I-syndrome giperkaltsiemi futhi iyisifo se-biochemical, lapho ukwanda kwe-calcium yokuhlushwa kubonakala e-plasma yegazi. Kuvame ukutholakala ngesikhathi kuhlaziywa kwezinto eziphilayo.
Izimbangela ze-hypercalcemia
I-Hypercalcemia kwenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sezifo ezihlukahlukene noma izinqubo ze-pathological emzimbeni. Ngokuvamile ukugula okunjalo kubonakala njengomphumela wezilonda zezinhlayiya ze-parathyroid. Izimbangela ze-hypercalcemia yizi:
- i-pseudo-hyperparathyroidism;
- amathambo ayisithupha;
- i-lymphoma;
- i-leukemia;
- i-myeloma;
- lymphogranulomatosis .
E-plasma yegazi, i-calcium yokuhlushwa iyakhula ngokuhluleka kwezinso kanye nezifo ze-endocrine (i-acromegaly, thyrotoxicosis kanye nokungaqiniseki okunamandla okuqhubekayo). I-hypercalcemia ivela kuma-neoplasms amahle, ngesikhathi kusetshenziswa imithi ethile nangemva kokuhlukana kwamathambo.
Izimpawu ze-hypercalcemia
Ngokuvamile kaningi nge-hypercalcemia, azikho izimpawu. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, kunezibonakaliso zemitholampilo. Lokhu kufaka:
- ubuhlungu esifundeni samathumbu;
- ukuqotshwa;
- ukuhlanzeka nokuhlanza;
- ukwanda kwengcindezi yegazi;
- ukungabi nesifiso sokudla, futhi ngenxa yalokho, i-anorexia;
- ukuvimbela amathumbu .
Ukwanda kwe-serum calcium okungaphezu kwe-12 mg% kungase kuhambisane nokusebenza ngokomzwelo, ukucindezeleka kwengqondo, ukudideka, ukudiliza nokuxubana. Isiguli sinenkinga yokukhathazeka ngokomzwelo, isisu, ubuthakathaka kanye nokucubungula.
Ukoma njalo nokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi kungase kube izibonakaliso ze-hypercalcemia. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inani eliningi ngokweqile le-calcium egazini lenza ukuba izinso zesiguli zisebenze ngokwengeziwe. Ngenxa yalokho, zikhiqiza umthamo owodwa ngokweqile, futhi umzimba ngesilinganiso esheshayo ulahlekelwa uketshezi.
Nge-hypercalcemia eqinile, isigqi senhliziyo siyaphazamiseka, isibonelo, isikhathi se-QT ku-ECG sinciphisa. Izinga le-calcium le-serum lingaphezu kwe-18 mg%? Lokhu kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso, ukukhubazeka okukhulu komsebenzi wobuchopho ngisho ne-coma. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ngisho nomphumela obulalayo kungenzeka.
E-hypercalcaemia engavamile, isiguli singase sibe namatshe noma amakhemikhali ane-calcium ezintsheni ezibangela umonakalo ongenakwenzeka.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-hypercalcemia
Ukuxilongwa kwe-hypercalcemia kungasungulwa ngesisekelo sokuthola izinga eliphezulu le-calcium e-serum yegazi okungaphansi kwesithathu. Emva kwalokhu, isiguli kufanele sithole izifundo ezengeziwe ezizosiza ukubeka izimbangela zokuthuthukiswa kwesifo:
- ukuphuma kwe-calcium emcinini ngosuku;
- ukuhlaziywa kwe-phosphate engavamile;
- isilingo somsebenzi we-serum we-enzyme alkaline phosphatase.
Kwezinye izimo, nge-idiopathic hypercalcemia, ama-radiographs of bones, ama-pyelography angenasifo kanye nama-tomographic scans esithombeni nesilwane okufanele kwenziwe.
Ukwelashwa kwe-hypercalcemia
Ukwelashwa kwe-hypercalcemia kwenziwa ngosizo lwezidakamizwa ezivimbela ukukhululwa kwamathambo e-calcium. Futhi, isiguli siyisimiso sokudonswa kwezidakamizwa kanye nezidakamizwa ezivimbela umsebenzi we-osteoclasts. Uma isiguli sithatha i-vitamin D, yeka ukuphuza ngokushesha. Ezimweni ezinzima nge-hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia, kufanele kwenziwe umsebenzi wokukhipha isifo esisodwa se-parathyroid noma ukufakelwa kwezinso.
Ngemuva kokuqeda ukwelashwa, kubalulekile ukulawula ukungena kokudla okune-calcium ecebile, bese uzama ukungathathi izidakamizwa eziqukethe inani elikhulu le-calcium ne-vitamin D.