Ukudla okunjalo okubalulekile kanye nesitshalo sefrida njengamazambane ama-sweet potato asetshalwe ezindaweni ezihlala endaweni enezitshalo ezishisayo nezishisayo, kodwa futhi zingakhula endaweni efudumele. Imifino isetshenziselwa ukupheka izitsha ezihlukene ekuphekwe, okubhaka, okuthosiwe, ifomu omisiwe, lapho ushukela, ufulawa, utshwala kanye ne-molasses kulungiselelwa khona.
Amazambane ebhodlela amazambane
Iningi labantu lizwile ngama-sweet potato, kodwa ngokuqondile, uhlobo luni lwesitshalo, abaningi abazi. Amazambane amazambane kukhona imifino enesifo sofuba enambitheka njengokwamaqabunga, i-bananas, i-ananas, izaqathe kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo. Amazambane aqukethe isitashi, umthombo omuhle kakhulu we-calcium ne-carotene. Ukunambitheka komzimba kunikelwa yi-glucose, equkethwe ku-pulp ngobuningi obukhulu. Kucatshangwa ukuthi i-anti-depressant eqinile, ihlanza i-cholesterol, igqugquzela ukuvuselelwa kwesikhumba, inciphisa ubuhlungu besisu uma udla imifino ngaphambi kokuzivocavoca. I-fibre ithuthukisa imetabolism emzimbeni.
Izinhlobo ze-Bathat
Ezweni kunezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene zamazambane. Ngaphandle bayahluka:
- uhlobo lwezilimo eziyizigaxa (nxazonke, i-ribbed, i-fusiform);
- umthunzi we-peel (kusuka kumhlophe kuya ethusi-orange);
- inyama yombala (omhlophe, ophuzi, isanqante, obomvu, obomvu).
Izinhlobonhlobo eziyinhloko zihlukaniswe ngokuthi i-dessert, imifino kanye nefolda, ekhonjiswe ukuhlunga kwe-glucose, i-carotene nokunambitha. Izinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu zamazambane amazambane adle ukudla:
- Ukunqoba 100. Izinhlobonhlobo zokudla okunomsoco ezivuthiwe nge-orange inyama. Lapho izilimo eziyizigaxa zilele phansi, zidla njengamantongomane nebhanana.
- I-Beauregard. Ukuphikisana nezifo, isivuno esikhulu, asiphahli. I-rind inemibala yezinyosi ene-pulp yama-orange emanzini, ecebile ku-carotene.
- I-Red's George. Izinhlobonhlobo zivumelanisiwe kumgqa ophakathi wezwe. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinezikhumba zethusi kanye nenyama elula ngendlela eluhlaza kusuka kumazambane ukuze kunambitheke azifani, emva kokupheka kube mnandi.
I-sweet potato ikhula kanjani?
Ama-sweet potato ama-sweet liana-anyakazayo, anamamitha angu-1-5 m ubude, asakazeka emhlabathini futhi athole izimpande emafotsheni. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuyinto 15-18 cm, amaqabunga esitshalweni kukhona petiolate, palchate-lobed noma cordate. Izimpande ezisemuva ze-sweet potato zinyathela kakhulu, zifake izilimo eziyizigaxa ezihlukene ngaphandle kwe-ocelli enyameni edliwayo, umbala wawo kuxhomeke ezihlukahlukene. Izithelo zamazambane anama-200 g kuya ku-3kg, izinhlobonhlobo zemifino ngenxa yezinto ezihlukahlukene ze-glucose zine ukunambitheka okuhlukile - kumnandi kakhulu noma cha.
I-sweet potato kanjani?
Emaceleni amaqabunga ama-sweet potato, izimbali ezifakwe emngcwabeni zikhula nge-pink, umbala we-lilac omhlophe noma omhlophe, ofana ne-convolvulus enkulu. Bakha amabhulashi ama-3-7 efihlekile. Ama-pedicels anesilinganiso esifanayo nama-petioles amaqabunga. I-Batat isitshalo semifino esinamaprotheni, esenziwa ngokuyinhloko yizinyosi. Iningi lama-cultivars lilahlekelwe ikhono lawo lokuzala ngocansi, iningi aliqhakazi nhlobo, kodwa amanye amahlumela okuthakazelisayo futhi ayenze amabhokisi omzimba omnyama, omnyama noma obomvu ngokulinganisa okungu 3.5 - 4.5 mm.
Indlela yokutshala amazambane amahle?
Ungakhula amazambane amazambane nge imbewu noma ngokusebenzisa izithombo, ezitholakala emva kokuhluma kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Indlela yokuqala idinga isikhathi esiningi nomzamo. Ngaphambi kokutshala amazambane ngembewu, kubalulekile ukuthola imbewu enhle. Ukukhula ngokusebenzisa izithombo kuvame kakhulu, kungenzeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe ukuphindaphinda okunjalo kwesitshalo ngisho nabaqaphi balimi. Ukutshala izilimo eziyizigaxa emhlabathini masinyane, njengamazambane, akunconywa - ukuvuthwa kwamasiko isikhathi eside futhi ngeke kube nesikhathi sokwakha izithelo ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa.
Ukutshala ama-sweet potato nezilimo eziyizigaxa
Okokuqala, udinga ukuthenga izilimo eziyizigaxa, endaweni encane abazodinga izicucu ezimbalwa kuphela. Izinto zokutshala zingasetshenziswa nge-disinfected ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka sulfate sulfate. Amazambane amazambane yam ukuhluma afakwa ebusika ngoJanuwari - Februwari, ngaleyo njongo ibhokisi eliphakeme lika-15-20 cm liphakame. Emigodini yalo engaphansi imisiwe, umkhumbi ubeka phezu kwephalethi bese ufakwe efelini lewindi. Ukutshala amazambane ama-sweet with nezilimo eziyizigaxa:
- i-substrate ilungiswe kusuka ezingxenyeni ezifanayo zenhlabathi evulekile, i-humus nesihlabathi. Ingxube kufanele ibhakwe isikhashana kuhhavini;
- Ingxenye yesithathu yebhokisi igcwele inhlabathi, isihlabathi kufanele sibe phezulu nesendlalelo se-3 cm;
- Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezigcotshwa yi-disinfected zifaka emhlabathini, zicindezeleke kancane futhi zichithe isihlabathi zibe yingqimba ka-3-4 cm. Kufanele zibe yingxenye encane emhlabathini;
- izinga lokushisa lokuhluma liyadingeka ngaphakathi + 18-27 ° C, i-substrate iphuziswa njalo;
- I-cuttings ivela emva kwezinsuku ezingu-30, lapho ifika ukuphakama kwamahlumela angu-10 cm ihlukaniswe futhi ifakwa emanzini, ukuze izimpande zivele, bese zifakwa ezinkomeni;
- Amahlumela kusuka ezilimo eziyizigaxa angasuswa kuze kube izikhathi ezingu-7, njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-10;
- ezindaweni ezivulekile izitshalo zitshalwe entwasahlobo, lapho inhlabathi iqhuma kuze kufike ku-15 ° C, futhi izinga lokushisa lomoya lifinyelela ku-25 ° C;
- emasimini okulungisa isayithi ekujuleni kwe-15 sm nokuwahambisa;
- Uhlelo lokutshala: ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo 40 cm, phakathi kwemigqa - 70 cm;
- izithombo zijuliswe ngama-internodes angu-2, evikelwe amabhodlela epulasitiki noma izimbiza zeglasi, ezokusiza ukuba zilunge. Emva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amasha, indawo yokukhosela isusiwe.
Ukutshala amazambane amazambane enhlabathini ngembewu
Ukuhlakulela amazambane ngembewu kuqala eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili kaFebhuwari. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lungiselela ingxube yomhlaba ovulekile, i-humus nesihlabathi esinamaqabunga ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo. Imbewu ayinqunyelwe i-disinfected ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate futhi isomisiwe. Imithetho yokufika:
- Izithombo zigcwele i-substrate enezakhi, imbewu ihlanganiswe kubo ngokujula kwe-1.5-2 cm;
- izitshalo zihlanganiswa nefilimu, zifakwa endaweni efudumele, ziphuza njalo;
- amahlumela amazambane amazambane ama-sweet potato abhekwa ukulungele ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile uma befinyelela ukuphakama kuka-15-20 cm;
- Kwaphela amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokufakelwa izitshalo zibe nzima - baphathwa emoyeni omusha ngamahora amaningana nsuku zonke.
Uphi i-sweet potato ekhulayo?
Uma uhlela ukuhlakulela amazambane, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe kwisayithi lapho kuzokhula khona. Ama-sweet potato amnandi - izimo zokukhula ngokuphumelelayo:
- indawo yokudlala kufanele ivikeleke emoyeni oqinile futhi ukhanyiswe kahle, lesi sitshalo asikuthandi ngisho nomthunzi omncane kakhulu;
- inhlabathi engcono kakhulu iyisihlabathi, i-sandy loam, ihamba, i-acidity ephansi kanye nokujula kwamanzi angaphansi kwamamitha amabili;
- Ekwindla, umanyolo usetshenziselwa ukumba - u-3 kg wamanzi omningi, 15 g we potassium sulfate kanye no-20 g we- super- phosphate nge-1 m 2 . Inhlabathi enomhlabathi kufanele ibe ngaphezu kwe-lime. Ngentwasahlobo, inhlabathi ikhululiwe futhi i-80 g ye-nitrogen nitrate yengezwa;
- Amazambane amnandi ama-sweet potato athuthuka kahle emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-20 ° C, ngenkathi ehla ku-10 ° C, lesi sitshalo siyeka ukukhula, futhi ku-0 ° C - siyafa.
Indlela yokutshala amazambane amnandi?
Isitshalo kubalulekile ukuthi singagxili ekuqeqesheni iziqu, njengoba lokhu kunciphisa isivuno saso. Ngakho-ke, iziqu zamazambane kufanele ziphakanyiswe ngezikhathi ezithile emhlabathini ngesikhathi sokulima futhi zivimbele ukwakheka kwezimpande ezingadingekile. Uma ukuhlakulela kubalulekile ukukhipha ukhula ngendlela ehlelekile, ngaphandle kwalokho ukuvimbela ukuhlwanyela nokuchitha umhlaba, kanti isitshalo siba buthakathaka.
Ukuvuna kuphakathi kuka-Septhemba. Amazambane abhekwa njengokuvuthiwe lapho amahlamvu awo neziqu ziba ziphuzi bese ziqala ukuphela. Izithelo zidutshulwa kahle endaweni esomile, zibeke embhedeni ukuze zomiswe. Angadliwa ngokushesha. Izilimo eziyizigaxa, ezihloselwe ukusindisa, zigcinwa isonto e-28-30 ° C, bese zifakwa ebhokisini, zingagcinwa ku-10 ° C izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Batat
Amazambane ama-sweet is a isiko esingamelana nesomiso, ungathandi ama-waterlogging nhlobo. Ukunisela kufanele kube nokuningi ekuqaleni, lapho izihlahla zihluma. Ekuqaleni, bakhela izimpande eziningi, khona-ke ukhula lukhula futhi lugobe kuzo zonke izinkomba. Engxenyeni yesibili yemifino, ukuchelela kuncishiswe kwaba kanye ezinsukwini eziyi-10. Uma izimvula ziqhubeka njalo, awukwazi ukunyakaza nhlobo. Amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kokuvuna, ukuchelela kumile.
Kusukela maphakathi no-Agasti, ngesikhathi sokuvuna kanye nokwakhiwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa amazambane amazambane amnandi adinga ukufaka umquba owengeziwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa kanye ngesonto umanyolo we-potassium, ofaneleka umlotha okhuni. 1-2 izibuko ze-powder kufanele zivuthwe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi, ukuphoqa amasonto amabili, zivuselela ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukwenza ilitha elilodwa lokubunjwa ehlathini ngalinye.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamazambane
Amazambane amazambane amazambane azalisa amahlumela nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Isithelo esikhethwe ukuzalanisa sigcinwa ekushiseni kwe-10 ° C endaweni emnyama. Ukulethwa ekukhanyeni nangokujulile ngengxenye engxenyeni ye-substrate, banikeza amahlumela avunyelwe kalula. Ukufakwa emkhunjini ngamanzi amanzi emva kwezinsuku ezintathu kuya ku-7 kuqala izimpande namahlumela atshalwe emabhodini. Kamuva baqala ukukhipha amaqabunga.
Futhi, kulula ukunikeza izimpande kanye nemivimbo yemifino ngaphambi kokusika emhlabathini ekwindla amazambane. Etshalwe embizeni yasekhaya, bayohlakulela isitshalo esihle futhi bahlobisa igumbi phakathi nobusika, kanti entwasahlobo bayoba umthombo wokutshala okusha. Emhlabathini bahlwanyela ama-cuttings we-cuttings 15-20 cm, angakhiwa kalula ibe isitshalo esigcwele.
Izinambuzane zama-sweet potato
Lesi sitshalo sibhekwa singamelana nezifo nezinambuzane, kepha ngezinye izikhathi zingaphazamisa isivuno. Izinkinga ezingenzeka uma ukhula amazambane amahle amnandi:
- Amagundane noma izimpungushe zikaMeyi zinyakazela. Ama-parasites afihla emhlabathini futhi adle izilimo eziyizigaxa. Ukubhubhisa izinambuzane kuzosiza ukuphuza imibhede nomuthi u-Aktara, Aktofit, emigqeni oyidingayo ukubeka izicupho zeglue kubantu abadala ngoMeyi.
- Slugs. Ikhathaze ikakhulukazi imifino enambitheka emvuleni. Kusemthethweni kuyadingeka ukubeka izitsha ngebhiya futhi emva kwesikhashana ukuqoqa izinambuzane.
- Isibungu se-spider. Uthinta amaqabunga neziqu, ukubhubhisa ama-parasite kuzosiza ukuhlanza isihlahla se-Fitoverm noma i-anyan husks, i-bleached, chamomile yamakhemikhali.
- Umlenze omnyama. Isifo se-fungal, singathinta izithombo, sijikeleza isiqu. Ukuze ugweme lesi sifo, hlwaza amazambane amazambane kuphela okudingeka ukuthi u-decontaminated, i-substrate kumele ichithe ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngePhytosporin-M, ukuze ingabi acidic, igobolondo lamaqanda linganezelwa emhlabathini.