I-Legionellosis (Isifo samaLegionna ', i-Pittsburgh pneumonia, i-Pontiac fever) yisifo esiphezulu sokuphefumula okubangelwa amagciwane eLegionella. Lesi sifo kuvame ukuhambisana nomkhuhlane, ukudakwa okuvamile komzimba, ukulimala kwesimiso sezinzwa, amaphaphu, umgogodla wokugaya. I-Legionella ingabangela futhi izilonda ezihlukahlukene zesimiso sokuphefumula - kusukela ekukhwehleleni komzimba kuya ekuphefumuleni okukhulu.
Imithombo yesifo
I-Legionella iyinhlangano encane eyasakazwa kabanzi emvelweni. Ngokuvamile i-legionella itholakala emzimbeni wamanzi ahlanzekile futhi iphindaphindaphinda ngokushisa kwama-20 kuya ku-45 degrees. Ukwelashwa komuntu kubangelwa i-aerosol, ngokubutheka kwamaconsi amancane amanzi aphethe i-legionella bacteria, kodwa ngokuqondile kusuka komuntu oyedwa kuya komunye, ukutheleleka akudluliswanga.
Ngaphandle komthombo wemvelo wamanzi (amachibi), ezweni lanamuhla kukhona i-niche ekhishwe ngokuhlakanipha, enezimo ezijabulisayo zalesi microorganism. Lolu uhlelo lwamanzi olunezinga lokushisa elifanelekayo lokuzalisa amabhaktheriya, izinhlelo ze-air conditioning kanye ne-humidification, ivaliwe emjikelezweni owodwa, amachibi okubhukuda, ama-whirlpools, njll.
Eqinisweni, igama lesi sifo - i-legionellosis noma "izifo zeLegionnaires" - livela kokuqala kokuqwashisa kwabantu, okwenzeka ngo-1976 enhlanganweni ye "American Legion." Umthombo wokutheleleka wawuyisistimu yokubeka umoya emoyeni, lapho inhlangano yayibanjwe khona.
Ezimweni zomoya zasemoyeni, umswakama awunayo isikhathi esanele sokubuthelela ukuze ube umthombo wokungcola, ngakho-ke usongo luyinto encane ngalolu cala. Izingozi zingahle zimelelwe yizinhlanzi zomoya, uma zingashintshi njalo amanzi.
Legionella - izimpawu
Isikhathi sokufakelwa kwesifo, kuye ngokuthi ifomu, sivela emahoreni amaningana kuya kwezinsuku ezingu-10, ngokwesilinganiso kwezinsuku ezingu-2-4. I-symptomatology yesifo ne-Legionella ukutheleleka akufani neze nezimpawu ze-pneumonia ezinamandla ezibangelwa ezinye izici. Ezimweni ezijwayelekile zesifo ekuqaleni waqaphela:
- ubuthakathaka jikelele;
- imisipha ebuhlungu;
- isimo sombuso.
Khona-ke ukukhuphuka okusheshayo kokushisa kuqala, kuya kuma-degrees angu-40, okuyinto ebuthakathaka noma cha nhlobo emelene nama-antipyretics, ama-chills, ikhanda elinokwenzeka. Okokuqala kukhona ukukhwehlela okomile okomile , okusheshayo kukhula, ekugcineni kube manzi, mhlawumbe ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hemoptysis. Izimpawu ezingeziwe ezingezansi zikhona, njenge:
- ubuhlungu obukhulu nobuhlungu;
- isicasuli;
- isifo sohudo;
- ubuhlungu esiswini.
Izinkinga eziyinhloko zalesi sifo zihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kokuhluleka ukuphefumula, okwenzeka kuma-25% weziguli ezidinga ukunakekelwa esibhedlela.
Legionella - ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa
Ukubona i-legionellosis, njenganoma imuphi omunye umphefumulo we-pneumonia, akulula. Ukuhlaziywa okuhloswe ngokuqondile ekuboneni i-legionella bacterium inzima kakhulu, ide futhi iqhutshwa kuphela kuma laboratories akhethekile. Izifo zivame ukusebenzisa izindlela zesayensi
Naphezu kobunzima ekutholeni, lesi sifo singelashwa ngama- antibiotics . I-Legionella ibucayi ku-erythromycin, i-levomycetin, i-ampicillin, ayinandaba ne-tetracycline futhi ayinandaba neze ne-penicillin. Ukwandisa umphumela we-antibiotic enkulu ngokuvamile kuvumelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-rifampicin.
Ukwelashwa kwe-legionellosis kwenziwa kuphela ezimweni ezimileyo, kucabangela ubukhulu besigaba sesifo kanye nezinkinga ezingenzeka. Ukwelashwa okungakapheli kwesiguli kungabangela umphumela obulalayo.