Noma ubani ofuna ukuqonda lokho okwelashwa yi-pulmonologist, kufanele awazi ukugxila okuyinhloko kwalesi dokotela - isifo somzimba wokuphefumula, ngisho nangokwedlulele - izifo ezisezingeni eliphansi lokuphefumula. Isidingo sokwazisa lolo lwazi oluncane lwavela ngenxa yokusakazeka kwezifo zale phrofayela.
I-pulmonologist - ngubani lo futhi yini ephilisa?
Ukuphefumula kuyindlela ebaluleke kunazo zonke enikeza oksijini emzimbeni. I-stop minithi emithathu yokuphefumula ngenxa ye-spasm, ukuphuza amaphaphu noma ukulimala ngaphandle kosizo oluphuthumayo odokotela elibulalayo. Ngisho nokuncipha komthamo we-oxygen engenayo ngenxa yenqubo yokuvuvukala noma ukutheleleka kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni. Uma kunezinkinga zokuphefumula, umuntu kufanele abonisane ne-pulmonologist.
Impendulo yombuzo mayelana nokuthi uhlobo luni lodokotela oluyi-pulmonologist: lo isazi esincane esazi kahle izinqubo ze-pathological ezenzeka endaweni encane yokuphefumula. Ngesisekelo solwazi lomgomo olutholiwe kanye nemiphumela yocwaningo, udokotela we-pulmonary kufanele anikeze ukwelashwa okucabangela izici zesimo sesiguli kanye nezinto ezenza lesi sifo siphume:
- ukuhlukunyezwa;
- i-pathology yefa;
- ukubhema;
- ibanda;
- ukuhlukunyezwa kwesifuba;
- sebenze ekukhiqizeni okulimazayo;
- ukutheleleka - amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, isikhunta, ama-parasites.
Pulmonologist - ngubani lo?
Amakhono we-pulmonologist afinyelela kwisakhiwo sezitho zokuphefumula, izici zokusebenza kwazo nezimbangela zokuthuthukiswa kwamathambo. I-pulmonologist isazi sezifo:
- i-bronchi;
- ukukhanya;
- isikhala semibala;
- i-trachea;
- i-larynx (uma kwenzeka ukuvuvukala kusongela izingxenye eziphansi zesistimu yokuphefumula).
Yini eyenza i-pulmonologist kadokotela?
I-pulmonology ingenye yezinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu emithi, udokotela we-pulmonologist udokotela kufanele abe khona kuzo zonke izibhedlela, ngenxa yezinto eziphilayo ezimbi, ukukhula kwesibalo semithi, ukuzivikela okuphansi kanye nezinye izinto ezingekho, inani leziguli ezinezifo zokuphefumula liye landa. Kumbuzo umuthi we-pulmonologist ophatha izingane nabantu abadala, izimpendulo zizohluka kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuphakanyiswa ukuba ochwepheshe bakhethe isiguli sokuthi kufanelekile.
Kuziguli zezingane ezineminyaka engu-dokotela udokotela we-pulmonologist, yena kanye nalowo ophetheyo, akavame ukuyaziwa. Ngisho nokushisa okukhulu, odokotela bezingane kanye nama-otolaryngologists baphumelela kakhulu. Usizo lwe-pulmonologist liyadingeka uma ubanda obuvamile busongelwa yizinkinga noma ukuchichima esigabeni esingapheli ngokufaka izifo ezisezingeni eliphansi lokuphefumula. Uma kukhona ochwepheshe esibhedlela esibhedlela, ukubonisana kwakhe kuyadingeka uma kutholakala ingane:
- i-asthma ye-bronchial;
- i-bronchitis - elula noma engapheliyo;
- i-pneumonia ;
- ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo noma okungapheliyo;
- i-histiocidosis X - isifo lapho amangqamuzana eosinophil kanye namasosha omzimba omzimba ekhula ngamandla emaphashini nasemathambo;
- i-cystic fibrosis - isifo esiyinkimbinkimbi yesimo esiyifa, esihambisana nezinqubo eziningi ze-pathogenic, kufaka phakathi emaphashini.
Kubantu abadala, ububanzi bezinkinga ezibhekiswe ku-pulmonologist bukhulu kakhulu. Lokhu kanye nesifo se-bronchial esivele sishiwo kakade, i-pneumonia, i-bronchitis, kanye nezinye izifo, ngokuvamile eziyinkimbinkimbi neziyingozi, ezikhula ngobudala noma ngenxa yokuphila okungalungile, izinto eziyingozi ekukhiqizeni. Lona alulona uhlu oluphelele lwalokho umuthi omdala we-pulmonologist aphatha:
- i-pleurisy - ukuvuvukala kwamashidi amabizo noma ukuqoqwa kwe-exudate emgodini wesikhala;
- embolia (pulmonary) - ukuvinjelwa komthambo we-pulmonary (thrombus, bubble air, amangqamuzana amathumba, izinhlayiya zamafutha, izinto zangaphandle);
- i-tumart ye-benign (i-hamartoma) - ihambelana nezicubu zamaphaphu, kodwa ihluke endaweni yemithambo yegazi nezinye izicubu;
- idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis - ukuthuthwa kwe-haemosiderin pigment emaphashini;
- i-hemothorax - ukuqoqwa kwegazi emgodini wesikhala;
- i-pneumothorax - ukuqoqwa kwegesi emgodini wesikhala;
- ukuphulukiswa kwamaphaphu - kwenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda se-thrombosis noma i-embolism ye-pulmonary;
- i-pulmonary hypertension - yanda ukumelana kwamagciwane emaphashini;
- i-fibrosis ye-pulmonary - ukwandisa kwezicubu ezixhumene emaphashini;
- i-sarcoidosis - ukwakheka kwama-granulomas emaphashini;
- ukuphefumula ukuphefumula ebusuku;
- isifo se-chronic obstructive pulmonary - ukulinganiselwa okuqhubekayo kwe-airway emoyeni;
- umdlavuza wamaphaphu - ukwakheka okubi emaphashini;
- isifo sofuba yisifo esiyingozi kakhulu, lapho i-foci ifomu lokuvuvukala emaphashini.
Ngifanele nini ukuya ku-pulmonologist?
Ubukhulu bezifo ezihambisana nesistimu yokuphefumula, kwenza wonke umuntu azi ukuthi kufanele ahambe kuphi ku-pulmonologist. Ngokuvamile, lo mhlukumezi uqondiswa umelaphazi, enquma ezinye izimpawu ezithile zemithi ye-pulmonary pathology. Umuntu ngokwakhe angasolisa isifo se-pulmonary uma:
- ukukhwehlela isikhathi eside, owomile noma ngokukhishwa kwesikhukhula;
- ukukhwehlela ngokuhlukaniswa kwamanzi noma umbala ongenasici we-sputum;
- ukuphefumula ngesikhathi sokuzikhandla ngokomzimba noma ekuphumuleni;
- ukucindezeleka ukuphefumula noma ukuphefumula;
- ubuhlungu esifubeni ngesikhathi sokuphefumula.
Inqubo eyenziwa kanjani yi-pulmonologist?
Isigulane, esiya ekwamukelweni okokuqala, ngokuvamile sifuna ukwazi ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kanjani ku-pulmonologist. Nakhu okushiwo isazi sephaphu:
- Okokuqala, udokotela uqoqa i-anamnesis futhi uqhuba ukuhlola okubukwayo kwesifuba, ukuhlola ubukhulu bayo, ukulinganisa kanye neminye imingcele.
- Okulandelayo, i-pulmonologist ihlanganisa izimbambo nezintambo ezilula, zixubha amaphaphu ukuze zibone izibonakaliso zezicubu.
- Khona-ke ulalela amaphaphu, eveza imisindo ye-wheezing and uncharacteristic yomzimba onempilo.
Uhlolisisa kanjani isazi sephaphu?
Njengoba ulwazi olutholakala esigulini futhi ukuhlolwa akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi kunikeze isithombe esihlosiwe sesifo, isiguli sinikezwa ezinye izifundo. Yini i-pulmonologist ehlola emva kokuhlolwa:
- Ukuhlolwa kwelabhulogi - ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwegazi kanye nomchamo, ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody, ukuhlaziywa kwemithi, ukuhlolwa kwe-sputum.
- Imiphumela ye-spirometry ne-spirography, ezosiza ekunqumeni inani lemisipha yamaphaphu elimele ekhunjulwa enkambweni yokuphefumula.
- Imiphumela ye-MRI, i-ultrasound, i-echocardiography, i-radiography, i-tomography ehlanganisiwe namanye amasu.
Iseluleko se-pulmonologist
Njengoba izifo ezivame ukwanda kwe-pulmonary zibangelwa izinkinga ze-banal amakhaza noma i- SARS , izincomo eziqhubekayo kakhulu ze-pulmonologist:
- Qinisekisa ukuzivikela komzimba.
- Gqoka ngendlela efanele ngenkathi.
- Gcina imithetho yokuhlanzeka.
- Nciphisa ezinye izingozi zokugula.
- Uma lesi sifo singenakugwema - ungahlanganyeli emithini yokuzisiza, sebenzisa usizo lodokotela.
Izifo zesimiso sokuphefumula nokuvimbela kwabo
Izifo zokuphefumula ezinamandla ziholela ekukhubazekeni noma ekufeni, ngakho-ke, ukuze kugcinwe impilo, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Okokuqala, qeda imikhuba eyingozi eyanciphisa ukumelana komzimba ekutheleleni, futhi okunamathiselwe okunobungozi, njengokubhema, kungaholela ekuthuthukiseni umdlavuza wamaphaphu.