I-Salmonellosis - izimpawu kubantu abadala kanye nezindlela ezinhle zokwelashwa

Phakathi kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, eyingozi kunazo zonke i-salmonella - izimpawu kubantu abadala zifana nalabo abathintekayo ezinganeni. Uma ungaphenduki ngesikhathi ngezibonakaliso ze-alamu ezinikezwa umzimba futhi ungaqali ukwelashwa, imiphumela ingaba yingozi kakhulu.

Ukutheleleka kwe-salmonella kunamathuba amangaki?

Imithombo yokutheleleka ingaba yizinyoni, abantu kanye nezilwane ezifudumele. Okuyingozi kakhulu kule nkinga kukhona izingulube nezinkomo. Kulezi zilwane, ama-bacteria aphikisayo lesi sifo ayibangeli ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo. Noma kunjalo, izingulube nezinkomo zivame ukuhambisa lesi sifo. Ukutheleleka kwe-Salmonella kwenzeka ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwenyama noma ubisi okungakahlelwe kahle ngokushisa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusakazwa kokutheleleka kungaba izinyoni. Umuntu uzongenwa igciwane uma edla inyama eye yathola ukwelashwa okwanele okushisa. Ungatheleleka uma uphuza okuluhlaza noma udla iqanda elibilisiwe ngokuphelele. Okuyingozi kakhulu i-yolk. Izimpawu ze-Salmonellosis kubantu abadala zizoqala ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-rodents, izilwane ezifuywayo, amajuba, ondlunkulu kanye nezinye izinyoni "zasemadolobheni" zingakwazi ukuthelela lesi sifo.

I-Pathogen ye-salmonellosis

Lesi sifo sibangelwa amagremu-aphansi, amabhaktheriya anomumo wenduku. Bangabase-Salmonella yohlobo. Ububanzi, la mabhaktheriya angafinyelela ku-1.5 μm, futhi ubude - 5 μm. Ubude bompilo babo buxhomeke emvelweni:

• ngaphandle kwezinto eziphilayo, amabhaktheriya agcina impahla yawo ngesonto;
• othulini ekamelweni bangaphila ezinye izinyanga ezintathu;
• emagodini, ukuphila kweSalmonella kuqhubeka izinsuku ezingu-120;
• enyama egciwane, ama-bacteria ajulile angaphila kuze kube unyaka;
• ebisi le-Salmonella liqhubeka likhona kusukela ku-10 (emfudumeni) kuya kuma-20 (esiqandisini);
• Umsebenzi obalulekile walezi zinambuzane ezinobungozi ebhotela uhlala izinyanga ezine;
• Eqanda, amabhaktheriya ahlala kuze kube unyaka, futhi kugobolondo - cishe izinsuku ezingu-20.

Ukushisa okunempilo kokukhiqiza okusebenzayo kwe-salmonella kuyinto engama-37 ° C, ngakho umzimba womuntu uthathwa njengenhlangano engcono kakhulu yokufaka incubator. Ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwezinambuzane ezinobungozi kwenzeka ngisho naseqandisini. Kulesi simo, ngesikhathi ukwelashwa kokushisa emkhiqizo ogciwane, amabhaktheriya aqhubeka ephila isikhathi esithile. Isibonelo, inyama ye-salmonella iphela ekushiseni kwama-70 ° C futhi ngemva kwemizuzu eyishumi kuphela emva kokupheka. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, imikhiqizo kufanele ibe ngaphansi kokwelashwa okwanele.

I-salmonella isakazwa kanjani?

Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokutheleleka. I-Salmonella kubantu ingavela ngenye yezindlela ezilandelayo:

1. Umzila we-Fecal-oral - ngokusebenzisa ukudla, amanzi, uthuli, lapho amabhaktheriya atholakala khona emithonjeni eyomile yezinto eziphilayo ezinegciwane.
2. Ngokuxhumana - ukusebenzisa izitsha ezivamile, izinto zokuhlanzeka komuntu siqu, insimbi yezokwelapha engavinjelwanga kahle njalonjalo.
3. Ukudluliselwa kwama-bacteria ngama-parasites - izimpukane, izinkamba. Kuvame ukuqhuma phakathi nenkathi eshisayo.

Uma sicabanga nge-salmonellosis ngokuningiliziwe, izimpawu kubantu abadala zibonakaliswa ngesimo esibi kulawo maguli:

• ukuhlushwa yi-anemia;
• ngemuva kwe- intestinal dysbiosis ;
• nge-secretion encane yejusi esiswini;
• ngemuva kwesibeletho sokuvuvukala.

I-Salmonellosis - isikhathi sokutshala

Isikhathi salesi sigaba esimweni ngasinye singumuntu ngamunye. Isikhathi sokukhushulwa sisuka emahoreni angu-6 kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ngemuva kokuxhumana nomthwali we-salmonellosis, ukutheleleka kungenzeka kumazinga anjalo:

• ukukhanya - izimbonakaliso ziyabonakala masinyane emva kokutheleleka (ukuhluka kwezifo zesisu);
• zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-40 emva kokutheleleka - lokhu kuwuphawu lwesimo se-typhoid esifana nesifo;
• ukuthutha kokutheleleka - izimpawu azibonakali, kodwa umuntu ngokwakhe uyingozi kwabanye.

Salmonellosis - Ukuxilongwa

Ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kokuqala kwesiguli, udokotela uyomcela ngokuningiliziwe ngezikhalazo nenhlalakahle. Emva kokuhlolwa okubukwayo, lochwepheshe uzobheka umuntu ofake isicelo kuye ukuze ahlole olunye ulwazi. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-salmonellosis kufaka isifundo:

• udoti;
• umchamo;
• igazi;
• ukugeza amanzi;
• hlamba.

Ngaphambi kokuba udlulise udoti lwe-salmonellosis, udinga ukulungiselela ngokufanele. Izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokutadisha, kubalulekile ukuyeka ukuthatha imithi ehloswe ekuthuthukiseni amathumbu emathunjini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsuku ezingu-2 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, iziguli zifakwe emithini yemithi yesiguli esingaba nesitoreji. Izinto eziphenywayo kumele zibe zintsha. Lokhu kwandisa ukwethembeka kwemiphumela etholakalayo.

Izimpawu ze-salmonellosis kumuntu omdala

Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuyehluka kwezifo ezihlukahlukene. Izimpawu ze-salmonella kubantu abadala abanesimo sokugoma kwesifo ziveza ngokwabo kanje:

• ubuhlungu obunzima emvelweni;
• umboco omhlophe olimini ;
• isifo sohudo (isitulo esinama-mucus kanye ne-foam);
• ukuhlanza;
• i-tachycardia;
• ukunciphisa ukucindezelwa kwegazi;
• isifo somzimba;
• izikhukhula;
• ukushisa komzimba + 39 ° С;
• ikhanda.

Izimpawu ze-salmonella ezifana ne-tiphoid kubantu abadala zilandelayo:

• flatulence;
• ukwanda kwesibindi nesibindi;
• iqhuma esikhumbeni;
• i-hue elibomvu lolimi;
• ukuphelelwa amandla nokuhleleka;
• izimpawu ezivamile ze-malaise.

Izimpawu ze-sticonellosis ze-Septic kubantu abadala zilawa:

• ukuphuzi kwesikhumba;
• i-pustules emzimbeni;
• ukujuluka okukhulu;
• izikhukhula.

Ukushisa ku-salmonellosis

Lesi esinye sezici eziyinhloko zesifo. Ngokugula okuncane, izinga lokushisa liyi-subfebrile. Ngamanye amazwi, aphezulu ngaphezu kuka-38 ° C. Ngezifo ezinzima, amanani ayo angakhuphuka abe ngu-39 ° C. Kungakanani izinga lokushisa eligcina nge-salmonellosis, kuxhomeke esimweni sesifo, izinga layo kanye nokuzivikela komzimba. Ngokuvamile isimo somkhuhlane sibona izinsuku ezingu-3-4.

I-Cal ku-salmonellosis

Kulesi sifo esithathelwanayo, izitokisi zingaba amanzi noma ama-mushy. Ziningi, ziphovu. Kuvame ukudwetshwa umbala obomvu obomvu. Ngokuvamile emanzini abeka umcubu negazi elilalelayo (umcengezi uba umthunzi we "inyamazane"). Ngokwemvamisa, lezi zibonakaliso ze-salmonellosis zenzeka:

• uhlobo oluthile lwegciwane - kuze kube izikhathi eziyisihlanu ngosuku;
• uma kunesisindo esilinganiselwe sesifo - izikhathi ezingaba ngu-10 ngosuku;
• ngesimo esibi - kuze kube izikhathi ezingu-20 ngosuku.

Salmonellosis - ukwelashwa

Ngemuva kokuthola imiphumela kusuka kwizifundo zokuxilongwa nokuhlola okubonwayo kwesiguli, udokotela ukhetha uhlelo olufanele lokwelapha. Phakathi nezigaba ezinzima zesifo, kanye nenkambo eqhubekayo yokugula komuntu oye wabhekisana nabo, bayiswa esibhedlela. Ngokugula okuncane, ukwelashwa kungenziwa ekhaya ngaphansi kokuqondiswa udokotela.

Nansi indlela yokwelapha i-salmonella ngemithi:

• Ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwe-Glucosolan, i- Regidron noma i-Citroglucosolane;
• lapho ukwelashwa kwe-parenteral kusetshenziswa yiClosol noma i-Trisol;
• uma kuphelelwa amandla, ikhambi le-glucose lijojowe ngaphakathi;
• phakathi kwalabo abasebenzisa izintambo kanye nomshini osebenzayo;
• Ngokuvamile ukuqoka imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo - Lineks, Bactisubtil, Hilak forte;
• ama-antispasmodics asetshenzisiwe - uPataverin noNo-shpa;
• Nge-antidiarrheal therapy, i- Indomethacin ivame ukushiwo.

Ngemuva kwe-salmonellosis, kunomsoco okhethekile. Ukudla kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kokudla okulandelayo:

• Kuphekwe emgqonyeni wamanzi (irayisi, i-buckwheat noma i-semolina);
• imikhiqizo yobisi enomsoco ophansi;
• i-kissels;
• izinhlanzi ezincibilikile nenyama (abilisiwe);
• amazambane ahlambulukile (emanzini ngaphandle kwamafutha);
• abaqaphi;
• mix mix of apula, ubhanana kanye izaqathe.

I-Salmonellosis - ama-antibiotics

Iningi lamanzi ezincane ezinobungozi ayamelana nezidakamizwa zokulwa ne-antibacterial. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izidakamizwa zaleli qembu zisetshenziselwa kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu - lapho izimpawu ze-salmonellosis kubantu abadala zigcwele. Ukusetshenziswa okungafaneleki kwama-antibiotic kuyingozi empilweni. Izidakamizwa ezinjalo zivimbela ukukhipha kwama-toxins namabhaktheriya awasakaza. Ngenxa yalokho, izimpawu ze-salmonellosis zibonakaliswa kubantu abadala abanomkhawulo omkhulu, okubonisa ukugqwala komzimba okwedlulele.

Ngokuvamile, le mithi inqunywe ngamanani amabili ahlukene. Esigabeni sokuqala, ukwelashwa kwe-salmonellosis kubantu abadala abane-antibacterial agents kwenziwa ngezinsuku ezingu-3-5 emva kokuqala kwezimpawu. Imithi inikezwa nge-intravenously noma nge-intramuscularly. Lapho kungenzeka ukunciphisa ukuxwala, isiguli sidluliselwa ekwamukeleni kwama-antibiotics kwifomu lethebhulethi. Ubude besigaba ngasinye sokwelashwa luyizinsuku ezingu-7. Uma kuthiwa une-salmonella kubantu abadala, ama-antibiotic alandelayo anqunywe:

• Ceftriaxone;
• I-Norfloxacin;
• Levofloxacin;
• I-Ciprofloxacin.

I-Serum ngokumelene ne-salmonellosis

Ekulweni nalesi sifo, imithi ene-antitoxic isetshenziswa. Lezi zilungiselelo zenziwe ngamaqhezu wezilwane ezigonywe. Egazini banokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-antibodies. I-serum esiphelile iyalondolozwa, okuvumela ukugcina umsebenzi wayo kanye nezakhiwo zokuqala. Uma i-Salmonella itholakale, ukwelashwa nabantu abadala kuleli qembu kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqapha. Benziwa kancane kancane ngaphakathi.

Imiphumela ye-salmonellosis

Ukuhlukunyezwa okuvame kakhulu kule sifo kungukuphela kwamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kube khona ukukhubazeka kokuzivikela kanye nokuphulwa kwe-microflora. I-Salmonellosis kubantu abadala ngokuvamile ivusa imiphumela embi kakhulu. Okuyingozi kunazo zonke izinkinga ezinjalo:

• i-edema ye-cerebral;
• i-pneumonia;
• ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo;
• i-pancreatitis;
• i-arthritis esebenzayo;
• ukuphazamiseka okwesabekayo;
• i-peritonitis;
• ukutheleleka kwama-ovari;
• umphumela obulalayo.

I-prophylaxis ye-salmonellosis

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela zivikela ukuvikela ukulwa nokutheleleka. Ukuvimbela kuhloswe ekucubunguleni kokushisa kokudla nokuhambisana nemithetho eyisisekelo yokuhlanzeka.

Ukuvimbela i-salmonellosis yesifo kuzosiza izenzo ezinjalo:

1. Awukwazi ukuthenga ukudla okuphelelwe yisikhathi.
2. Inyama kufanele iphekwe kahle noma ifakwe.
3. Phuza ubisi obilisiwe kangcono.
4. Ukusebenza ngenyama nenhlanzi, imimese ehlukene kanye namabhodi okusika kufanele asetshenziswe. Uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, ukuphakama kanye namathuluzi kumele kuhlanjululwe kahle futhi kufezwe ngamanzi abilayo.
5. Kubalulekile ukushiya iGogol-Mogul.
6. Ukudla okulungiselelwe kufanele kugcinwe kuphela esiqandisini.
7. Kunconywa ukuthi wenqabe ukudla okudliwayo ezindaweni zokudlela zomphakathi. Inhlekelele enjalo ingozi kakhulu ehlobo.
8. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, imifino nezithelo ezintsha kufanele zihlanjululwe ngokuphelele.
9. Qinisekisa ukuthi ugeza izandla ngaphambi kokudla, emva kokuya endlini yangasese nokuhamba ngaphandle.