Igumbi lesitshalo elihlala njalo lesitshalo lemon elilodwa lingelamndeni we rut, uhlobo lwe-citrus. Indawo yakhe yokuzalwa yiNdiya, inyawo lama-Himalaya. Ekhaya efasiteleni ukukhula akulula futhi kuyathandeka kakhulu. Ngokunakekelwa kahle, isihlahla singathela izithelo, izithelo zawo zinjengoba ezihlwabusayo njengoba zikhula ngaphansi kwelanga elisezantsi.
Izinhlobo zamakhele ekamelweni
I-citrus yasekhaya idonsela ngamaqabunga e-emerald acwebezelayo nezithelo eziphuzi ezikhanyayo. Ikamelo lemon - incazelo:
- lesi sitshalo sibhekwa ngaphansi komhlaba, izibonelo ezindala kunazo zonke zingakwazi ukufinyelela ubude buka 1.5 m;
- isihlahla sinezihlahla ezinameva;
- amaqabunga ayenesikhumba, ahlangene, avule, ama-dentate, aqukethe amafutha abalulekile;
- Izikhathi eziningi ngonyaka umkhiqizo wakhe ama rosettes amancane amhlophe (4-5 cm ububanzi) ngobuningi bezinhlaka kanye nephunga elimnandi elihlanza igumbi lephunga elimnandi;
- ihlumela iqala amaviki amahlanu, ihluma izinsuku ezingama-50;
- ihlwanyela i-citrus yasekhaya esisodwa izikhathi ezine ngonyaka, kuye ngokuthi ezihlukahlukene, isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwezithelo izinsuku ezingu-200-230;
- isithelo sinombala ophuzi okhanyayo kanye nephunga elimnandi lemon, inyama iyamanzi futhi iyomuncu;
- ekuthuthukiseni okuvamile isivuno sihluma unyaka wonke - esihlahleni kanyekanye singakha ama-ovaries, amafihle, izimbali nezithelo.
Amakhemikhali ekamelo - izinhlobo:
- I-Genoa, i-Panderosa yizinhlobonhlobo ezithandwayo ezivelele ezinika izithelo ezinkulu njalo;
- Umlingisi - ongathobeki, ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi "isiqhwa saseChina", isithelo asikona njengento ehlukile;
- Pavlovsky - ezihlukahlukene kakhulu odume, inikeza izithelo unyaka wonke, ukuphakama - 1.5 m;
- I-Kursk, i-Novogruzinsky - i- citrus fruiting ende , ecebile nge- citrus, idinga ukunakekelwa okungaphezulu ngokubunjwa komqhele.
Ikamelo lokukhulisa lemon
Ukukhulisa ikamelo lemon kulula kusuka etsheni. Ukubeka isihlahla, kungcono ukhethe i-window eseningizimu noma empumalanga ifakwe ngokukhanyisa okuhle. I-Lemon iyi-plant thermophilic, izinga lokushisa elikhulu ngoba liyi-15-22 ° C. Ukutshala kwenziwa ekujuleni kwe-1-2 cm ngebanga lika-5 cm emabhokisini amancane anesitshalo sobumba obunwetshiwe noma amalahle. Iqukethe isivuno endaweni ekhanyayo, ihluma ngemva kwamasonto amabili. Emva kokuvela kwamahlumela ukhethe okuqinile, ikhava ngejubane. Ngemuva kokuthi amaqabunga ambalwa ahlume, i-specimen ifakwa embizeni eyi-10 cm.
Umhlabathi for lemon yangaphakathi
Inhlabathi evundile ye-amakhemikhali angaphakathi kumele ibe ne-acidic noma ingathathi hlangothi (6-7 pH), i-aerated. Ukuze uzilungiselele kudingekile ukuba wenze ingxube ye-meadow turf, iqabunga lomhlaba, isihlabathi esinamafutha, i-humus ku-isilinganiso (2: 2: 1: 1). Ungasebenzisa inhlabathi ye-citrus esitolo, ukuyixuba ezinxenyeni ezilinganayo ne-peat. Khona-ke ukwakheka kuyoba ukukhanya nokuphefumula.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali angaphakathi
Ukuze i-lemon yangaphakathi, i-cuttings yindlela ethandwayo yokukhiqiza. Ngokuba amahlumela entwasahlobo athathe amahlumela 10 cm usayizi nge 3-4 efihlekile namahlamvu 2-3. Igatsha liphathwa ngokugqugquzela ukuthuthukisa izimpande futhi kufakwe emanzini izinsuku ezintathu. Ukulima kufanelekile inhlabathi emanzini, isihlabathi esihlwanyelwe kakhulu kanye nenhlabathi yemifino ekwabelweni okulinganayo. I-Cuttings ingcwatshwe ngo-3 cm, amaqabunga e-daily e-moisten, i-substrate akufanele ibe ne-stagnation yamanzi. Ukuqothula kwenzeka ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-30-45, kanti isitshalo singatshala kwenye ibhodlela.
Ukunakekelwa kwekhaya leLim Lemon
Ukunakekela ikamelo lemon kuyinkampani enzima. Uthanda ukukhanya okuhle, ukubuka izinga lokushisa nokuphuza. Ukuze kukhule amaqabunga, udinga okungenani u-17 ° C, ngesikhathi kuthuthukiswa izithelo, izinga lokushisa kufanele lenyuke libe yi-+22 ° C. Ukunakekela ikamelo lemon kuhilela inhlangano yokukhanyisa okuhle. Ilanga eliqondile kufanele liwele esihlahleni amahora amabili ngosuku. Emthini awuzange uhlakulele, zonke izinsuku ezingu-10 kufanele zijikelezwe nge-10 ° ezungeze i-axis yayo. Ebusika, ngokukhanya kwelanga elifushane - hlela ukukhanyisa ngosizo lwezibani.
Ukudubula kwamakhemikhali angaphakathi
Ukusika izihlahla njalo kunconywa ukuba isihlahla sibe nomqhele omuhle. Indlela yokunakekela ikamelo lemon:
- ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila isitshalo sinikeza ukuphunyuka kwe-30 cm;
- Ngenkathi yesibili entwasahlobo i-pruner kufanele ichithe, ishiye ukuphakama kwama-20 cm, kanti isihlahla sizoqala ukukhulula amahlumela aso;
- Amahlumela aphansi kumele asuswe, ashiye ama-top amathathu - azokwakha ama-skeleton of culture;
- ngonyaka ozayo benza okufanayo namagatsha ase-lateral - anciphise ukugqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwehlumela lamadodakazi, bese kushiywa amahlumela ambalwa angaphezulu;
- Igumbi lemon liqala ukubukeka kahle ngamagquma kuze kufike ku-5-6 branching;
- esikhathini esizayo, amahlumela okwanela okukhulayo noma abashiye.
Ungondla kanjani ikamelo lemon?
I-Citrus ekhaya idinga ukondla. Yondla izihlahla uma zifinyelela eminyakeni engu-2-3 ubudala. Umquba omuncu usebenzisa izingoma eziyinkimbinkimbi zamaminerali esikhathini sehlobo sasehlobo-ehlobo kabili ngenyanga. Kusukela phakathi kwekwindla, ukwakheka kwenziwa njalo emavikini ayisithupha. Amahora amabili ngaphambi kokufaka umquba, i-substrate ebhodweni ibalulekile ukuwa amanzi ngamanzi ahlanzekile.
Kusukela esihlahleni, umuthi ulamula ukwanda kwezingodo zomlilo, ukuchithwa kwe-birch (ingxenye engamatshumi amaqabunga angatshalaliswa ngamanzi futhi asebekhulile izinsuku ezingu 2-3) ihlanjululwe izikhathi ezingu-5-6 ngomquba omusha. Umanyolo we-organic for lemon yangaphakathi uqaliswa ngemvamisa efanayo njengokwenziwe ngamaminerali. Uma kukhona ukukhula okujulile kobumnyama obuhlaza okwenza izithelo zilimale, i-nitrogen kufanele isuswe ku-feedings kanye ne-phosphorous component eyengeziwe;
Ukunisela igumbi lemon
Ngaphambi kokunakekela i-lemon ekamelweni, kubalulekile ukutadisha imithetho yokunyusa kwayo. Kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuSeptemba, i-citrus yasekhaya idinga ukuchelela ngokulinganayo nsuku zonke, ebusika incishiswa ibe kanye ngesonto. Umuthi uhambelana namanzi angabanda, agcinwe amahora angu-5. Thele phezu kwawo wonke ubhodlela. Lesi sitshalo sithanda ukufafaza ngamanzi abilisiwe afudumele, ikakhulukazi ebusika, uma kusetshenzwa izinhlelo zokushisa. Nge-citrus, umoya "omanzi" ojikeleze umqhele ubaluleke kakhulu kunomswakama owedlulele emhlabathini.
Izifo zamakhemikhali ekamelweni
Izifo ezahlukene zekamelo lemon ekhaya zingabangelwa ama-microorganisms eziyingozi nezinambuzane - isikhunta, amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, ama-mycoplasmas, ama-parasites. Izihlahla ezithintekayo zivela eziphambekweni ezimbi - ukuchithwa, ukufiphaza izithelo namahlamvu, amabala, ama-outgrowths, ukubola. Izinambuzane eziyingozi zezifo zithwala umoya, izinambuzane, amathonsi amanzi ngesikhathi sokunisela nokuphuza. Ngokuvamile izihlahla ezithintekile zithintekile, ngakho-ke uma ukuhlakulela kubalulekile ukubanika ukunakekelwa okusemandleni, uma kuvela inkinga - ukulwa nayo.
Kungani amaqabunga ephuzi ekamelweni lemon?
Ngokuvamile, ukunakekelwa okungafanele kuholela esibhedlela se-ulamula wangaphakathi, amaqabunga aphuzi. Kunezizathu eziningana:
- Ukuntuleka kwezakhi. I-calcium inomthwalo wesimiso, i-phosphorus iyasiza ekusungulweni kwezithelo ezimnandi, i-nitrogen ithinta umbala onempilo wamaqabunga, futhi i-potassium ikhuthaza ukumiswa kwayo okujwayelekile. Ukusetshenziswa okwesikhashana kwama-fertilizer ngezinsimbi ezinjalo kuzosiza ukuvimbela ukuphuza kwamahlamvu.
- Ukungabi nokukhanyisa. I-lemon ekamelweni idinga usuku lwamahora angu-12, uma lufushane - i-backlight izosiza ngesibani se-fluorescent.
- Ukukhanya okungaphezulu, ukukhanya kwelanga kubangelwa ukushisa amaqabunga. Isihlahla kufanele sithuthelwe endaweni evulekile.
- Ukuntula umswakama kubangela amathiphu aphuzi amaqabunga. Kudingekile ukuba uphuthukise nsuku zonke isitshalo ngosizo lwe-atomizer. Kuwusizo eduze kwembiza ukugcina amanzi esitsheni esiphambanayo sokuphuza. Ehlobo, kanye ngesonto, isitshalo selulekwa ukuba ugeze ngaphansi kwesha.
- Izinguquko zokushisa ezibukhali, izinguquko, ukusondela kwamadivayisi okushisa kungabangela nokuphuza kwamahlamvu. Khona-ke udinga ukuqeda izici ezinjalo ezingathandeki.
Kungani amaqabunga ewela ekamelweni lemon?
Izimo ezingavumelekile zokugcina isihlahla ziholela ekutheni uqala ukulahla amaqabunga. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sekwindla nobusika. Amaqabunga aphilile kakhulu emthini, kungcono ukuthi ukhule futhi uthuthukise, ngokusho kwenani labo futhi ahlulele isimo sehlathi. Kwezinye izimo, lesi sitshalo sibuyiselwa ngokuzimela, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqeda imbangela yalesi simo esingathandeki. Uma ikamelo lemon lilahlekile amaqabunga, yini okufanele yenziwe:
- uma kukhona ukungabi nomswakama, faka lesi sitshalo njalo futhi ungavumeli inhlabathi ukuthi iphele;
- uma isitshalo sinokukhanya okuncane - sebenzisa izibani ezengeziwe;
- Hlanganisa i-hypothermia yezimpande, manzi amanzi esihlahleni kuphela ngamanzi afudumele;
- uma ibhodlela elivaliwe - isihlahla kufanele sitshalwe kwisitsha esikhulu (2-4 cm);
- lawula ukuthi emhlabathini akukho okweqile komswakama, okuholela ekubola kwempande;
- ukuhlola lesi sihlahla ukuze izinambuzane, uma zitholakala, zenze ukwelashwa.
Izifo zelamon yangaphakathi - amaqabunga aqinile
Kwezinye izimo, amahlamvu emahlumela abe mnandi - njengokungathi ahlanjululwe ngesiraphu, amakristalu angase akhiwe. Lesi sifo sibangela isikhunta, sihlala esihlahleni. Ngesikhathi ukwelashwa okungakafiki emanzini okunamathelayo umanyolo we-sooty oboniswa emagatsheni, izihlahla kanye namaqabunga amnyama ama-maculae kufakwa, ngaphandle kokwelapha lesi sitshalo siyabhubha.
Ukuqeda amahlamvu e-plaque ukusula ngesisombululo samafutha we-transformer (6 ml ngalinye ilitha 1 amanzi). Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-5-7, ukwelashwa kuphindwe. Isixazululo susa ukugqoka okunamandla futhi sibulala isikhumba esincane. Ungasebenzisa enye indlela yokwelapha i-lemon - ukunakekelwa kwendawo egumbini ngendlela yokupuniza nge-carbofox noma isixazululo sogwayi nakho kuyasiza. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa izikhathi ezingu-2-3 nge-interval of days 7.
Izinambuzane ze-lemon yangaphakathi
Izithelo ze-Citrus nazo zingonakaliswa izinambuzane ezijwayelekile. Ukuze ukhule ikamelo lemon, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungalwela kanjani:
- Izihlangu. Ngaphambi kwabo, amaqabunga awela, amagatsha asomile, isitshalo siyafa. Izinambuzane zihlanzwa ngebhashizi, amaqabunga ahlanzwa nge-emulsion yesobho (2 tbsp yesisombululo samanzi ngamanzi angu-1 l) amanzi, amanzi a-garlic (amakhanda angu-7-8 ahlongozwayo athululelwa ibhakede lamanzi amahora angu-24).
- Isibungu se-spider. Kutholakala ngezansi kweqabunga, kancane kancane liguqula isiko lonke. Uma kwenzeka isilonda kuyadingeka ukuba uphese isihlahla ngesisombululo se "Aktelika", phinda izikhathi ezingu-3 nge-interval of days 10.
- Amamithabhisi omuncu. Idla emifino, iholela emaqabungeni amahlumela nokuqhekeka kwesithelo. Lesi sitshalo kufanele sihlolwe futhi sihlulwe ngesandla ngamaphuphu alo.
- Ama-Aphid. Kudla ukuphakama kwamahlumela. Lesi sitshalo kumele siphonswe kathathu (njalo ngezinsuku ezingu-10) ngesisombululo se "Aktelik". Eduze ungabeka imbiza yegeranium. Sizosiza futhi ukuphalaza ngamanzi agalikhi.
- Thrips. Zibukeka njengamaqabunga amnyama amnyama, angakwazi ukundiza, athathe ama-virus. Ukubhujiswa, isihlahla sihlanzwa ngaphansi kweshazi, siphathwa nge-emulsion yesobho.
- I-Whitefly. Izimpungushe zikhona engxenyeni engezansi yamaqabunga. Isihlahla sihlanjululwa ngezinambuzane okungenani izikhathi ezingu-5 njalo kwezinsuku ezintathu.