Utamatisi ezweni lakithi ukhulile cishe wonke umuntu onenani elilodwa elincanyana kunazo zonke. Phela, ngubani ongathandi ukudla ehlobo imifino enomsoco omusha, futhi ebusika - utamatisi onokolweni . Kodwa-ke, abalimi abaningi beloli ekutshalweni utamatisi bavame ukubhekana neqiniso lokuthi imifino ihlaselwa yizifo ezihlukahlukene nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Esinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu zika utamatisi yi-phytophthora - isifo sefungal of izitshalo, esibangelwa i-pathogenic ukhunta Phytophthora infestans.
Okokuqala, ukulimala okulethwa yisikhathi kubonakala ngamachashaza emanzini amaqabunga, okomile futhi athathe umbala obomvu. Isigqoko esimhlophe sivela ngemuva kwamaqabunga, okuyi-spore ye-fungus. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo se-utamatisi kwenzeka ngokushesha futhi amabala avela emaqabeni asakazeka ngokushesha kulo lonke isitshalo. Izimo ezithandekayo zokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo sotamatisi kubhekwa njengomswakama ophezulu ekushiseni okuphansi kakhulu emoyeni. Futhi ukunqoba ukulimala kwekwephuzile kungaba kokubili izithombo zika utamatisi, nezitshalo ezindala.
Indlela yokuvikela utamatisi kusuka ekukhanyeni kwelanga?
Ukuze utamatisi ukulwa nalesi sifo esiyingozi, umgadi wensimu kudingeka ukuba akwazi ukuvimbela ukuvinjelwa okuphuthumayo kuzo zonke izigaba zezamatamatisi ezikhulayo.
Okokuqala, ungakhohlwa ukuthi lesi sitshalo sihlala samatamatisi esele ngemuva kokuvuna, singagcina ukungqubuzana kwalesi sikhunta. Ngakho-ke, zonke iziqongo kufanele ziqoqwe futhi zishiswe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-fungus ihlala emhlabathini futhi ingaphila khona amakhulu eminyaka, ngakho ukuqeda ukulimala kwekwephuzile kungasiza kuphela ukucubungula okugcwele komhlaba ngaphambi kokutshala.
Kumele futhi uqiniseke ukuthi utamatisi uthole imibhede ekhanyisiwe kakhulu. Uma imisebe yelanga ilinani elanele ukufika esitshalweni, khona-ke ubuso bezithelo namaqabunga azosheshe afudumele futhi asomile, kuvimbele ukuhluma kwezinhlamvu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, omakhelwane babo emibhedeni bangaba anyanisi, i-garlic, iklabishi, ubhontshisi, i-ulethisi, isithombo, kodwa akusikho i-peas case, i-dill, ukhukhamba noma amazambane.
Enye indlela yokuvikela ehlose kithi ukukhulisa umkhuhlane wezitshalo nokwandisa ukumelana ne-phytophthora, kubhekwa ukugqoka okuphezulu kwetamatisi ngenkathi kuvuthwa kwezithelo ngamanyolo we-potassium ne-phosphorus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi bancoma ukwenza isiprotheni sokuvimbela ukuvimbela izidakamizwa ngezidakamizwa, okuphakathi kwamaphi ama-fungicides okuhlangene nawo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi abalimi abaningi abanolwazi abanolwazi bakhetha ukukhetha imbewu yamatamatisi ngezinhlobo ze-hybride ezibhekwa njengento enamandla kunazo zonke ekupheleni kokulimaza, noma izinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala ezivuthiwe ngaphambi kokuba lesi sifo sifike.
Indlela yokubhekana nokulimala kokugcina kwezitamatisi?
Esigabeni sokuqala sokulwa nokulimala kokuphuza komatamatisi, kubalulekile ukuphuthuma ukuthuthukiswa kokutheleleka. Lokhu kungenzeka uma kususwa ngesikhathi esifanele amaqabunga nezithelo, ukuhlola isitshalo ekuseni nakusihlwa. Noma kunjalo, lapho ususa amaqabunga ogulayo, kukhona
Ngokuqondene nokwelashwa kwe-tomato ekupheleni kokulimaza, kwenziwa ngokusitshalaliswa kwezitshalo ngama-fungicide. Izixazululo ze-bluetooth zisiza izindlela eziqukethe ithusi: Bordeaux liquid, cuproxate, oxychloride yethusi, njll. Ukuze kunciphise inani lemithi yamakhemikhali eliyingozi kubantu, akufanele ukukhohlwa ngezindlela eziphilayo zokuvikela. Lezi zihlanganisa: i-trichodermine, i-phytosporin namanye amalungiselelo aqukethe amabhaktheriya aphilayo nezifungumane ezikwazi ukubhubhisa nokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwefungi le-pathogenic.