Uma uhlela ukutshala izitshalo zemifino kusayithi, qaphela ukuthi yiziphi izitshalo ezakhula kule ndawo ngonyaka odlule, ngabe izithelo owakhula zaziphilile. I-akhawunti enjalo izokusiza ukulungisa ukufika: uma ngaphambilini kule ndawo imifino ehlushwa yizilokazane noma izifo, kubalulekile ukuphula imibhede ngalesi sitshalo kwenye ingxenye yesakhiwo segadi.
Izifo zika utamatisi, ukushaya imifino enhle nempilo, ubhubhise ingxenye yesitshalo. Izimpawu zesifo zihlukile, ngakho-ke sizame ukuthola ukuthi iziphi izifo ezithinta ukutshala kaningi, nokuthi ungalwa kanjani nezinambuzane zezamatamatisi.
Septoria of utamatisi
I-septoria yamatamatisi (i-white spotting) - isifo se-fungal ngokuvamile sihlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama owedlulele. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokubonakala kwezindawo ezimnyama, bese ziba mhlophe ngomngcele omnyama. Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala zika utamatisi zithandwa kakhulu. Izibonakaliso ze-septoriosis ngezinye izikhathi zibonakala ezitshalweni ezisanda kubonakala: amaqabunga ngamanye amaqabunga kanye nezihlahla zonke ziphikisa futhi ziyafa.
Ukulimaza okukhatshana kwamatamatisi
Lesi sifo sokulimala sekwephuzile sithinta amaqabunga utamatisi, iziqu kanye nezithelo. Ngezinye izikhathi izithelo ziyancipha futhi zibole. Ukubonakala kwalesi sifo kuthonywa izinguquko ezibukhali zokushisa nokutshala njalo kwemifino.
Umlenze omnyama wamatamatisi
Umlenze omnyama uyisifo se-fungal, izimpawu zazo ezibonakaliswa ekukhanyeni kwengxenye yezimpande zesitshalo futhi zihamba kancane kancane.
Ukwelashwa utamatisi
Zonke izilonda ezishiwo ngenhla zinama-etiology e-fungal, ngakho-ke izindlela zokulwa nazo ziyafana.
- Uma kukhona noma yisiphi isifo sofungayo endaweni engathintekile akukhuthazwa iminyaka emithathu ukutshala lesi siko (kanye namazambane kanye nesitshalo seqanda).
- Ekubeni bachitha ukulima okujulile kwezwe futhi bachithe amahlathi nezimpande.
- Amaviki amabili ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini, izithombo ziphathwa nge-fungicides. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, inhlabathi iphathwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-14.
- Uma isihlahla esithintekayo esisodwa sibonakala, sidonswa futhi sibhujiswe. Uma kwenzeka umonakalo omkhulu, izitshalo ziphathwa nge-fungicides ngokwemiyalo.
Indawo emnyama
Uma izifo zangaphambilini zithinta izitshalo nezitshalo ezivuthayo ezitshalwe endaweni evulekile, indawo enombala ensundu ibhekisela ezinambuzanini zika utamatisi esitheni sokushisa . Ngaphansi kwemaqabunga ezitshalo ezithathelwanayo kubonakala izindawo ezibomvu ngengubo emhlophe. Ngomswakama ophezulu, ekushiseni okuphansi ebusuku futhi ukuchelela ngamanzi abandayo, izinhlamvu zithinta isiko semifino. Ngezibonakaliso zesifo, kubalulekile ukuyeka ukuchelela nokunciphisa umswakama emoyeni, ufafaze utamatisi ngesisombululo sethusi sulfate noma i-colloidal sulfur. Esikhathini sokushisa komhlaba umhlaba emva kokuvuna imifino kunconywa ukuthi uphathwe ngamanzi abilayo noma (uma isakhiwo se-hothouse sincane), bhaka inhlabathi kuhhavini.
I-Nematode utamatisi
Ngokuvamile, ukuhlwanyela kuhlushwa ukuhlasela - ukutheleleka yizibungu ezinamandla. Lezi zinambuzane zezithombo zotamatisi zifakwa ezimpandeni zezitshalo futhi, ngokuphindaphindiwe, zithatha ama-juice okunomsoco esitshalweni segadi. Utamatisi ulele ngemuva kokukhula, amaqabunga abuna futhi aphuzi. Ngokutheleleka okuqinile, izitshalo ziyafa. Ukulwa ne-nematode ekwindla, zonke izimpande namaqabunga ziyadliwa, futhi inhlabathi iphathwa nge-eco-pesticides: ukumnika ama-anyan, ama-garlic noma ama-celandine.
Ukuphahlazeka okukhulu
UDachniki uvame ukukhononda ngokuthi izithelo ezinhle zika utamatisi zivele zivele ziqhekeke, ngenxa yokuthi ukubukeka kwemifino kulahleka kanjani, futhi ukuphila okufinyelelekile kufushane. Kodwa izifo nezinambuzane zezithombo zamatamatisi azihlangene naso! Lesi senzakalo somzimba sihlotshaniswa nokuguqulwa okungazelelwe emhlabathini umswakama: ngesomiso, lesi sitshalo sinisela amanzi amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kungcono ukuphuza ukutshala isiko semifino kancane kancane futhi izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.
Ngokusho kofakazi abalimi abanolwazi, izitshalo-zitshalo-nhlobo zingabhekene nezifo nokulimala kwezinambuzane. Qaphela lesi seluleko lapho ukhetha izinhlobo zezotamatisi!