Enye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wolwazi wengqondo ingumqondo wokuhlukanisa kwengqondo, futhi ibonakala kamuva. Inokuxhumana namanye amagatsha ale sayensi, kodwa futhi nemiphakathi yabantu, ifilosofi kanye ne-psychophysiology. Ngesizo salo, ukungezwani komuntu kanye nezindlela zokuxilongwa kwazo zihlelwa ngendlela efanele.
Ucwaningo oluthile oluthile lwe-psychology?
Isigaba sesayensi esihlola izici ezihlukile phakathi kwabantu abahlukene namakilasi ahlukene kuthiwa yi-psychology differential. Ngesizo salo kukhona ukuhlelwa kokuhlukana komuntu ngamunye nezindlela zokuzimisela kwakhe. Kuyasiza ukuhlola umehluko ezindaweni eziningi. Usosayensi wokuqala owaqala ukuqhuba ucwaningo ngalesi sihloko nguWilliam Stern. Imisebenzi emibili eyinhloko yokwahlukana kwengqondo: ukuhlonza ukuhlukana komuntu ngamunye kanye nencazelo yentuthuko yabo.
Njengamanje, lesi sayensi sibhekene nokuqondiswa kwezimfanelo zobuntu ezihlobene nomuntu siqu, ingokomoya, umbono jikelele, izici zokuziqaphela kanye nesitayela somuntu siqu. Ngonyaka, ukuphelela nokuthuthukiswa kwezindlela ezihlukahlukene nezindlela ezenza kube lula ukubona umuntu kanye nezici zakhe zenziwa. I-psychology yanamuhla yokuhlukanisa isebenzisa ama-mathematical-static devices athuthukile.
I-psychology ehlukene - izindlela
Kusetshenziselwa amasu amaningana ahlukahlukene, ahlukaniswe ngokujwayelekile abe ngamaqembu amaningana. Izindlela zesayensi jikelele zingabizwa ngokuthi ukuguqulwa kwamasu athile athandwayo asetshenziswa kwezinye izikhombandlela. Zihlanganisa ukubuka, ukuhlolwa nokulinganisa. Iqembu lesibili yizindlela ezingokwengqondo zokuhlukana kwengqondo, okuhloswe ngazo ekunqumeni izimo zemvelo nokuphila kwezinye izinto ezihlukahlukene.
Uhlobo olulandelayo lumelelwa ngezindlela zomlando ezizinikezelwe ekutadisheni ubuntu obuvelele nezimo eziye zaba namandla okuba ngokomoya. Ukuqoqa kokugcina izindlela zezengqondo, okuyisisekelo esithile sokuqonda lesi siqondiso sengqondo. Zihlanganisa izindlela ezilandelayo zokwazi: ezethula, psychophysiological, socio-psychological, age-psychological and psychosemantic.
I-psychology ehlukene - ubuntu
Kunezimboni eziningana ezigxila emisebenzini yazo ngolwazi lwezindawo ezithile. I- psychology yobuntu obuhlukile ifunda umehluko phakathi kwabantu, izimbangela nemiphumela yabo. Izindlela eziyinhloko zokutadisha yizivivinyo ezenza sikwazi ukukala izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo zomuntu ngamunye. Ngomqondo onjengomuntu kukhona isethi ethile yezinto ezibonisa umuntu ngamunye, futhi ahlukanise amakilasi amathathu: uhlamvu, ubumnene namakhono, njengokuqonda, ukugqugquzela, okudingayo kanye nokuzibophezela.
Isici esibalulekile somuntu isimo sakhe sengqondo ngokuqondene nomphakathi kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo ekhona. Ichazwe izinga lokuqonda ubudlelwane babo nokusimama kwabo. Umuntu akazalwanga ngamakhono athile, izintshisekelo, umlingiswa nezinye izici, njengoba zakhiwa kulo lonke ukuphila, kodwa ngesisekelo esithile semvelo.
I-psychology ehlukene - ikhono
Izimpawu zomuntu ngamunye-ezingokwengqondo ngokuvamile zibizwa ngamakhono. Ziyisimo sokusebenza ngokuphumelelayo kwemisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Amakhono e-psychology ehlukeneyo achazwa ngezici ezifanele. Banike izimfanelo nobuningi, okungukuthi, izinga lokukhuluma. Amakhono kokuqala aboniswe umkhuba angaba nezinhlobo ezimbili:
- Jikelele . Chaza uhlelo lwezimfanelo zomuntu ezibalulekile ekufundeni ulwazi nokwenza umsebenzi ohlukile.
- Okukhethekile . Kusetshenziselwa ukuchaza izindawo zomuntu, okungenzeka ukuthi ufinyelele ezindaweni eziphakeme ezindaweni ezahlukene.
Ngokuphathelene nezici ezithintekayo, zithathwa ngezinga lokubonakaliswa kwamathuba. Ukuhlolwa nokuvivinya umzimba kusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa. Sebenzisa le mboni ukuchaza indlela enjalo: uhlobo lwezinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nohlobo lomsebenzi. Ingxenye ebalulekile yokwakhiwa kwekhono yimisebenzi kanye nokusebenza ekusetshenzisweni kwazo.
Umqondo wendabuko e-psychology ehlukile
Imibandela ikuvumela ukuba uqondisise kangcono isihloko, uhlole amanye ama-nuances. Isimiso sinomqondo oqinile, futhi kubonakala sengathi uyinto enhle, ngenxa yokuqokwa okuvamile kwento ekhona. Kunezincazelo ezahlukene zale mqondo, ezisebenza ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi. Izimo zengqondo zokuhlukana kwengqondo zibangelwa izinkolelo zomphakathi, ngakho-ke uma ukuziphatha komuntu kungavumelani namathoni ekhona, khona-ke kubonakala sengathi ukuphambuka. Amashadi avuselelwe njalo futhi ashintshiwe.