinyathelo ezithathwa yi-okra.