I-Meningitis kusho ukuvuvukala kwezingqimba zobuchopho. Isizathu saleso sifo singaba amagciwane, amabhaktheriya kanye nesifungumane, ngakho-ke i-meningitis ingazibonakalisa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Indlela yokuqaphela lesi sifo esiteshini sokuqala kanye nesikhathi sokufuna usizo lwezokwelapha, sizoxoxa kulokhu kulesi sihloko.
Izimpawu zokuqala ze-meningitis ezinganeni
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-pathogen, izimpawu ze-meningitis ezinganeni zifana kakhulu. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokuba khona kwezibonakaliso ezivamile ezithathelwanayo, okungaba khona kwezinye izifo. Lesi sifo siqala ngomkhuhlane, futhi ukwanda komshini wokushisa komzimba nge-meningitis kungafinyelela ku-39-40 ° C, okuhambisana nekhanda lokushisa. Izingane ziba yizinselele, noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, zikhululeka ngokweqile. Uma i-meningitis ibonakala, ubuhlungu besisu nokuhlanza okuningi.
Ungakwazi ukunquma i-meningitis ngezibonakaliso ezimbalwa eziqondile, njengoku: ukubukeka kwamabala obomvana ngosuku lokuqala lwesifo. I-rash nge-meningitis isakazeka emzimbeni wonke futhi ibonakala ngokukhona kwamaphuzu amancane egazi. Uma i-meningitis ikhona ithoni elidlulele emisipha ye-occipital - ingane ayikwazi ukugoba entanyeni ukuze isikhumba sayo sifinyelele esifubeni. Futhi, imisipha yamaphethelo ishona. Ukuthola lesi sibonakaliso, isiguli sibekwe ngemuva kwakhe futhi umlenze ugobile ema-angles angakwesokudla kuze kube semlenzeni nasemadolweni. Uma unqamule umlenze, akunakwenzeka ukuguqula umlenze emadolweni. Ezinganeni zonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, kukhona ukuqubuzana kwe-fontanel enkulu nokukhishwa kwekhanda.
I-viral and meningitis ezibulalayo ezibulalayo zinempawu ezifanayo, ngakho-ke isibonakaliso sokuqala, masinyane shayela i-ambulensi. Ukuxilongwa kwe-meningitis kufanele kwenziwe kuphela udokotela, uthathe iphepheni lomgogodla.
I-meningitis e-viral ezinganeni
I-menigitas e-viral iyenzeka kaningi kakhulu futhi ezimweni eziningi kubangelwa ama-enteroviruses (i-Coxsackie virus kanye ne-ECHO), kaningi kangako ngamagciwane we-mumps, herpes, mononucleosis noma i-encephalitis ephathwe ngamakethi. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokuxhumana nabantu abagulayo nokufaka ukuphuma kwabo emlonyeni, ekhaleni, i-anus emakhaleni nasemlonyeni. Ama-virus aqala ukungena nasopharynx nesisu, bese efika egazini. Ngokusho odokotela, ukuhlala nomuntu ogulayo kuphephile, kuyilapho ulandela ngokucophelela imithetho yokuhlanzeka. Lesi sifo sithinta kakhulu abantu abanezakhi zofuzo ezibangelwa i-meningitis.
Kuze kube manje, odokotela baye baqeda ngokuphelele inkolelo yokuthi ukugula kwamadoda kungagula nge-hypothermia. Futhi, awukwazi ukuthola i-meningitis kusukela eqinisweni ukuthi ngesikhathi sokubandayo awudingi ukugqoka isigqoko - ukutheleleka njalo kwenzeka ekamelweni elifudumele.
I-meningitis eyi-viral nayo ibizwa nangokuthi i-serous meningitis (aseptic), izimpawu zazo ezinganeni ezifana nobanda obubandayo. Lesi sifo sithatha cishe isonto futhi sidlula zonke izifo ezithathelwanayo ngokwayo, ngaphandle kokudinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile.
I-meningitis ye-bacterium ezinganeni
I-bacterial (purulent) meningitis ibangelwa amabhaktheriya (induku ene-hemophilic, i-pneumococcus, i-meningococcus). Ama-pathogens adluliselwa ngamaconsi aphuma emoyeni ngamagundane emangcwabeni emphinjeni nasopharynx. Lezi zinambuzane zingaba khona nasopharynx womuntu onempilo futhi zingalimazi lutho, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zithinta ubuchopho ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile noma ngaphansi kwethonya lezici ezithile:
- ukutholakala kwe-foci yokutheleleka eduze kwezingqimba zobuchopho - sinusitis, i-purulent otitis;
- ukuvuvukala okuphazamisayo emzimbeni, lapho i-pathogen engena egazini - i-pneumonia, ubuhlungu bomphimbo, i-abscess;
- i-craniocerebral trauma, lapho ama-microbes engena ezingxenyeni zobuchopho ngokugeleza kwegazi;
- ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.
I-meningitis ye-bacterial yisifo esiyingozi kakhulu esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Kuze kube manje, isilinganiso esincane se-prophylaxis ngokumelene ne-bacterial meningitis ukugoma.