Abaqalayo banemibuzo eminingi mayelana nokunakekelwa kwe-apula nokugoma: kungani uhlwanyela umuthi we-apula, ukuthi ungayenza kanjani kahle, ngasiphi isikhathi sonyaka kubalulekile ukutshala i-apula? Sizozama ukuphendula okuvame kakhulu kubo.
Kungani kufanele utshale i-apula?
Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu:
- Ukuthola umuthi omusha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ikhwalithi yezinhlobonhlobo. Umuthi we-apula, njengezinye izihlahla eziningi zegadi, awulondolozi izimfanelo ezihlukahlukene ze "umzali" wakhe lapho ukusabalalisa imbewu kukhishwa ngokugoma. Ngemuva kwe-inoculation, i-apula igcina zonke izakhiwo zekhwalithi ephezulu futhi inikeza izithelo ezifanayo okumnandi nezomuthi njengesihlahla "somzali".
- Futhi, indlela "yokuxhunyelelwa" isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izithelo zezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha esikhundleni somqhele ophansi-noma ukudala umuthi wama-apula amaningi ngaphandle kokungekho isikhala esiningi engadini.
- Ukubuyisela umuthi owonakele.
Kungcono nini ukutshala i-apula?
Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu salolu msebenzi siyintwasahlobo, umzuzwana ngaphambi kokuvulwa kwehlumela, lapho umuthi uvuswa kuphela ebusika, esikhathini esibizwa ngokuthi ukuqala kokugeleza kwamanzi. Ngokuvamile lokhu sekuphela kuka-Ephreli, lapho izinga lokushisa lansukuzonke liphakathi +7 kuya ku-9 ° C. Izindlela ezivame kakhulu zokuhlanganiswa kwezihlahla zama-apple entwasahlobo: ukuqhutshwa ngcono kokusebenza, ukusetshenziswa nokujikeleza.
Kungenzeka yini ukutshala i-apula ekwindla?
Ukuhlunga izihlahla ze-apple ekwindla, lapho umuthi ulungele ubusika, kungenzeka futhi, kodwa kubalulekile ukuwuqhuba ngokuvumelana nayo yonke imithetho. I-autumn inoculation ye-apula izihlahla kufanele zenziwe ngo-Septhemba, ngokulindela ukuthi ngaphambi kokuqala kwamaqhwa, ukuhlanganiswa kufanele kufakwe izimpande, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzofa nge-frosts eqinile.
Indlela yokutshala apula ekwindla?
Ngasekuqaleni kokuwa, zigonywe, njengasehlobo (lokhu ngokuvamile kuyisimo se-ocularization). Into esemqoka ukuthi i-bark kufanele ihambe kahle. Ngo-September-Okthoba, ungasebenzisa indlela yokujikeleza ekamelweni. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwenziwa i-cleavage, ama-cuttings anqunywa ngesimo somgodla futhi efakwe ngokungathandwa kancane kwengxenye ephansi yokuhlanganisa i-cambium, konke lokhu kuhlanganiswe nefilimu ye-polyethylene. Khona-ke udinga ukuwafaka esitsheni, futhi kuleli fomu kufanele lithathwe esiteji esingaphansi, lapho kuzogcinwa khona ukushisa okuphansi kanye nokushisa kuze kufike entwasahlobo. Ukukhula kuyokwenzeka masinyane, kanti izithombo entwasahlobo zizodlulisa ubuhlungu ukufakelwa.
Ngingayithola kanjani i-inoculation emthini we-apula?
Ngenxa yalokhu, thatha isitshalo ngamaqabunga amabili esitshalweni esikhiqizayo kakhulu. Kumele uhlanzeke ekuthungeni emagqabeni. Geza ngamanzi abilayo wonke amathuluzi, isiqu, indawo yokuxhunyelelwa ekusikeni, bese usula i-napkin ehlanzekile. Ummese kumele ukhalime, njengoba ukucubungula okubangelwa yilo blade kuzophulukisa ngokushesha. Kubalulekile ukugcina isimo esiyinhloko - ukungahambi kahle kwezingxenye ze-cambial ze-graft kanye nesitoko. Kunezindlela eziningi ze-inoculation, nansi ambalwa okuyisisekelo: uhlelo lokusebenza, ukujikeleza, ukuqhuma, amagxolo, ukusika.
Izitebhisi zokuhlanganiswa kwezihlahla ze-apula "zegxolo":
- Igatsha eliyinhloko lomuthi linqunywe ngendlela yokuthi cishe u-70 cm uhlala esihlahleni.
- Hlanza indawo ngomese.
- Emagatsheni amagxolo enza ukuchotshozwa okuqondile kuze kube ngu-6 cm, ukuze ummese ufike emkhuni.
- Ibhakede lezinsipho (izingxenye zesitshalo esiteshini se-inoculation) liyahlukana.
- Yenza ukusika kwe-oblique kwi-cuttings ye-scion.
- Ingxenye engezansi ye-cut is sharpened kusuka ohlangothini olubhekene nokunqunywa futhi ifakwe esiqwini se-rootstock.
- Isinyathelo sokugcina ukubopha izingosi zokugoma nge-tape kagesi (i-twine, ifilimu).
Indlela yokutshala izihlahla ze-apula ngasekupheleni kwehlobo?
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi kukhona ukunyakaza kokushisa okusebenzayo, amaqabunga ahlanganisiwe, izimbali zomuthi, ngakho indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlobisa. Kungcono ukuyiqhuba ekuseni noma esimweni sezulu esibhakabhakeni. Kuyinto elula ekubulaweni, kuhluke ngamaphesenti aphezulu e-fusion. Ukuze wenze lokhu, usike i-flap ye-kidney (ingxenye ye-stem kusukela ekudubula endaweni ye-nodal 2.5-3 cm ubude no-0.5 cm ububanzi) kusuka kwesibhamu sonyaka owodwa bese uyifaka ngaphansi kwempande ye-root in the "T" ngaphambi kokunqunywa. Emva kokufaka, le sayithi iboshwe esiqondisweni esiphansi nge-tape polymer. Izinso kufanele zihlale zikhululekile. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili noma amabili, kuyadingeka ukukhulula ukubopha. Ngenqubo ephumelelayo, i-eye izohluma entwasahlobo ezayo.