I-Extrasystole - izimpawu

I-Extrasystolia ukwephulwa kwesigqi senhliziyo, okuhlobene nokubukeka kwezingxabano ezingashadile noma ezibanjwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngaphambi kwenhliziyo (ama-extrasystoles) abangelwa ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-myocardial ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Lona uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo ( arrhythmia ), olutholakala kubantu abangu-60-70%.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-extrasystole

Kuye ngokuthi kwenzeke kanjani ukwakheka kwe-ectopic foci yenjabulo, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokukhubazeka ziyahlukaniswa:

• i-extrasystole ye-ventricular;
• i-extrasystole engaphezulu (i-inrial, evela ku-atrioventricular node);
• i-extrasystole ye-atrioventricular.

Kuye ngokuvama kokubukeka, ama-extrasystoles ayahluka:

• ongashadile;
• zihlangene (ezilandelayo ezimbili zilandelana);
• iqembu (ezingaphezu kwambili).

Ukuvama kwesenzakalo se-extrasystoles ukuhlukanisa i-extrasystole:

• okungavamile (ngaphansi kuka-5 ngomzuzu);
• isilinganiso (6 - 15 ngomzuzu);
• ngokuvamile (ngokuvamile 15 ngomzuzu).

Isici se-etiological:

1. Ama-extrasystoles asebenzayo - ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi kubantu abanobuhle obangelwa ukuphuza utshwala, izidakamizwa, ukubhema, ukuphuza itiye eliqinile noma ikhofi, kanye nokuphendula okuhlukahlukene kwemifino, ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo, izimo ezicindezelayo.
2. Ama-extrasystoles of nature nature - avela emonakalweni we-myocardial: isifo senhliziyo, i-myocardial infarction, i-cardiosclerosis, i-cardiomyopathy, i-pericarditis, i-myocarditis, umonakalo we-myocardial ekusebenzeni kwenhliziyo, i-amyloidosis, i-sarcoidosis, i-hemochromatosis, njll.
3. I-extrasystoles enobuthi eyenzeka ngezimo ze-feverish, thyrotoxicosis, njengomphumela ohlangothini ngemuva kokuthatha imithi ethile (i-caffeine, ephedrine, novorrin, i-antidepressants, i-glucocorticoids, i-diuretics, njll.).

Izimpawu ze-extrasystole yenhliziyo

Kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi ngemvelaphi ephilayo ye-extrasystoles, azikho izimpawu zomtholampilo ze-extrasystole. Kodwa noma kunjalo kungenzeka ukuthi adalule inani lezibonakaliso zalesi sifo. Ngokuvamile, iziguli zenza izikhalazo ezilandelayo:

• ukuzwa kokuthuthumela nokushaya inhliziyo enamandla;
• ukuzizwa kokuphelela, ukuyeka kwenhliziyo;
• umuzwa wokushintsha "inhliziyo" esifubeni.

Ukubonakala kwezimbonakaliso ezinjalo kuyisici se-extrasystole esebenzayo:

• i-pallor;
• ukujuluka okukhulu;
• umuzwa wokuntuleka komoya;
• ukuzwa ukhathazeka, ukwesaba.

I-extrasystole ye-ventricular ingazibonakalisa ngokwazo nezimpawu ezinjalo nezimpawu:

• imizwa yokuphazamiseka emsebenzini wenhliziyo;
• isiyezi;
• ubuthakathaka;
• ubuhlungu be-anginal;
• ukuphefumula ;
• ukuzwa kokuntuleka komoya.

Izimpawu ze-extrasystole ezingaphezulu zifanayo, noma kunjalo, njengomthetho, le ndlela ye-pathology ilula kakhulu nge-ventricular.

Izimpawu ze-ECG ze-extrasystole

Indlela eyinhloko yokuxilongwa kwe-extrasystole i-electrocardiography yomsindo (ECG). Isici esijwayelekile soma yiluphi uhlobo i-extrasystole yiyokudabuka kokuqala kwenhliziyo - ukunciphisa isikhathi sokulinganisa okuyinhloko ka-RR ku-electrocardiogram.

Ukuqapha kwe-ECG ye-Holter nayo ingenziwa - inqubo yokuxilonga lapho isiguli sigqoke khona idivayisi ye-ECG ephathekayo yamahora angu-24. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, idayari igcinwa, lapho zonke izenzo ezisemqoka zesiguli (ukuphakamisa, ukudla, ukulayisha ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, izinguquko ezingokomzwelo, ukuwohloka kwenhlalakahle, ukuthatha umhlalaphansi, ukuvuswa kwebusuku) kubhaliwe ngesikhathi. Ekubuyisaneni okulandelwayo kwe-ECG nedatha yedayari, ama-arrhythmias enhliziyo engaqiniseki (ahambisana nokucindezeleka, umsebenzi womzimba, njll) angatholakala.