Ukutshala utamatisi ngumthetho ongenakuphulwa uma ufuna ukuvuna isivuno esihle

Ukutshala izinga lezotamatisi kuyisihluthulelo sokuvuna okuhle. Ukulungiselela lo msebenzi, udinga ukucabangela ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bomsebenzi ensimini kanye ne-greenhouse ahlukile kakhulu. Umlimi wezitshalo ohlakaniphile kumele, ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yasentwasahlobo, ahlele uhlelo lokusebenza, imbewu yokuthenga, umanyolo nemishini.

Ukutshala imbewu yamatamatisi kwizithombo

Uma ufuna ukuthola isivuno esihle sotamatisi, kufanele ulandele ngokuqinile imithetho ejwayelekile evunyelwe ukutshala utamatisi kwizithombo. Le nqubo iqala ngokulungiselela inhlabathi kanye nokuhlunga imbewu. Inhlabathi enhle itholakala ngokuxuba i-peat (izingxenye ezimbili), umhlaba ovela ensimini (ingxenye 1), peregrivshego humus (ingxenye eyodwa) nesihlabathi (0.5 ingxenye). Kuyinto efiselekayo ukunciphisa imbewu ku-1% isisombululo se-potassium permanganate imizuzu engu-15 noma isisombululo se-Fitosporin.

Izimo eziyisisekelo zokuthola izithombo ezinhle zika utamatisi:

1. Ukufaka amabhokisi kumafasitela aseningizimu.
2. Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, ukukhanyisa okuyimpoqo kwezithombo.
3. Ukushisa kwansuku zonke kusuka ku-18 ° C ukuya ku-25 ° C.
4. Ukushisa ebusuku kuvela ku-12 ° C kuya ku-18 ° C.
5. Ukunisela ngamanzi afudumele noma amanzi athuntshiwe.
6. Kuze kuvele amahlumela, amabhokisi ahlanganiswe ne-polyethylene bese ahlanza inhlabathi esitokisini.
7. Susa indawo yokukhosela emva kokufaka izithombo zokuqala.
8. Ukuphuza kokuqala kwenziwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kokushukela okukhulu, ukuchelela okujwayelekile kwezimboni kwenziwa njengoba izwe limile.

Isikhathi sokutshala utamatisi ngezihlumela

Emaphaketheni yezinhlamvu kubonisa izinsuku ezincane zokuhlwanyela, kodwa empeleni udinga ukuqondisa ngokusekelwe ezimweni esifundeni sakho. Siyakhumbula ukuthi iminyaka enhle kakhulu yezitshalo ezitshalwe yizinsuku ezingu-60. Isikhathi sokutshala utamatisi kwizithombo sincike ezimeni ezihlukahlukene zezitamatisi ezithile. Ungakwazi ukulandela izinsuku ezilandelayo ezilandelayo ze-Ukraine ne-Middle Russia:

1. Ukuze utamatisi omude nokuphuza - kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi kaFebruwari kuya ku-Mashi 10.
2. Izinsuku zokutshala ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zotamatisi zivela ngo-10 kuya ku-20 Mashi.
3. Ukutholakala kwamatamatisi asekuqaleni kwehlobo - lezi zinhlobo zinezikhathi zokuvuthwa kahle ngisho nangesikhathi sokuhlwanyela ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Ephreli, ezivumela izithombo ezikhulayo kwifasitela eliseningizimu ngaphandle kokukhanyisa.

Ukutshala utamatisi ensikeni ku-cochlea

Emapulazini amaloli amateur, ungacabanga ngezindlela ezingavamile kakhulu zokutshala imbewu yamatamatisi ezitsheni, okungenza kube lula ukuthola izitshalo ezinamandla zesiko lakho ozithandayo. Inkinobho iyisetshenziswa esenziwe nge-compact eyenziwe. Ingafaka ngokugcwele indawo ebhokisini eliphelele, futhi iyasiza kakhulu uma uhlwanyela inombolo encane yembewu. Yenze ngendlela yombhalo wesigcawu esincane sombhede ngaphansi kwe-laminate ne-substrate yezakhi. Sifaka isikhunta esihlahleni, sihlwanyela utamatisi bese sifafaza imbewu ngenhlabathi bese sibeka isitsha sethu endaweni efudumele.

Ukutshala utamatisi kwizithombo kumaphilisi e-peat

Uma unenani elincane lembewu futhi kukhona nesifiso sokukhula izithombo ngaphandle kokukhipha okulandelayo, kungcono kakhulu ukuba utshale imbewu ka-tomato kumaphilisi e- peat . Utamatisi esiteji esilandelayo kungadluliselwa kalula ku-container kufika ku-0.5 amalitha kanye ne-substrate yezakhi, ngaphandle kokulimaza izimpande zethenda. Kunconywa ukuthenga amathebulethi kusuka ku-33 mm kuya ku-36 mm ububanzi, ukutshala imbewu emibili emgodleni ngamunye. Esikhathini esizayo, iphiniki elincane kakhulu lehlumela. Ukushisa nokukhanyisa kugcinwa ngalokhu kukhula kwimodi evamile.

Ukutshala utamatisi endaweni yokushisa

Abaqashi bokuqala kufanele bagcine ngokucophelela imithetho yokutshala utamatisi ku-greenhouse, amaphutha ayenziwe angabangela ukulahlekelwa kwezitshalo noma ngisho nokulahlekelwa okuphelele noma okuncane kwezithombo. Egumbini elivaliwe, kufanele unakekele umoya wokuphuza umoya, wenze amafasitela ngaphansi kwephayili futhi kusukela ekupheleni kwesakhiwo. Kubalulekile ukuzama ukukhanyisa ngangokunokwenzeka ukutshala ngemisebe yelanga kanye nezibani, ukuze izitshalo zithole isilinganiso esivamile sokukhanya futhi ungafihli.

Izigaba eziyinhloko zokutshala utamatisi ku-abamba ukushisa:

1. Ukuhlelwa kwenhlabathi - sihlukanisa imibhede, sicabangela ubukhulu bendawo. Ukuphakama okulinganiselwe kwe-ridge ngu-40 cm, ububanzi buka-60-90 cm. Ububanzi obukhulu bendima bufinyelela ku-60 cm.
2. Ukulungiswa komhlaba - uma unomhlabathi wobumba, kuyadingeka ukuwuhlanza nge-peat, humus kanye ne-wood sawdust (10 l / m ² ).
3. Umanyolo - ungafafaza ngokulinganayo ngaphezu kwe-1 m ² emhlabathini 2 izinkezo ze-superphosphate kanye ne-spoonful of nosawoti we-potassium, khona-ke inhlabathi kufanele ifakwe kahle.
4. Ukunqunywa kwenhlabathi - isisombululo esishisayo se-potassium permanganate ekuhlungeni kwe-1 g / 10 l, okumele ichithelwe ku-1 litre ngalunye kahle.
5. Ukutshala utamatisi - isithombo esivamile sitshalwe ngokujula ekujuleni kwenhlabathi egcwele izimpande, futhi izithombo ezigciniwe - ekujuleni kwezingodo ezijwayelekile ezimbili. Okokuqala, faka umhlabathi ngesigqila sezimpande, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10-12 - uthele ngokuphelele imbewu enhlabathini.

Isikhathi sokutshala sezithombo zotamatisi ze-greenhouse

Ukutshala utamatisi ku-greenhouse yizinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kuncike kakhulu ngesimo sezulu, ukushisa okufakelwayo kanye nezinto ezivela kuyo uphahla kanye nezindonga zalolu sakhiwo. Isikhathi somsebenzi kufanele sishintshwe kuye ngezimo ezithile zezulu. Isibonelo, e-Middle East, ungagxila ezinsukwini ezilandelayo:

1. Iziteshi zokugcina zokugcina zokugcina izitshalo ezinokushisa okufakelwayo - eyishumi lokugcina ka-Ephreli.
2. Ithole ngaphandle kokushisa ngaphakathi - eyishumi yokuqala kaMeyi.
3. Izithombo zokugcina ezivela efilimu ngaphandle kokungcebeleka okungeziwe - ukuqala kweminyaka eyishumi kaMeyi.

Izindlela zokutshala utamatisi endaweni yokushisa

Ukuthatha ibanga elihle uma utshala utamatisi esitheni sokushisa, akufanele wenze izimbobo ezinzima kakhulu ukuze ulondoloze isikhala. Lo mkhuba ubangelwa ukungabi namandla okukhanya kwelanga ukuze kukhule futhi kwandisa ingozi yokungcola utamatisi okusikhuni ngefungi noma amabhaktheriya. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezikimu zokutshala utamatisi, kodwa ethandwa kakhulu yi-parallel kanye ne chess indlela yokubeka izimbobo, ububanzi bendima ebamba lokushisa kungenani okungama-60 cm.

Ukutshala amaphethini utamatisi kuye ngokuthi ezihlukahlukene:

1. Ukutshala utamatisi wezinhlobo ezincane ezikhulayo - Kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe emigqeni emibili, ibanga phakathi kwemigqa - 60 cm, igebe phakathi kweminsalo - 40 cm.
2. Ukuze utamatisi owodwa-stem, izitshalo ezinomsoco zingasetshenziswa, ushiye ibanga phakathi kwemithombo engaba ngu-30 cm nendawo phakathi kwemigqa ye-50 cm.
3. Izitshalo ezide zidinga isikhala esiningi, zishiya ibanga phakathi kwazo kusuka ku-60 cm, naphakathi kwemigqa - kusuka ku-75 cm.

Ukutshala utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile

Abathandi bemifino basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokutshala utamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile, kodwa kunoma yikuphi, kufanele uhambisane nesikhathi esiphezulu futhi usebenzise izithombo eziqinile futhi ezivame ukubunjwa emsebenzini. Izithombo ezinhle ngesikhathi sokuphuma ziba nobude obungama-20 cm futhi zibe namaqabunga ayisikhombisa angu-7-9. Iningi likhetha ukukhetha indawo lapho kuhlelwe khona ukutshala utamatisi. Zama ukungasebenzisi insimu ezindaweni eziphansi, lapho amanzi angaphansi komhlaba eseduze ukugwema ukungcola nge-root root rot. Umhlabathi ofanelekayo ukusabela kuka 6-6.7 pH.

Ukulungiselela inhlabathi yokutshala utamatisi izithombo

Ukubunjwa komhlabathi kusithinta kakhulu ukuvunwa kwalesi sitshalo segadi. Zama ukugwema ukutshala utamatisi emva kwamazambane kanye namanye amasiko ase-nightshade. Kunconywa ukuba usebenzise emibhedeni engu-1m ² kuya ku-10 amalitha ama-humus nama-10 amalitha we-peat. Njengomanyolo, izinkezo ezimbili ze-superphosphate nomhlabathi womuthi wokhuni zengezwa kule ndawo. Embuzweni wokuthi ungaphatha kanjani inhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala utamatisi, isisombululo esishisayo se-potassium permanganate sisetshenziselwa ukuphuza insimu cishe izinsuku ezinhlanu ngaphambi kokuqala kokuhlelwa kokutshala.

Ukutshala utamatisi wezithombo emhlabathini ovulekile

Isikhathi sokutshala izithombo zotamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile ngqo kuxhomeke ezicikweni zezulu ezisesifundeni sakho. Kunconywa ukuthi uqale ukusebenza ezingeni eliphansi lokushisa kwemoya lika-15 ° C, endaweni ebandayo, utamatisi awunamathele kakhulu futhi agula. Kungcono ukutshala utamatisi ngezinsuku ezinamafu namahora okuhlwa.

Imithetho yokutshala utamatisi emhlabathini:

1. Indawo eyondla kakhulu ye-tomato shrub ivela ku-0.3 m ² .
2. Phakathi kwezimbobo ushiya ibanga elingama-40 cm, igebe eliphakathi kwemigqa - isigamu semitha.
3. Ububanzi bombhede ojwayelekile womugqa womabili buyi-1 m.
4. AmaLunks enza ubukhulu obuncane ngaphezu kwebhodlela izithombo. Izithombo - izitshalo ezigcwele kanye nezinhlobo ezide, ezibekwe enhlabathini elele phansi ngaphansi kwe-slope encane, ukufafaza ingxenye ye-trunk nomhlaba.
5. Ekupheleni kokutshala, manzi amanzi ethu, ukuvikelwa emoyeni, njalo usebenzise i-garter emaphethini.

Ukutshala imbewu yamatamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile

Kuzakhamuzi zaseningizimu yezwe kukhona enye indlela yokukhulisa lesi sitshalo - ukutshala utamatisi ngqo emhlabathini ngembewu. Ngale ndlela, umnini wensimu uthola isitshalo ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, kepha uthola izinzuzo ezithile: inkinga ngokukhetha, ukutshala kabusha nokucima isusiwe. Eminyakeni efudumele, izithombo zithatha ukukhula kwezithombo, okuthatha isikhathi ukuzivumelanisa nokunikeza izithelo ezigcwele.

Indlela yokutshala imbewu yamatamatisi enhlabathini:

1. Siphuthumisa inqubo yokuhlwanyela imbewu ngokufaka amahora angu-12 ekukhuliseni ukukhula nokuhluma.
2. Emithonjeni, ehlelwe ngokuvumelana nesimiso esivamile sokuvula umhlaba, izinhlamvu ezingu-3-4 zitshalwe.
3. Ukujula kokuhlwanyela - kufika ku-4 cm.
4. Umhlaba udinga ukucindezelwa kancane ngesandla.
5. Amanzi ngaphambi kokuvela kwamahlumela akudingeki.
6. Esikhathini sesiteji sama-2 amashidi senza ukuncipha, kudingekile ukuba singadonsa ihlumela elithile, kodwa ukulifaka ngomunwe.