Esinye sezigaba eziyinhloko ekuxilongweni kwezifo yisifo segazi segazi, lapho kunezinkomba eziningi ezinqunywe khona, kuhlanganise nesimiso se-bilirubin egazini. Cabanga ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo nokuthi kufanele lube lukhulu kangakanani ekuhlaziyweni komuntu onempilo.
Kuyini i-bilirubin?
I-Bilirubin ingenye ye-enzyme ye-bile, enombala obomvu obomvu. Yakhiwe ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwezingxenye zegazi, ikakhulukazi ku-hemoglobin, ehlanganisa amaseli abomvu afile abesilisa ngesikhathi belimala (ukulimala) noma ukuguga kwemvelo. I-hémoglobin ihlehliselwa ku-heme kanye ne-globin chain, ephendukela kuba amino acid. Futhi i-heme, ehlangene ne-enzyme, iba yi-indirect bilirubin, okujwayelekile ukuthi inqunywe umehluko phakathi kwe-bilirubin esiphelele neqondile.
Ukubizwa ngokungaqondile kungabonakali noma kukhululekile - kuyingozi, njengokungcolisa amafutha, kungena kalula emangqamuzaneni, kuphazamise umsebenzi wabo. Yingakho okuqukethwe kwale ngxenyana ye-bilirubin egazini ngaphezu kwesimiso kuyingozi.
I-enzyme kuleli fomu ibophezela ku-albinini yegazi bese ingena esibindi, lapho ihamba khona "i-neutralization" futhi i-soluble yamanzi. Le ngxenyana ibizwa ngokuthi yi-indirect bilirubin. I-enzyme enjalo idonswa nge-bile, kodwa uma umsebenzi wesibindi uphazamiseka, umzimba uyeka ukubhekana nomsebenzi wokuguqula ngqo i-bilirubin ngokuqondile, futhi okuqukethwe kwawo egazini kuba ngaphezulu kunejwayelekile.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-bilirubin
Inani le-enzyme e-serum yegazi likhonjiswe ekuhlaziyweni kwezinto eziphilayo ngokuhambisana nezinkomba ezifana ne-hemoglobin, haptoglobin, i-cholesterol, urea, i-glucose, i-creatinine, i-triglycerides, nezinye.
Igazi lokucwaninga lithathwe kuphela emthonjeni. Ngemuva kokuhlaziywa awukwazi ukuphuza ama-juice, ubisi, ikhofi, itiye elimnandi kanye no-alcohol. Amahora ayisishiyagalolunye kuya kwangu-12 ngaphambi kokulethwa kwegazi akunakudliwa, futhi i-laboratory kufanele ifike esiswini esingenalutho. Ungaphuza amanzi.
Ingalo engaphezulu kwendwangu igxiliwe ngesikhumba se-tourniquet, isikhumba siphathwa nge-antiseptic futhi inaliti ifakwe emgodleni, lapho igazi lithathwa khona. Njengomthetho, abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi le ndlela ayilusizi kakhulu kunokunikeza igazi emunwe.
Imiphumela yocwaningo
E-laboratory, i-bilirubin iyonke inqunywa ekuhlolweni kwegazi legazi - okujwayelekile kule enzyme ngokuvamile i-8.5 - 20.5 μmol / L, nakuba lezi zibalo zingahluka kancane kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukutadisha. Ngakho-ke, i-laboratory ngayinye inomkhuba, futhi imingcele yayo iboniswe ngempela emiphumeleni yokuhlaziywa.
Ngakho-ke, eminye imithombo yamanani okucaphuna, ngokusho ukuthi umkhuba we-bilirubin ekuhloleni kwegazi ungakanani u-22 μmol / l.
Ingxenyana eqondile ifika ku-5.1 μmol / l, futhi ngokungaqondile-kufika ku-17.1 μmol / l.
Kungani i-bilirubin iphakanyisiwe?
Ngosuku lwesithathu lwesithathu ngemva kokuzalwa komzimba, ukubhujiswa okusebenzayo kwama-erythrocytes kwenzeka, noma kunjalo, uhlelo lwe-bilirubin-conjugating (oluguqula ingxenye encane ye-enzyme emgqeni oqondile) alukwakhiwa ngokugcwele ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, izingane zihlakulela i- jaundice yezinto eziphilayo - idlula amaviki angu-1 ukuya kwangu-3. Kodwa yimuphi umkhuba we-bilirubin egazini lezinsana? Umyalo wokuphakama ophakeme kunabantu abadala: ngosuku lwesithathu - usuku lwesikhombisa ngemva kokuzalwa, i-205 μmol / l ye-enzyme ihlelwe (kubantwana abangaphambi kwesikhathi - 170 μmol / l). Kuya
Kunezizathu eziningana zokwandisa izinga le-enzyme ye-bile ekukhuleni:
- Inani le-erythrocyte elibhubhisayo landa, okuyinto ehambisana ne- anemia ye-hemolytic , isibonelo.
- Isibindi sonakalisiwe futhi asihambisani nomsebenzi wokususa i-bilirubin.
- Ukuphuma kwe-bile kuya emathunjini amancane kuphazamiseka.
- Umsebenzi we-enzyme owenza i-bilirubin ngokuqondile iphazamiseka.
Uma enye yezinkinga ivela, i-jaundice iqala, lapho umbala wezinambuzane ezinamaqabunga, iso nesikhumba sikhuphuka siphenduka.