Ukukhula kwe-broccoli, imithetho yokuvunwa okuhle

I-Broccoli iyimifino ecebile kakhulu yevithamini, okumele idle ngezindlela eziningi ifana ne-cauliflower, kodwa ukuvumela okuningi. Phakathi nenkathi, umuntu akakwazi ukuthola izitshalo ezimbili ze-broccoli, kanti ukukhula akulula - isitshalo asihloniphi kakhulu. Kubalandeli bokudla kanye nesondlo esifanele ngaphandle kwalesi sithako asikwazi ukwenza.

Uphi u-broccoli okhulile?

Iklabishi ye-Broccoli nokutshalwa kwayo sekuye kwavame kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Kutshalwe noma ku-greenhouse noma emibhedeni evulekile engadini. Kuzo zonke izinketho, ukukhethwa okulungile kwezinhlobonhlobo nokuqaliswa kwezincomo zokunakekelwa kubalulekile. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukwazi ukukhetha izinhlobo ngokuhambisana nezimo zezulu zesifunda sakho. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinjenge "Caesar" kanye ne "Continental" zikhula kahle ngokubili ekukhuseleni izithombo zokugcina nezitshalo.

Indlela yokutshala i-broccoli engadini?

Nakuba kuyaziwa ngokumelene nokubandayo kwe-broccoli, ukutshala iklabishi ezweni elivulekile akufanele zonke izifunda. Imigomo yokuhlwanyela imbewu embhedeni - ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Umhlabathi kufanele usuvele usushiswe ngo-20 ° C. Imifino elandelayo kufanele ifakwe emhlabathini kusengaphambili:

• udaba oluphilayo;
• umlotha wokhuni;
• urea ;
• superphosphate .

Imbewu kumele ilungiselelwe kahle ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Yenza lokhu ngokwe-algorithm elandelayo:

1. Sibeka imbewu imizuzu engu-15 emanzini afudumele (+ 50 ° С).
2. Sibacwilisa ngomzuzu emanzini abandayo.
3. Sisebenza ebusuku (amahora angu-12) ngesisombululo sezinto zokulandelela.
4. Geza ngokuphelele imbewu.
5. Sifaka esiqandisini usuku.
6. Yoma.

Ngaphezu kokuhlwanyela ngokuqondile imbewu embhedeni, ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo emabhokisini kwenziwa. Ukulungiselela imbewu kulokhu kufana nalokhu okungenhla. Hlwanyela emabhokisini ngomhlabathi olungiselelwe (i-turf, peat kanye nesihlabathi), ukuhlwithwa nge-disinfected nge-potassium permanganate. Kakade ngosuku lwesi-3-4 izithombo zokuqala zivela, futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-40 zingatshala endaweni ehlala njalo, zibheke uhlelo lokutshala lwe-20x50 cm.

Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zokuvuleka:

• "Varus";
• "Izintandokazi Ezihlaza";
• UMbusi;
• "Corvette";
• "I-Comanche";
• "Lucky";
• IMarathon.

I-broccoli ekhulayo endaweni yokushisa

Abanikazi bokugcina izithombo banesithakazelo embuzweni wemvelo wokuthi bakhule kanjani i-broccoli enhlabathini evulekile evikelwe. Ukulungiswa kwenzalo yokutshala kanye nenqubo yezithombo ezikhulayo zifana ncamashi nasendleleni yokutshala embhedeni ovulekile. Ukuhlela ukutshala i-broccoli endaweni yokushisa ngendlela yokuhlwanyela imbewu, imbewu ihlwanyelwe izinyanga eziyi-1-1.5 ngaphambi kokutshala endaweni yokukhula okuhlala njalo. Imibhede ebamba lokushisa igcwele amakhomikhali e-organic and amaminerali kusukela ekwindla. Inhlabathi kumele ingathathi hlangothi noma i-acidic kancane. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, inhlabathi ifafazwe ngamaminerali e-nitrogen .

Izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle ze-broccoli zokukhula endaweni yokushisa:

• "Tone";
• "ULazaru";
• "Vitamin";
• "Izwekazi";
• "UKhesari";
• «F1 - Broccoli».

Izimo zokukhula kwe-broccoli

Njengezinye izinhlobo zeklabishi, i-broccoli, ukulima nokunakekelwa kwayo kunezici ezithile okudingeka zicatshangelwe uma ufuna ukuthola imiphumela engcono kakhulu:

1. I-Broccoli i-hygrophilous kakhulu futhi ilula. Umswakama kokubili umhlabathi nomoya kubalulekile lapha. Inhlabathi ngaphansi kwayo kufanele ihlale ihambelana ngo-70%, futhi umswakama omuhle womoya - 85%. Inhloko ye-broccoli, ngokungafani ne-cauliflower, ayidingi ukuthunjwa.
2. Naphezu kokumama okubandayo nokuphikisana nokushisa, isivuno esihle se-broccoli sinikeza, ngaphansi kwesimo sokushisa esiphezulu - kusukela ku -16 kuya ku-20 ° C.
3. Ukuze i-broccoli, ukukhululeka okuhlala njalo kwenhlabathi kubalulekile - umhlabathi kumele ube nomoya omuhle, ongahlanganiswa.

I-Broccoli iklabishi isithombo

Umhlaba wezithombo ze-broccoli ungathengwa ngomumo, futhi ungazilungiselela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngokucophelela uhlanganise i-turf, i-humus, umlotha nesihlabathi. Kumele kube yi-substrate evulekile futhi elula, enhle emanzini, ngoba ukulimala akuvumelekile - iklabishi ingathola umlenze omnyama . Kulesi simo, iklabishi idinga umswakama. Ubuningi be-acidity kufanele bube buthakathaka noma bungathathi hlangothi. I-broccoli enhle kakhulu isabela ekukhawuleni kwenhlabathi.

Ukuze unikeze impendulo ephelele embuzweni wokuthi ungakhula kanjani iklabishi ye-broccoli futhi uthole isivuno esiphezulu kuso, kubalulekile ukuthi uthinte ekukhuleni kwenhlabathi. Kusukela ekwindla, umanyolo we-organic and amaminerali usetshenziswa emibhedeni ngesilinganiso esingu-5 kg ​​ngemitha yesikwele ngasinye. Ngaphambi kokutshala ngokuqondile, udinga ukwengeza umquba we-nitrogen emibhedeni, uthuthukise kahle, bese ukhulula inhlabathi ukuze ucebise inhlabathi ngomoya - zonke lezi zinyathelo zizokwenza kube lula kakhulu ukunakekela iklabishi. Izandulela phambili ze-broccoli ziyiziqathe, amazambane, ubhontshisi.

I-home broccoli ekhula - ukuchelela

Esinye sezikhathi ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuphenduleni umbuzo, indlela yokutshala i-broccoli ezweni, ukuthambisa nokubhala. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhambisana nombuso wobuningi. Ukunisela kufanele kube kokulingana, kodwa futhi kunelungelo lokugcina umswakama njalo emhlabathini. Uma ukuchelela kukhulu ngokweqile, iklabishi ithola isiqu esimnyama. Uma umswakama akwanele, lokhu kuthinta ikhwalithi yamakhanda - baqala ukuba yizinhlanzi. Kanye nalokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi inhlabathi ihlanganiswe kusuka umswakama ukukhululeka njalo. Isikhathi ngasinye emva kokunisela, inhlabathi ikhululiwe ekujuleni kwe-8 cm. Izindlela ezinjalo ze-agrotechnical zinikeza umphumela omuhle kakhulu.

Indlela yokutshala iklabishi broccoli?

Abathandi be-broccoli bayakhula ngembewu nangendlela yokutshala. Noma ngabe iyiphi indlela oyikhethayo, okokuqala kudingeka ulungiselele kahle imbewu. I-algorithm yokulungiselela ichazwe ngenhla, ifanele noma iyiphi indlela yokutshala. Lesi sigaba sibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba kwenza ukulungiswa kwe-substrate. Ngezansi sizobuka indlela yokutshala imbewu ye-broccoli nezithombo.

Indlela yokutshala broccoli kusuka imbewu?

Uma ufuna ukuzama indlela yokutshala i-broccoli, ukulima kuzoba nalokhu okulandelayo: emibhedeni elungiselelwe, ekhulelwe, ekhuniwe, imbewu elungiselelwe ihlwanyelwa ngokwemigomo ye-20x50. Indlela yokunisela ivame ukuqhutshwa ngokutshala okwesibili kwe-broccoli (yesibili kanti ngezinye izikhathi isikhathi sesithathu ngenkathi). Ukutshala i-broccoli uma ikhulile kusuka kumbewu ikuvumela ukuthi uthole isivuno sokuhambisa kuze kufike ukuwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungatshala ibhakede elisha njalo emva kwamasonto amathathu kunokuqoqa, ukwandisa isikhathi sokuvuna nokwandisa ivolumu yayo.

Izithombo ze-Broccoli - ukulima

Ngakho-ke, sesifikile endleleni yokutshala u-broccoli emhlabathini ovulekile ngokusebenzisa izithombo. Ukulungiselela kuhlanganisa ukuxuba ezinxenyeni ezilinganayo zesihlabathi, i-turf kanye ne-turf. Le substrate kumele ithulwe ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate sokuqeda ukubola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbewu elungiselelwe ivaliwe emabhokisini enhlabathini ngokujula kwe-0.8-1 cm. Ngemva kokuhlwanyela imbewu, izinga lokushisa elisezingeni eliphezulu ligcinwa ngo-20 ° C.

Lapho kuvela amahlumela, izinga lokushisa liyancipha lifika ku-10 ° C, futhi emva kwesonto liphakanyiselwa ku-14-16 ° C emini, ebusuku ubusika kufanele bube ngu-9 ° C. Uma izithombo zitshalwe ezingeni lokushisa elingenhla + 20 ° C, lokhu kuzoholela eqinisweni lokuthi izinhloko zizoqala ukudala ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Asikho isidingo esicacile sokuqapha izinga lokuswakama kwenhlabathi - asithinte kabi kokubili ukunyuka kwamanzi umswakama kanye nokungena kwamanzi, nokuntuleka kwayo.

Ungadonsa izithombo ngesikhathi seminyaka eyi-12-14. Ngemuva kwalokho, izinga lokushisa lingakhulelwa ku-21 ° C, kodwa kuphela kuze kufike isikhathi sokusinda. Khona-ke iphindwe iphinde ibe yi-17 ° C emini kanye no-9 ° C ebusuku. Emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokufika okuhlongozwayo emhlabathini, izithombo ziqala ukujwayela ukukhanya kwelanga nomoya. Lapho ukufika kungcono ukungasheshi, ngoba izinga lokushisa eliphansi lomoya emgwaqweni lizoholela eklabishi. Ungatshala izithombo emgwaqweni eneminyaka engu-35-45. Uma isimo sezulu sinomusa noma une-greenhouse, ungakwenza ekuqaleni kuka-May.

Izici ze-broccoli

Labo ababenesithakazelo kwi-agrotechnics yalesi siko bayazi mayelana ne-broccoli-ekhulayo kungenzeka ngisho nasemapulini noma kwi-loggia. Njengoba izinga lokushisa elihle, ukukhanya nomswakama, kunamathuba onke okuqoqa isivuno esihle kakhulu ngaphandle kokushiya indlu. Nazi ezinye izimfihlo zokukhula iklabishi ye-broccoli ekhaya nasensimini:

1. Ukuze ugweme ukufa kwezithombo kusukela emlenzeni omnyama kanye ne- powdery isikhutha , kungcono ukusebenzisa imbewu engenisiwe ephathwe ngamafungicides, futhi futhi ukusebenzisa i-subatrate ethengwe nge-peat yokuphoqelela.
2. Esikhathini sesiteji, akudingeki ukondle iklabishi ngezinto eziphilayo. Ungasebenzisa umquba okhethekile weklabishi ngendlela yama-crystle e-soluble.
3. Njengawo wonke iklabishi, i-broccoli isabela kahle ekutheni izithombo ziphuze nge-calcium nitrate. Yenza okungcono ngesonto ngaphambi kokufika emhlabathini futhi emva kwesonto ngemuva kokuduka. Ungakwazi futhi ukukupha nge-complex complex trace elements ne-boron ne-molybdenum.
4. Ukunakekelwa okunye okunye emva kokutshala phansi emkhatsini weklabishi kuqukethe ukuphumula okwejwayelekile, ukukhululeka, ukugcoba, ukondla kanye nokusetshenziselwa izinambuzane.
5. Kunconywa ukuphuza i-broccoli kanye nezinsuku ezimbili, futhi phakathi nezikhathi zokushisa - kabili ngosuku. Inhlabathi ngaphansi kweklabishi kufanele ihlale iswakanyiswe ukujula kwamasentimitha angu-15. Amanzi angcono kusihlwa, emva kokukhipha, ukuze avimbele ukubola kwezimpande.
6. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kunokwenziwa kathathu ngenkathi ngayinye. Amabili okuqala ahlanganisa ingxube yemifino yezinkomo kanye ne-bird droppings. Yethula i-organics ehlanjululwe ngemuva kokuqothula izithombo ensimini enomthelela wamasonto amabili. Ukudla kwesithathu kwenziwa ekuqaleni kokubunjwa kwe-inflorescence. Kuye kuthatha lokhu kuhlanganiswa - superphosphate 40 g, potassium sulfate 10 g kanye ne-ammonium nitrate 20 g, ukuwaphuza ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi kanye neklabishi yamanzi.
7. Ukuvikelwa iklabishi encane evela e- cruciferous flea - isitha esivela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zeklabishi - ukumboza insimu ngendwangu encane engavundiwe. Ngaphambi kokwakheka kwe-inflorescences, ungaphambanisa i-broccoli ne-Iskra. Lapho amakhanda eqala ukwakha, ungawafafaza ngengxube yokhuni nofulawa.
8. Ungasheshi ukukhipha isitshalo ensimini ngokushesha ngemuva kokusika ikhanda eliphakathi, njengoba i-broccoli ikhula ngokushesha ihlumela le-lateral, eqinisekisa ukuthi isitshalo esengeziwe.

I-broccoli ekhula "Caesar"

Izinhlobonhlobo "uKhesari" zibhekisela ekuvuthweni okuphakathi. Iklabishi yalezi ezihlukahlukene iyinhloko enkulu futhi enesisindo sombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ubukhulu beklabishi bufana neklabishi enemibala. I-broccoli "Caesar", ukuhlwanyela kwayo kanye nokulima kwayo ikhiqizwa indlela yokutshala kanye nokuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile. Ngenxa yokuvuthwa okunobungane nokuvuna okwamanje ngesikhathi sonyaka, ungathola izitshalo ezimbili ngesikhathi.

I-broccoli ekhula "Tonus"

Izinhlobo ze-Broccoli "Tonus" zibhekisela ekuvuthweni kokuqala. Ukuqhuma kwenzeka ngosuku lwama-60-90 ngemva kokuvela. Amakhanda akhe akhula ngokushesha futhi ayenamicably. Zibonakala ngobuningi obuphakathi, umbala wazo luhlaza okomnyama. Indlela yokutshala i-broccoli ekhaya: ungayenza ngokusebenzisa izithombo ezingu-45 ngosuku noma ngokuhlwanyela ngokuqondile imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile. Umkhiqizo wezinhlobonhlobo ufika ku-2 kg ngemitha yesikwele.

I-broccoli ekhulayo "uLinda"

Iklabishi ye-Broccoli "Linda" nokulima kwayo kukhishwa yi-seedling kanye nezithombo. Izinhlobonhlobo zingezokuvuthwa okuphakathi - ukuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe kuza izinsuku ezingu 90-100 emva kokuqala kokulima. Amakhanda amakhanda ahlaza okomnyama futhi akhulu kakhulu. Sika insika, ulinde ukuvuthwa kwezinqubo ze-lateral - uzojabula ngamakhanda ayisithupha ngaphezulu.

Iklabishi ye-Broccoli "Fortuna" - ukulima

I-Broccoli "Fortune" ibhekisela ezinhlotsheni ezivuthiwe. Iqukethe i-rosette ephakeme yamaqabunga kanye nenhloko eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhula kwe-broccoli bufana nezinye izinhlobo - kungenzeka ukuthi kokubili imbewu kanye nenqubo yembewu. Hlwanyela imbewu embhedeni ingaba ngemuva kokusongelwa kwamaqhwa, okungukuthi-ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Ungatshala izithombo phakathi no-Ephreli.