I-glucocorticoids iyinhlobo yamahomoni akhiqizwa ngenxa yomsebenzi we-cortex e-adrenal. Elinye lamahomoni yi-cortisone, okuyinto lapho ukusebenza kwesibindi kuphenduka elinye i-hormone - hydrocortisone (cortisol). I-Cortisol yi-hormone edume kakhulu futhi ebalulekile yomzimba womuntu. Imithi esekelwe kula ma hormone isetshenziswe kusukela kuma-40s ekhulwini lokugcina.
Izinhlobo ze-hormone zokwenziwa
Kuze kube manje, ngaphezu kwe-glucocorticoids yemvelo, kunezinhlobo zezidakamizwa, eziyinhloko kumahomoni okwenziwa, ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezimbili:
- fluorinated (dexamethasone, betamethasone, njll);
- non-fluorinated (prednisone, prednisolone).
Zibonakaliswa ngempumelelo ephezulu uma idla umthamo ophansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-glucocorticoids ehlwithayo inomphumela ophansi kakhulu wemiphumela emibi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa-glucocorticoids
Amalungiselelo okuqukethwe kwe-glucocorticoids, asetshenziselwa isibalo esikhulu sezifo ezibucayi, tk. babe nemiphumela ehlukene emzimbeni.
Imingcele evamile yokumisa izidakamizwa zaleli qembu yilezi:
- i-asthma ye-bronchial ;
- i-arthritis ye-rheumatoid;
- i-leukemia;
- i-mononucleosis;
- izifo zesikhumba (dermatitis, eczema);
- i-anemia;
- i-pneumonia;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo;
- i-pancreatitis;
- isifo sofuba.
Indlela yokuchayeka ayiqondi kahle, kepha umphumela wokusetshenziswa kwe-glucocorticoids ingaba ukulwa nokuvuvukala, ukuvimbela umzimba, ukulwa nokugula, ukuphikisana. Amalungiselelo akhishwa ngamafomu ahlukahlukene:
- i-sprays;
- amaphilisi;
- lotions;
- amafutha;
- uketshezi olwenziwe umjovo kanye nokuphuza.
Uhlu lwezidakamizwa-glucocorticoids
Uhlu lwendlela enjalo lukhulu kakhulu. Okudume kakhulu futhi okuphumelelayo yilezi:
- I-Cortisone - iqhaza ekwelapheni okufaka endaweni;
- Prednisolone - izikhathi ezine eziphumelela kakhulu kune-Hydrocortisone;
- I-Prednisone - ayinconywa ngezinkinga zesibindi;
- I-Methylprednisolone - efaneleka ukwelashwa kweziguli ezinokukhuluphala, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, izilonda;
- I-Triamcinolone - inomthelela owedlula ukwedlula i-prednisolone, eneemiphumela emibi evela emisipha nasesikhumba;
- I-Dexamethasone iyilungiselelo eliphumelelayo lokusebenzisa isikhathi esifushane;
- I-Betamethasone yisidakamizwa esiseduze ku-dexamethasone.
Imiphumela emibi ye-glucocorticoids
Ukuthola izinto eziningana zokwelashwa ezinhle, i-glucocorticoids ayinayo imiphumela emibi engathandekayo. Yingakho bavame ukuqokwa njengezifundo ezimfushane noma ezisetshenziselwa amacala azinzima kakhulu. Ukulungiswa kweqembu le-glucocorticoids kungabangela ukusabela okungathandeki okulandelayo:
- ukuphefumula kwamathambo, insikazi yekhanda necrosis;
- ukwehluleka kwamathambo;
- wehlile isikhumba turgor;
- ukubukeka kwe-streaks, ukuncibilika, ukubola kwamanzi;
- ukwanda kwesisindo somzimba;
- ukuphulwa kombuso we-psychomotional;
- isifo sikashukela;
- ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa;
- ukuphazamiseka kwegciwane lokugaya (isophagitis, isisu somzimba kanye nokuphuma kwamathumbu emathunjini).
- izifo ezithathelwanayo (i- glaucoma , i-cataract).