Iyini iqembu legazi futhi linqunywa kanjani?
Iqembu legazi lomuntu linqunywa ukutholakala noma ukungabikho kwamakhemikhali akhethekile - ama-antigen. Ngokuvamile zikhonjiswe izinhlamvu ze-alfabhethi yesiLatini (A no-B). Kuncike ekungabikho noma ukuba khona kwabo, amaqembu egazi angu-4 ayedwa. Empeleni, kungekudala kakhulu, ososayensi baye basungula ukuthi kunezinye eziningi. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje, uhlelo okuthiwa yi-AB0, lisetshenziselwa ukumpontshelwa igazi. Ngokusho kwakhe, amaqembu egazi achazwa kanje:
- I (0) - ebonakala ngokungabi khona kwama-antigens A no-B;
- II (A) - ebonakala ngokuba khona kwe-antigen A;
- III (A) - isungulwe phambi kwama-antigens B;
- I-IV (AB) - isungulwa phambi kwama-antigens A no-B.
Ukuzalwa kwesigungu segazi kusungulwe kanjani?
Ukuze unqume uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana, izindlela zezakhi zofuzo zisetshenziselwa ngokweqembu legazi labazali, ngakho-ke akunzima ukulifunda. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwanele ukusebenzisa imithetho kaMendel, edluliselwa esikoleni kwizifundo ze-biology, ngokusebenza. Ngokusho kwabo ifa lamaqembu egazi lenziwa kanje.
Ngakho uma abazali baneqembu elilodwa, khona-ke kuzoba okufanayo kokubili izingane nezingane. akekho umzali ongenayo ama-antigens egazini - I (0).
Uma omunye oshade naye engu-1, omunye enesibili, khona-ke izingane zingathola ifa lesibili, futhi. omunye wabazali egazini akanayo ama-antigens, futhi kusukela okwesibili uzothola i-antigen A, ephethe i-2 iqembu legazi.
Isimo esifanayo senzeke uma omunye umzali ene-1 kanti enye inamaqembu amathathu. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, ingane ingazalwa neqembu lokuqala neyesithathu.
Kulezo zimo lapho umzali oyedwa enama-3, kanti owesibili unamaqembu amabili egazi, ingane enamathuba alinganayo (25%) ingaba neqembu.
4, iqembu legazi alivamile. ukuze umntwana abe negazi elinjalo, kubalulekile ukuba kanyekanye 2 antigens.
I-Rh factor izuze kanjani ifa?
Igama elithi "rhesus factor" lisho iphrotheni ekhona egazini lika-85% labo bonke abantu. Labo bantu abagazini labo abakhona kuwo bangama-Rh. Esimweni esiphikisanayo, bakhuluma ngegazi lika-Rh.
Ukuze unqume ukuthi i-parameter enjengoba i-Rh factor yengane eqenjini labazali labazali, ibuye isebenze emithethweni yezofuzo. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-pair of gene, okuvame ukuchazwa yi-DD, Dd, dd, yanele ukucwaninga. Izinhlamvu ezinkulu zisho ukuthi isisindo siyinhloko, isb. ngakho khetha labo bantu abaneprotheni ye-Rh egazini labo.
Ngakho-ke, uma abazali baneResus (Dd) ye-heterozygous, bese kuba ngamaphesenti angama-75% amantombazane azophinde abe ne-Rh enhle, futhi kuphela ama-25% - awanamaphutha.
I-Heterozygosity ivela emntwini ngenxa yalokho, okushoyo, yenkinga ye-Rh engalungile yomama, futhi ingadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni eziningi. Noma kunjalo, ezimweni eziningi, lokhu akukwenzeka, ngoba Kulesi simo, amathuba okukhulelwa amancane kakhulu, futhi uma enza, iphela ngokukhipha isisu kuqala.
Ngakho-ke, njengoba kubonakala kulesi sihloko, akunzima ukunquma uhlobo lwegazi lwabazali, ikakhulukazi njengoba kukhona itafula lapho kubonakala khona ukuthunyelwa kweqembu elithile, kuye ngegazi labazali. Uma ubheka kuwo, umama olindelekile uzokwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimela ukuthi yiluhlobo luni lwegazi oluzoba ngumntanakhe. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwanele ukwazi kuphela iqembu lakho legazi nobaba wengane.