Ngokuvamile igama elithi "barbiturates" lisetshenziselwa yonke imithi yokwelashwa ekhona. Eqinisweni, kubalulekile kuphela iqembu elithile lezindlela. Uhlu lwezidakamizwa-amabhajithali lukhulu ngokwanele. Naphezu kokuthi imithi yaleli qembu inezinkambiso eziningi nemiphumela emibi, ngezinye izikhathi ngaphandle kosizo, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuphatha.
Indlela yokusebenza ye-barbiturates
Ama-barbiturates akwenziwa ngesisekelo se-barbituric acid. Zakhiwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Kuze kube manje, kusuka emithini engaphezu kweziyizinkulungwane eziwaziwayo ukuhlangana ngokudayiswa kungabi ngaphezu kuka-12. Ichazwa isenzo esinzima kakhulu semithi.
Ama-barbiturates anethonya elinamandla elinomdlandla, le-analgesic ne- hypnotic . Ngokuqinisekile, izidakamizwa eziningi zeqembu le-barbiturate zihlotshaniswa nezidakamizwa - ngokufanelekile. Iqiniso liwukuthi izidakamizwa zicindezela isimiso sezinzwa, futhi ukusetshenziswa okuvame kakhulu kusongela ukujwayela.
Isenzo se-barbiturates singaqhathaniswa nokuphendula komzimba kotshwala: okokuqala, isikhathi sokujabula nokujabula (kuye ngokuthi umthethosisekelo kanye nesimo sempilo yabantu, lesi sigaba singadlulela emaminithini amaningana kuya emahoreni amabili noma amathathu), emva kwalokho - ubuthongo obukhulu, emva kwalokho okucindezelekile futhi isimo esiphukile.
I-pharmacokinetics cishe cishe yonke ibhugururate iyafana. Izinto ezisebenzayo zamalungiselelo zisheshe kakhulu futhi zingene ngokuphelele ezingxenyeni zomuthi wamathumbu. Kwezinye izitho, ukukhangisa cishe akunakwenzeka. Ngokuyinhloko, ama-barbiturates adunyiswa emzimbeni ngezinso, kodwa uma ethatha izinhlobo ezithile zezidakamizwa, umthwalo omkhulu uwela esibindi.
Imithi ihluke esikhathini sokusebenza. Okufanelekile kukhethwe kuye ngokuthi inkinga. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, isiguli esisodwa sizosizwa ukuzola ngesenzo esincane (kuze kube yihora eziyisithupha), kanti omunye uzokuzwa umphumela kuphela emithini enamandla kakhulu.
Izidakamizwa eziningi ezivela kuhlu lwamabhajitridi zichazwe kula macala alandelayo:
- ngokudumala nokudumala;
- ukubhekana nokucindezeleka;
- ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa;
- lapho ulungiselela i-anesthesia;
- ngenxa yokungalali .
Ukudla kwangaphambili kwe-barbiturates kuthuthukisa umphumela we-anesthesia wendawo kanye nemithi yokwelashwa. Ungathatha lo muthi njengendlela yamathebulethi noma ama-powders, kungaba ngaphakathi noma nge-intramuscularly. Ezinye zezidakamizwa zivunyelwe ukungena ngokuqondile. Kodwa ngokuvamile ngokuvamile ama-barbiturates ajojowe emzimbeni ngaphakathi.
Ama-barbiturates - awakhathaza ngani?
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubonakala kungamangalisa kanjani, amagama eziningi zezidakamizwa ezibhekwa njengama-barbiturates sezizwakala manje. Cishe, kwadingeka uzwe ngemithi enjengale:
- I-Phenobarbital;
- I-Barbital;
- Heckobarbital;
- I-Butisol;
- I-Alurat nabanye.
Eziningi zezidakamizwa kulolu hlu ziyi-barbiturates esebenza isikhathi eside. Ithonya emzimbeni, liqala ngemuva kwekota yesigamu (futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangaphansi) ngemuva kokuthatha.
Uhlu lwezidakamizwa ezithandwa kakhulu-izibhamu zingabuye zihlanganise nemithi elandelayo:
- I-ethanamine ye-sodium;
- I-Cyclobarbital;
- I-Talbutal;
- I-Metarbital;
- Ukuphinda;
- I-Barbamyl;
- I-Methylphenobarbital;
- I-sodium thiopental;
- Fiorinal;
- Nembutal;
- Lozatus;
- Allobarbital nabanye.
Ekusebenzeni kwezokwelapha, ama-barbiturates avame ukusetshenziswa, njenge:
- I-Suratil;
- I-Thiopental;
- I-Brevital.
Thenga konke okulungiselelwe ngenhla ngaphandle kwemithi e-pharmacy ebhalisiwe ngokusemthethweni. Uma kunesidingo, kunombalwa olinganiselwe bangatholakala kudokotela oya khona.