Abaningi bayazi, isinaphi yiphunga elimnandi, elihloselwe ukupheka. Kodwa hhayi abaningi bayazi ukuthi lwesinaphi sinamanye izinzuzo eziwusizo. Kulaba basakhula isitshalo esikhethekile esiza ukufeza imigomo ethile:
- ngokushesha futhi ngekhwalithi ukukhulula ubuso bomhlabathi, ukugcwalisa izinto ezinjenge-nitrogen, isulfure ne-phosphorus;
- futhi isardard-siderate kusiza ukulwa nezinambuzane ezinobungozi ezinjenge-wireworm, enomthelela omubi ezimpandeni zesakhiwo sakho. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhlwanyela ekwindla kwemasipha omhlophe kubhekwa ngokuphumelelayo ekulwa nalesi sifo. Ingabe kuyadingeka ukumba umasipha ekwindla? Kulesi simo, kudingekile ukuba wenze lokhu, ngoba ukuhlwanyelwa kwesinaphi kuyaphazamisa ukuqhutshwa kwentambo futhi kuholela ekufeni kwayo okulandelayo;
- ukwethula izici ze-phytosanitary emhlabathini ohlwanyelwe, okuzovumela ukulwa nezinhlobo ezithile eziyingozi ze-fungal. Isifungi esivame kakhulu sibhekwa njenge-phytophthora, i-fusariosis ne-rhizoctonia, ebizwa ngabantu abantu abamnyama.
Ingabe udinga ukumba inhlamvu yesinaphi ekwindla ngaphambi kobusika?
Emvelweni, kunezinhlobo eziningana zesinaphi, kodwa izinketho eziwusizo kakhulu futhi eziwusizo njengoba umanyolo ubhekwa njengezimhlophe noma zeSareptiya ezihlukahlukene. Namuhla, abalimi abaningi bayaqhubeka bebuza: kuyadingeka yini ukumba umvalo, ohlwanyelwe ekwindla? Kumele uqaphele ukuthi le mustard elimhlophe, elivame ukutshala ekwindla, libhekwa njengesitshalo saminyaka yonke, okuyinto engeyona nje umsizi emhlabathini, kodwa futhi nokudla kwezilwane eziningi.
Ngakho-ke, udinga ukumba isardadi ekuwa? Abaningi be-agronomists abanolwazi bathi lolu luhlobo lwalolu hlobo luwanele kuphela ukugaya, okuzovumela ukunikeza indawo yendawo indawo yokukhosela eyengeziwe futhi udale ungqimba olukhethekile oluvundile.
Ungakumbamba nini umvalo wesinaphi ekutholeni?
Abanye balimi bakholelwa ukuthi akudingekile ukuwugubha. Phela, ngenxa yemvelo enamandla, inhlabathi igcwele umthamo omkhulu wezakhi, ngakho-ke lolu hlobo lwe-siderata lungwanele ngaphambi kokuqala komkhuhlane bese lushiya luhlaka oluqinile emhlabathini. Ukuphathwa okunjalo kuzosiza ukuvikela umhlaba, ukuwugcwalisa ngamavithamini adingekayo.
Imithetho yokumba umasiphadi
Uma usufuna ukumba isardu, kufanelekile ukukhumbula imithetho ethile ekhethekile:
- Okokuqala, lesi yisikhathi esithile sonyaka. Ochwepheshe abaningi batusa ukuphela kwehlobo noma ekwindla zakuqala kule nqubo, lezi zikhathi zibhekwa njengezifanelekile kakhulu, ngoba isardard ezayo yasebusika izodingeka igcwalise inhlabathi ngezigaba eziwusizo eziqukethe. Kungcono nini ukumba umasitini etshalwe ekwindla? Abanye balimi abanolwazi bakholelwa ukuthi kungcono ukuwugubha ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngoba ebusika yilo ongakwazi ukuvikela umhlaba wakho ngokuqandisa.
- Omunye umthetho uzoba umcibisholo wokuqala, okumele ukuthi ulinde. Phela, ekuqaleni kwamasinaphi okuluma isikhathi eside anelindile kunenani elikhulu lezinto eziwusizo, okuzokwenza ngokushesha ukuthi linike inhlabathi.
- Ngemuva kokuba isinaphi iqale ukuqhakaza, kuzodingeka igoqwe ngefosholo, futhi lokhu kuzodingeka kwenziwe ngendlela ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi "i-coma". Yile ndlela yokuqala yokumba lokho ezovumela ukugcwalisa inhlabathi ngamaminerali asebenzayo kanye nezinto eziphilayo.
- Ukukhipha isardadi, kubalulekile ukususa yonke imifino etholakalayo enhlabathini, ngoba i-thicket eluhlaza okwesigamu esiphundu kunazo zonke izimpethu, ezicubungulwa ngokushesha.
Ukuqaphela imithetho ethile kuzosiza ekwakhekeni kwe-mustard, okuzovumela ukuthi kusetshenziswe lesi sitshalo esikhathini esizayo.