I-sternary puncture ingenye yezindlela zokutadisha umongo wethambo, owenziwa ngokugubha udonga lwangaphakathi lwesondo. Umnkantsha we-bone iyisitho esiyinhloko se-hematopoiesis, okuyi-soft mass okugcwalisa emathanjeni zonke izikhala ezingasetshenziswanga ngamathambo.
Izinkomba zokukhishwa kwangaphandle
I-sternary puncture iyenziwa ekuxilongweni kwezifo zesistimu yokujikeleza futhi inikeza ulwazi olubalulekile ngokuchazwa kwesifo. Le nqubo ingase ifakwe uma usola:
- i-leukemia;
- i-anemia ;
- izidakamizwa ze-myelodysplastic;
- Isifo se-Gaucher;
- Isifo sikaKristuen-Schuller;
- i-leishmaniasis ye-visceral;
- ukuguqulwa kwamathumba emsakeni wethambo, njll.
Ivumela ukuhlola isimo sokusebenza somnyofu wethambo, ukubona izinguquko ezincane kakhulu ohlelweni lwe-hematopoiesis.
Ukulungiselela isiguli ngokuphambana okuphakade
Ngosuku lokutadisha, amanzi nesidlo somuguli akufanele ashintshwe. Inqubo yenziwa okungaphansi kwamahora amabili emva kokudla ngesinye isisu nesisu singenalutho.
Ngaphambi kokwenza i-puncture, kufanele uyeke ukuthatha yonke imithi, ngaphandle kwemithi ebalulekile. Futhi ngalolu suku, noma yiziphi ezinye izinyathelo zokwelashwa nokuxilonga zikhanseliwe.
Isiguli kumele sichaze isimo nesenzo senqubo, inikeza ulwazi ngezinkinga ezingenzeka. Emva kwalokhu, imvume yesiguli inikezwa ukukhishwa.
Inqubo yokuphumula yangaphandle
Ukunqunywa kwamathambo kungenziwa ngezilungiselelo zokuphulukisa iziguli:- Ukuxhaphazwa kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo endaweni yesiguli esilele ngemuva kwakhe. Ukuze kusetshenziswe inqubo yangaphandle yangaphandle inaliti ekhethekile - inaliti yeKassirsky. Kuyinto inaliti encane ebulalayo enomuthi wokunciphisa ukujula kokujula (ukugwema ukulimala okungozini emzimbeni wesiguli), umgodi (induku ukuvala isibani senaliti), kanye nesibambiso esithintekayo esenza kube lula ukugubha.
- Isayithi lokuqothulwa libhekwa ngesisombululo se-alcohol kanye ne-iodine.
- I-anesthesia eqhubekayo yenziwa - njengomthetho, isixazululo se-2% se-novocaine sisetshenziswa. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokupakisha, kungase kube nokuzwa okuncane kokubuhlungu lapho kubhoboza nokudweba umnyoba emgqeni, kufana nomjovo ojwayelekile.
- I-puncture yenziwa ngokunyakaza okusheshayo kokujikeleza kwesaliti sase Kassirsky (ene-mandrel efakwe) eceleni komugqa ophakathi nendawo ye-second-third intercostal space. Lapho inaliti idlula ngendwangu yesakhi se-cortical futhi ingena esikhaleni se-medullar, inzwa ehlukile yokuhluleka ivela. Uma kukhona ukungabaza ngokuthi ngabe inaliti ingene emnothweni wethambo, isheke esinomnqumo senziwa.
- I-syringe inamathele enaliti ngemuva kokususwa kwe-mandrene futhi cishe u-0.2 kuya ku-0.3 ml we-bone lomnyoba ususelwe. Ngemuva kwalokho, inaliti isusiwe kusukela ku-sternum, futhi ibhande elibolile lisetshenziselwa indawo yokuqothula futhi ligcinwe ngokunamathela kwe-plaster.
- Isampula sokumiswa komnkantshi esitholakalayo kufakwe esitsheni sePetri, ama-swabs alungiswa ku-slide, kamuva kamuva
zihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Ukuhlolwa kwe-morphology nokubala kwamathambo omnyo kwenziwa.
Izinkinga ze-puncture yangaphandle
Imiphumela emibi ye-puncture yangaphandle ingaba nge-sternum puncture kanye nokuphuma kwamanzi kusukela kusayithi lokuvala. Ngokufaka umcibisholo kungenzeka kakhulu enkambisweni yengane ngenxa yokweqa okukhulu kwe-sternum nokunyakaza okungenakuzikhethela kwengane. Ukuqapha kufanele kusetshenziswe lapho kwenziwa ukuphathwa kabi kweziguli ezithatha i-corticosteroids yesikhathi eside (ngoba zikwazi ukuphethwe yi- osteoporosis ).