Ukutshala imbewu yamathambo emhlabathini ovulekile waphumelela futhi ingadi yakho ekupheleni kwenkathi yayigcwele izithelo ezinkulu ze-orange, udinga ukwazi izimiso eziyisisekelo zokunakekela lesi siko se-melon. Lesi sitshalo esithandwayo nesivamile asikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi singenasisekelo, kodwa amaphutha ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela angathinta kakhulu isivuno saso.
Indlela yokutshala imbewu yamathanga emhlabathini ovulekile?
Isibungu sabonakala eNkundleni Yezwe ngenxa yabathandekayo nabasolwandle abaphupha ngokukhula engadini yasekhaya izithelo ezinhle zezitshalo ezingavamile abazithandayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isiko esidumile se-herbaceous sihluke emahlathini aseYurophu akhula ezindaweni ezifudumele, intukuthelo engaphezulu ye-thermophilic. Ukuze uthole ukuvunwa okuhle, imithetho yokutshala amathanga ngambewu akhiwa, okuvumela ukugwema amaphutha ahlobene nokuqothula kwezitshalo, ukufa kwezinhlumela ezivela ezinambuzane, isomiso nezifo.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ze ithanga eziye zabonwa - muscat, ezinkulu-fruited kanye nobuso obunzima. Muscat ezihlukahlukene ine ukunambitheka omuhle kakhulu, lisetshenziselwa ukupheka izitsha culinary. Uyakuthanda kakhulu ukufudumala nasezindaweni ezibandayo kutshalwa ikakhulukazi ngendlela yokutshala. Ukuhlukahluka okukhululekile emhlabathini ovulekile kunamathela kakhulu, odumile ngamanoni ayo enothile we-sunflower, izithelo zawo zigcinwa isikhathi eside emva kokuvuna. Amathanga aphethwe kanzima anenhloso yetafula, ayaziswa ngokuvuthwa okusheshayo kanye nosawoti omnandi.
Ukuvuna iMascat Ihlanzi Izinhlobonhlobo:
- Iphara legolide;
- I-Arabatskaya;
- Okusha;
- I-Vitamin;
- I-Pearl;
- Gilea;
- I-Butternat.
Izinhlobo ezibonakalayo zengxube eqinile:
- I-Gymnose;
- IsiBulgaria;
- Isihlahla saseGribov;
- I-Spaghetti;
- I-almond;
- Danka Polka;
- Izwe.
Ithanga elikhulu elivuthiweyo elivulekile:
- I-Titanium;
- Owesifazane waseRussia;
- I-pounds eyikhulu;
- IMarble;
- Smile;
- I-Centner;
- Omncane;
- I-Atlant.
Ama-precursor yamapumpu emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukutshala okuhleliwe kwembewu ematheni emhlabathini ovulekile ngeke kube nomphumela omuhle, uma imibhede nalesi siko itholakala ezindaweni lapho esikhathini esidlule sakhulile ukhukhamba noma i-courgettes ngo-sikwashi. Isizathu sisezifo ezivamile nezinambuzane ezithinta umhlaba ngisho nangemva kokumba ngokubaluleka akubhubha ebusika. Ngaphandle kokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo ezinhle, bona, lapho kufika ukushisa, bahlaselwa ngokuhaha ngamatshe izitshalo zezithelo, ngokunciphisa kakhulu isivuno.
Izandulela phambili zethanga endle:
- amasiko amaningi;
- iklabishi;
- izimpande zezitshalo;
- amazambane;
- ukolweni webusika;
- ummbila we-silage;
- ama-leguminous herbs.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala ithanga emhlabathini ovulekile entwasahlobo?
Uma ungahambisani nesikhathi sokutshala imbewu yamathambo endaweni evulekile, khona-ke esimweni sethu sezulu, amahlumela abuthakathaka angase ahlupheke kalula ngisho nasebusweni obuthakathaka beqhwa. Kufanele kubalwe ngokunembile lapho usongo lweqhwa elidlulile linyamalalala esifundeni salo. Ukusebenza emibhedeni kuqala ngokufika kokushisa okuzinzile, ngokuya esifundeni, ukutshala kwezitshalo zamashubhu kuqhutshwa ngoMeyi kuya phakathi noJuni. Isivuno sesitshalo sakhula kahle ngo-25 ° C, lapho izinga lokushisa liyehla ku-14 ° C nangaphansi, ukuthuthukiswa kobumnyama obuhlaza emanzini.
Ungakhetha kanjani imbewu yamathambo yokutshala?
Imbewu etholakalayo ayitholi njalo ukuhluma okutholayo. Ngokuvamile, abathengisi abangathembeki bayathengisa ekupaketheni ngempahla emihle yokudlula isithombe engavumelani nezici ze-varietal ezifunwa. Indlela engcono kakhulu ukutshala ithanga ngembewu yakho emhlabathini ovulekile, okukuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze imali eningi engadini enkulu. Kubalulekile ukwazi imithetho yeqoqo labo nezindlela zokugcina, ukuze umsebenzi wasentwasahlobo usebenze embhedeni uphumelele futhi wanikeza umphumela owamukelekayo.
Ukuthengwa kwembewu yembewu:
- Ngenhloso yethu, kufanele sikhethe okukhulu kakhulu, okuvuthiwe ngokuphelele, ekubukeni okubonakalayo okuhambelana nezinhlobonhlobo zamathambo.
- Kuyinto efiselekayo ukutshala imbewu yepump ngokwehlukana kulo lonke ubukhulu, ukuze kungabikho ukuhlunga phakathi nokuvota.
- Akuyona into engathandeki ngaphansi kwezihlahla, ohlela ukuyisebenzisa ukuze uzalise, ukwenza ama-fertilizer engeziwe.
- Sika ithanga ngaphambi kokufika kwesithwathwa bese uyibeke kahle ngokugcina.
- Ngemva kwenyanga, ungakhetha imbewu, akufanele igcinwe ngaphakathi, izohluma ngesitoreji eside.
- Sika ithanga kufanele libe ngaphesheya kwendawo, ukuze ungalimazi imbewu.
- Ngemuva kokukhipha, i-inoculum igezwa ngamanzi, ibeke ungqimba owodwa kwendwangu encane futhi yomiswe ngaphansi kwezimo zegumbi. Ukumila ku-ovens kwenzeka ngokushesha, kepha kungathinta kakhulu ukuhluma kwembewu yamathanga.
- Gcina imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala evulekile emaphepheni wephepha noma izikhwama zesikhumba.
- Ukushisa okulondoloziwe okugcina isitoreji cishe ku-14-16 ° C.
Indlela yokuhlwanyela imbewu yempompo yokutshala?
Ukuze kube nezinkinga ezimbalwa emhlabathini ovulekile ngaphansi kwezimo ezingathandeki futhi ukwandise amandla okuhluma, kuphakanyiswa ukukhiqiza amahlumela wezinhlanzi ngaphambi kokutshala. Ngemuva kwalendlela, bahlangana ndawonye, amahlumela aqinile angabhubhi abulale izinambuzane. Inqubo yokuhluma kwenzeka ezinyathelweni eziningana:
- Izimbewu ezingenalutho, ezikhanyayo nezingezansi ziyanqatshwa uma zikhetha.
- Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokusebenza emhlabathini ovulekile, i-inoculum ineminyaka engama-2-3 amahora emanzini atshiswe ku-50 ° C.
- Okulandelayo, faka imbewu endwangu emanzini noma amaphuphu.
- Ukuze imbewu ingawomile, ungawafaka ngesikhwama sepulasitiki, esuswa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuze siphume umoya.
- Ukuhluma okuqhubekayo kwenziwa ekamelweni lokushisa.
- Uma imbewu ihlumela kuze kube ngu-3 mm ubude, siqala ngaphandle kokulibala ukufika endaweni evulekile.
Ukutshala ithanga emhlabathini ovulekile ngembewu entwasahlobo
I-Ogorodniki ngokuvamile isebenzisa indlela yokuhlunga okubanzi. Ukujula kwembewu yenhlanzi evuliwe emhlabathini ovulekile kuncike ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi nomswakama. Emhlabathini ophansi kuya ku-8 cm, emhlabathini okhuni - awukho ngaphezu kuka-5-6 cm. Uhlelo kanye nemithetho yokutshala ithanga kuxhomeke kubukhulu besilinganiso sezinsipho:
- Izinhlobo zezinhlobo - 70x70 cm.
- Ngezinhlobo ezinesilinganiso esivamile semivimbo engu - 140x70 cm noma 140x140 cm.
- Ukutshala kwezinhlobonhlobo ngeziqu ezinde kuqhutshwa ngokwezikimu - 180-210x100-180 cm.
Umanyolo wethanga uma utshala
Ngenxa yobuningi obuphakathi kwehlathi, kunengqondo ukufaka umanyolo ehlathini endaweni evulekile ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye, ngaphandle kokusabalalisa izinto eziwusizo kulo lonke isayithi. Ungasebenzisa iresiphi elandelayo yezimithombo zokugcwalisa:
- Umquba - kuze kufike ku-1 ibhakede.
- Superphosphate - kufika ku-20 g.
- Umanyolo we-potassium - kufika ku-10 g.
- I-Saltpeter - kufika ku-10 g.
- I-ash ash - kuze kufike ku-1 indebe.
Yini ongayifaka eceleni kwelanga?
Ngokujwayelekile emapulazini angasese eduze kwelanga, ummbila ukhula , ngaleyo njongo, izinhlobo ezibekezelayo ezimthunzini ezineziqu ezide zifanele ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle. Makhelwane kahle ngamabhontshisi, ama-peas noma ubhontshisi. Zama ukwehlukanisa imibhede ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhabe. Isibonelo, i-zucchini, noma u-squash ziyakwazi ukuthumba ngamathanga, ukulahlekelwa ukunambitheka.