Ukugula kwe-serum yisimo somzimba, okuyisinye sezinhlobo zokuphendula okweqile. Kuvela kwabanye abantu emva kokungena emzimbeni ngesifo somzimba (ngokuhlulekayo) uhlobo oluthile lwezidakamizwa - izivikeli zomzimba zomzimba ezisuka emfuyweni - ngenhloso yokwelashwa noma ye-prophylactic.
Izimbangela zesifo se-serum
Ngokuvamile isifo se-serum siqala uma kungeniswa i-heterologous sera. Lawa amalungiselelo eziphilayo ezitholakala egazini lezilwane ezigonywe ngezinye izinhlobo zama-antigens, futhi aqukethe ama-antibodies ahambisanayo ahambisana nalawa antigens. Izidakamizwa ezifanayo zisetshenziselwa ukulwa nezifo ezithathelwanayo neziyingozi: i-tetanus, i-botulism, i-diphtheria, i-gas gangrene, i-encephalitis, i-leptospirosis, i-anthrax, njll. Futhi isetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwezinyoka ezinobuthi.
Okungavamile kakhulu, ukusabela kuyashukunyiswa igazi noma i-plasma transfusion, i-insulin kanye ne-extracts yesibindi, ama-antibiotics (i-penicillin, i-streptomycin, i-sulfanilamides, i-cephalosporins, njll) ngisho nokulunywa kwezinambuzane (ikakhulukazi i-Hymenoptera). Ingozi yokuthuthukisa ukukhubazeka iyakhula uma kukhona ukusabela kwangaphambili ekusungulweni kwezidakamizwa ze-serum, futhi uma kukhona ukuzwela okwandayo kumaprotheni we-epidermal wezilwane. Ngokuthuthukiswa okunamandla kwesifo se-serum kubonakala kaningi kunokuba kube ne-intramuscular.
Ukugula kwe-Serum kuyindlela yokuthuthukiswa
Njengoba ukugula kwe-serum kuyindlela yokwelapha, amasosha omzimba ahilelekile ekuthuthukisweni kwawo. Uma izidakamizwa ezineprotheyini zangaphandle zitholwa, amasosha omzimba abamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwe-immune complexes akhiqizwa. Ukujikeleza okuqhubekayo emzimbeni, lezi zinkimbinkimbi zifakwa ezindongeni zama-capillaries ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene (izilonda zesikhumba, isikhumba, izinso, inhliziyo, njll.), Okwenza ukukhiqizwa nokuphuma kwezinto ezivikelayo - i-leukocytes, i-histamine, i-serotonin, njll. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuqina kwe-vascular increases, izicubu.
Ukugula kwe-Serum - izimpawu
Ngesikhathi sokugeleza, ukugula okunzima kwe-serum, ukuhlukumezeka nokuhlala isikhathi eside. Uma i-serum isungulwa okokuqala, i-pathology iqala cishe ngosuku lwesikhombisa, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi isikhathi sokukhushulwa sihlala isikhathi eside ezinsukwini ezingu-12-20. Ezimweni lapho ukulungiswa kwamaprotheni kusetshenziswe ngokuphindaphindiwe, isigaba esilandelayo sesifo sincishisiwe sibe yizinsuku ezingu-1-6. Lesi sifo singenziwa ngamafomu amancane, ajwayelekile futhi aqinile.
Ukubonakaliswa kwezimpawu zokukhubazeka yilokhu:
- ubomvu besikhumba;
- ukuqhuma kwesikhumba, okokuqala kuvela endaweni yokujola futhi kusakazeka emzimbeni wonke (okufana nokubukeka ku- urticaria , imfucuza ebomvu kaningi, i-erythematous);
- isikhwama sesikhumba sokuqina okuhlukene, ngokuvamile okuhambisana nobuhlungu besifo;
- umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane;
- ubuthakathaka;
- ikhanda;
- i-lymph nodes ekhulisiwe;
- ubuhlungu besisu;
- ubuhlungu obuphakathi kwamalungu;
- ubuhlungu esiswini kanye nezinso;
- ukugaya ukukhubazeka;
- ukukhukhumeza (ikakhulukazi endaweni yokujova, emahlombe, izindebe, iziphetho);
- izinhliziyo zomzimba;
- ukuphefumula;
- ukwehliswa kwengcindezi yegazi;
- ukuxuba .
Ukugula kwe-Serum - ukuxilongwa
Ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa okunembile "kokugula kwe-serum", ukuxilongwa ngokuhlukana kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqoqa anamnesis (okwakusandulela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology), izifundo zelabhutrikhi kanye nezifundo zakhe ezithembisa imiphumela enokwethenjelwa. Ngokwezibonakaliso, lesi sifo singafana ne-periarteritis nodular, umkhuhlane we-rheumatic acute, isisimungumuso, umkhuhlane omnyama kanye nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo, okuvela kuzo lapho ukugula kwe-serum kufanele kuvezwe khona. Ngezinye izikhathi, kwenziwa i-ultrasound ne-radiology.
Idatha yocwaningo elandelayo exhasa ukuxilongwa iyabhekwa:
- ukwehla noma ukwandisa inani lama-leukocytes;
- i-eosinophilia ;
- ukwanda kwesilinganiso sedimentation se-erythrocyte;
- ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-cryoglobulins egazini;
- ukuba khona kwamaprotheni kanye ne-erythrocytes emcimbini;
- ukutholakala kwamaseli e-plasma e-blood smear;
- ukuvuvukala kwemikhumbi, kubonakala nge-biopsy yesikhumba, njll.
Ukugula kwe-Serum - ukwelashwa
Uma kuqinisekiswa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwesifo se-serum "," izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa akuhlanganiswa ngokungahambisani nalokhu: kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lokubonakaliswa nobukhulu bezinqubo, umgomo wokwelashwa unqunywe. Iziguli ezinezifo ezincane, ngaphandle kokucindezeleka, zingelashwa ngesineke. Ukwakhiwa kwezibhedlela kuyadingeka ezimweni ezimbi, lapho kukhona isifo senhliziyo nesimiso sezinzwa, ukutholakala kwezinkinga ezihamba phambili, ukuxilongwa okungaqondakali, ubuntwana nokuguga.
Ukugula kwe-Serum kuyisimo esiphuthumayo
Uma ukwethuka kwe-anaphylactic kwenzeka, ukugula kwe-serum kuncike ekunakekeleni okuphuthumayo, ngoba usongo ekuphileni. Kulesi simo, isithombe somtholampilo sibonakala inkambo enobudlova, enzima kakhulu: kukhona ubuthakathaka obubukhali, ukuphefumula kanzima, ukwehla okunamandla kwengcindezi yegazi, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi. Kubalulekile ukubiza i-ambulensi noma ukuletha isiguli esikhungweni sezokwelapha esiseduze, lapho ezobekwa khona nge-adrenaline. Ngaphambi kokufika kodokotela, kuyadingeka:
- Beka isiguli endaweni ephepheni, uphakamise imilenze bese ujika ikhanda ngakolunye uhlangothi.
- Nikeza umoya omusha.
- Faka isicelo se-tourniquet ngenhla kwesayithi lomjovo futhi ufake ukushisa kule ndawo.
- Uma kungabikho ukuphefumula kanye ne-pulse, ukuqhuba ukubhuka komzimba okungavamile, ukuphefumulela okufakelwayo.
Isifo seSerum - izincomo zomtholampilo
Ezimweni ezinzima, ukugula kwe-serum kudlula ngokwodwa izinsuku ezimbalwa, ngisho nangaphandle kokwelashwa. Ukuze unciphise isimo nokuphumula okusheshayo, amaqembu alandelayo ezidakamizwa anqunywe:
- izixazululo zasendaweni zasemaphandleni (isib., ngokusekelwe ku-menthol);
- antihistamines (Suprastin, Tavegil, Dimedrol);
- amalungiselelo e-calcium;
- izidakamizwa ukuqinisa izindonga ze-vascular (Ascorutin).
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalezi ezingenhla, izidakamizwa zokugula ze-serum zifaka okulandelayo:
- i-corticosteroids (i-Prednisolone, i- Hydrocortisone
- izidakamizwa ezingekho-steroidal ezilwa nokuvuvukala (Ketoprofen, Ibuprofen, Analgin);
- ama-diuretics (Lasix, Furosemide), njll.
Ukugula kwe-Serum - izinkinga
I-Syndrome ye-serum ukugula, ngaphezu kwe-anaphylaxis, ingaba nzima ezinye izifo ezivame ukutholakala nokungabikho kokwelashwa isikhathi eside. Sibheka izinkinga ezingenzeka:
- i-neuritis;
- i-myocarditis;
- i-synovitis;
- ukubandakanya ukubandakanyeka kwezicubu ezixhumeneyo;
- i-glomerulonephritis;
- i-hepatitis;
- i-necrosis yesikhumba kanye nezicubu ezingaphansi kwendawo yomjovo.
Ukugula kwe-Serum - ukuvimbela
Izinyathelo eziyinhloko ngokuhambisana nokuthi ukuvimbela ukugula kwe-serum kwenziwa:
- ukusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo ngezinga eliphakeme lokuhlanzwa;
- ukwethulwa kwezobuchwepheshe bemfuyo ngokusho kwezinkomba eziqinile, uma kungenzeka ukubeka esikhundleni se-gamma globulin yabantu;
- ukugcinwa ukunakekelwa okhethekile lapho usungula izinsizakalo kubantu abaye babhekana nokuphendula okweqile;
- ukwenza izivivinyo zesikhumba ngaphambi kokujova;
- ukufakwa kwe-diluted i-sera noma ukusebenzisa amacebo athile omjovo.