Kusukela ezinyangeni ezintathu, izingane zinikezwe i-DPT izikhathi eziningana. Enye yezingxenye zayo yi-pertussis cell microbial (ngokulingana okuncane). Ngaphandle kokugoma, ithuba lomntwana lokuthola lezi zingqimba zikhula ngokuphawulekayo, njengoba kwenza izingozi zokuba nezinkinga eziyingozi.
I-Pertussis - Iyini lesi sifo?
Igama le-pathology livela ngesiFulentshi "la coqueluche", igama elithi onomatopoeic elisho iqhude elikhala noma ukukhala kwenkukhu. Ezokwelapha, kunencazelo ecacile yalokho okukhwehlelayo - isifo esithathelwanayo esiphuthumayo esiphezulu sokuphefumula, okucasulwa amabhaktheriya athile. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngenqubo ye-catarrhal ngokuhambisana nokuhlaselwa kwe-spasmodic kokukhwehlela okukhulu.
Ukukhwehlela okukhiphayo - Izimbangela
Lokhu ukuvuvukala kubangela induku yokugaya-negama, eyaziwa kalula ngamaconsi. I-agent causative yokukhwehlela ukukhwehlela yi-bacterium aerobic Bordetella pertussis. Ahluke ngokuzinzile emvelweni, izimo ezifudumele nezifudumele zilungile kakhulu empilweni yayo, okuchaza ukuthi izikhathi ze-pathology zonyaka (ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo nasekwindla). Kubalulekile ukuthola i-pertussis ngesikhathi esifanele ezinganeni, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kokutheleleka kulula kumazinga okuqala wesifo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izinkinga ezinkulu zingenzeka.
I-Pertussis - isikhathi sokutshala
Ngemuva kokuxhumana okude nomuntu ogulayo, ingane ayitholi ngokushesha izibonakaliso zokwelashwa. I-Pertussis ezinganeni kuqala iqala ngasese. Amabhaktheriya kancane kancane akhonsa izinambuzane ezimangcwaba zomuthi wokuphefumula, futhi enkonzweni ebalulekile abakhulula amakhemikhali abangela izimpawu ezithile. Isikhathi sokukhushulwa siphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-5-9, okungajwayelekile ukuthi senyukela ezinsukwini ezingu-20.
Yini engozini yokukhwehlela?
Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, i-pathology echazwe ingenza imiphumela emibi. Ikakhulukazi kwasebuntwaneni, ukukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo kuyingozi ezinganeni, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa ezinganeni kunzima ukuyihlolisisa bese ukhetha. Phakathi kwezinsana ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila, kunamathuba aphezulu ngisho nomphumela obulalayo. Yini engozini yokukhwehlela izingane:
- i-pneumonia ;
- ukuyeka ukuphefumula;
- ukukhathazeka;
- isithulu;
- ukuxubha;
- ukuhlukunyezwa kwesisu;
- ukuwa kwamaphaphu noma i-lobe yayo;
- ukuhlukunyezwa kolimi;
- i-eardrum ephukile;
- emphysema encane;
- i-pneumothorax engavamile;
- i-acidosis;
- i-paresis yezinzwa ze-cranial;
- i-hernia (inguinal, umbilical);
- i-bronchiolitis nabanye.
Izimpawu Zengane Ekhwehlela Ingane
Isithombe sesitholampilo ngokushesha ngemuva kokutheleleka futhi ngesikhathi sokukhushulwa asikho. Izimpawu zokuqala zokukhwehlela zikhishwa emva kwezinsuku ezingu-4-20 kusukela ngesikhathi sokutheleleka. Ubuqili babo nemali kuxhomeke esimweni jikelele somntwana kanye nokusebenza kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. I-pathology ye-symptomatic eqhubekayo ihambisana nesigaba sokuqhubeka kwayo.
Izikhathi zePertussis
Kunezigaba ezintathu ezisebenzayo zokuthuthukiswa kwesifo esinikeziwe. Izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kuxhomeke esikhathini sokuqhubeka nokukhwehlela izingane. Ezimweni eziningi, abazali abazinaki izibonakaliso zokuqala zokugula. Okokuqala, i-pertussis ifana ne-ARI ejwayelekile noma i-ARVI. Izitebhisi zokuvuvukala okubhebhethekayo kwesiphetho sokuphefumula:
- I-Catarrhal (i-prodromal). Isimo sezingane sinelisekile. Ukwandisa izinga lokushisa komzimba, kune-malaise, ukukhathazeka, ukuphazamiseka kokulala. Kukhona ukukhwehlela owomile nokushisa obuthakathaka, ukukhanda ikhanda.
- I-Spasmodic. Izimpawu ziyancipha, ukwelashwa okujwayelekile akusizi. Kule nkathi kubonakala ukuhlaselwa komkhuhlane othize. Ekuseni kwengane izwa inzwa emqaleni, ingqondo yokwesaba, ukucindezelwa esifubeni. Ukuthuthumela kwamanzi kunamandla kakhulu, okunye okuphefumula nokuphefumula okukhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa kwabantwana, ubuso buvuvukala, imithanjeni entanyeni ivuvuka, imithwalo yegazi ibonakala emehlweni, kukhona ukugcoba nokukhala, ngezinye izikhathi isikhumba siba nesibhakabhaka. Ngemuva kokukhwehlela, i-sputum ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ivulekile.
- Ukuthola kabusha (isinqumo). Ngokuphathwa ngendlela efanele, ukuqina kwezimpawu kancane kancane kwehla. Izingane zinezinkinga ezimbalwa, kodwa ubuthakathaka, ukucasula nokukhwehlela zikhona isikhathi eside. Ubude beli sigaba ngamaviki angu-2-8.
Isikhumba ngokukhwehlela okukhwehlela
Ukuqina kanye nemvelo yalesi sibonakaliso sokukhubazeka kuxhomeke esikhathini senkambo yayo. Okokuqala, ukukhwehlela okumile okuhambayo okuhambisana nokukhwehlela kwezingane, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa esiteji sokuqala kuvame ukunganakwa, ngoba abazali bayabona ukugula kwengane njengomkhuhlane noma i-hypothermia. Kancane kancane, isithombe somtholampilo siqinisa. Isifo sokukhwehlela ukukhwehlela sibangela ukukhwehlela ngezici ezilandelayo:
- uchungechunge lokushuswa okukhulu okufutshane (imijikelezo engu-2-15);
- ukuphindaphindiwe - ukuphefumula okuphefumulayo okuhambisana nokushaya umkhosi;
- umbala we-cyanotic umbala, ukukhwabanisa;
- ukuthuthukiswa kokuphelelwa amandla;
- Ukuphefumula okufushane kufinyelela;
- ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi entanyeni, ubuso emehlweni;
- ukukhishwa kwe-vitreous sputum ekupheleni kokuhlaselwa;
- isilonda emthonjeni wolimi;
- ukuzwakalisa izwi;
- ukuhlanza.
Rash ngokukhwehlela okukhwehlela
Azikho izimpawu zesikhumba ezibonakalayo noma ezithile ezichazwe ngesifo. Kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ezindaweni ezithile ekuboneni ukukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo, izimpawu zengane ngezinye izikhathi zihlanganisa ukuqhuma okukhulu. Lokhu kuyisimiso esincane segazi, esivela ekuqhekekeni kwama-capillary ku-ungqimba we-epidermal ngenkathi kuhlaselwa ukukhwehlela. Bazixazulula kancane kancane.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-pertussis
Kunezindlela eziningana zokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwe-pathology embuzweni. Okokuqala udinga ukubona odokotela:
- isazi;
- i-otolaryngologist;
- i-infectiologist.
Ngemuva kokubonisana ne-anamnesis, ochwepheshe bazodlulisela ingane emisebenzini ye-laboratory noma yezinsimbi. Indlela eyinhloko yokuxilongwa ukuhlaziya ukukhwehlela ukukhwehlela ukuhlukanisa i-pathogen. Njengengxenye yocwaningo, i-smear evela ku-pharynx noma i-sputum e-expectorated ngenkathi kukhishwa inqubo yokukhwehlela. Lokhu kuhlaziywa kungokwethenjelwa kwamasonto okuqala okuqhubekayo kwezifo. Inyanga emva kokutheleleka, i-bacterium Bordetella pertussis ayikwazi ukuhlukaniswa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, igazi le-pertussis lihlolwe ngezindlela eziningana:
- Ukuhlaziywa okujwayelekile. Kubalulekile ukukhomba izimpawu zakudala zenqubo yokuvuvukala emzimbeni - amazinga aphakanyisiwe ama-leukocyte nama-lymphocyte.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Immunoenzyme (ELISA). Isivivinyo sokuveza, esivela ngokushesha noma siphikisa ukutholakala kokukhwehlela.
- Ukusabela kwe-hemagglutination eqondile neqondile (RPGA ne-RNGA). Ama-antibodies ku-agent causative of pathology abonakala.
- I-Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Ukuhlakulela amabhaktheriya emkhatsini wezakhi ezinsukwini eziningana.
I-Pertussis - ukwelashwa
Ukwelashwa okuphelile kuyadingeka kuphela ngesimo esiphakathi nesiguli sesifo, ukutheleleka izinsana. Ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kokukhwehlela kwezingane kuyenziwa ekhaya ngezincomo ezilandelayo:
- Isusa ingane kuze kube yilapho isakazeka.
- Ukuhlanzwa kwansuku zonke kwegumbi lomntwana.
- Gcina umswakama ophakeme kanye nokushisa kwamahhala ku-18-20 degrees.
- Ukushayela njalo, ukuqinisekisa ukugeleza komoya.
- Imithwalo ejwayelekile ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.
- Ukudla okunomsoco ngekhalori elanele amavithamini namaminerali. Kuyinto efiselekayo ekudleni okuhlanzekile, kunikeze okufudumele kuphela.
- Isiphuzo esiningi.
- Ukuhamba amahora angu-1-2 izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngosuku (uma ingane ingekho umthelela wokutheleleka).
Ukukhwehlela okukhwehlela - okumele ukwenze uma kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa?
Uma lesi sifo sigijima ngaphandle kwezinkinga, akukho zenzo ezikhethekile okudingeka zithathwe.
Izindlela ezilula zokuqeda ukukhwehlela ngokukhwehlela
- Ukwandisa umswakama ekamelweni.
- Yiletha ingane emoyeni opholile.
- Tshala ingane bese uyibuyisela phambili.
- Gubha emuva ukwenza lula ukukhishwa kwe-sputum.
- Faka isicelo sokucindezela okubandayo endaweni yekhala.
Uma kunezibonakaliso zokuntuleka kwe-oksijeni, ukuhlushwa, kufanele ngokushesha ucele ithimba lokunakekelwa kwezempilo oluphuthumayo. Ochwepheshe basebenzisa izindlela ezinamandla kakhulu, indlela yokuphatha ukukhwehlela okukhwehlela izingane:
- ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu okufakelwa;
- ukujova kwamazinga amavithamini B1, B6 no-C;
- ukuphathwa ngokubambisana kwe-Seduxen.
Imithi nge-pertussis
Ukwelapha izidakamizwa kungakhethwa futhi kukhethwe udokotela kuphela ngokuhambisana nesiteji sokuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology, ubunzima bayo. Ukwelashwa kwe-pertussis ezinganeni ezinama-antibiotic kuqhutshwa kuphela esikhathini se-catarrhal. Kamuva, ama-bacterium-pathogens ahlulwa ngokuzimela emzimbeni ngosizo lokukhwehlela nokuhlukaniswa kwe-sputum. Ama-antimicrobial agents asetshenziswa:
- I-Flemoxin ;
- Ampicillin;
- Erythromycin;
- I-Augmentin;
- Kuhlanganiswe ;
- I-Gentamycin nabanye.
Izindlela zokwengeza ezengeziwe, indlela yokwelapha ukukhwehlela, ukuphakamisa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezilandelayo kuphela odokotela odokotela:
- antitussives (Kodelak, Sinekod );
- I-Neuroleptics (Propazine, i-Aminazine);
- benzodiazepines (tizanidine, baclofen);
- imithi yama-antihistamine (Suprastin, Pipolphen);
- ama-horticone e-corticosteroid (i-Prednisolone, i-Methylprednisolone).
I-Physiotherapy nayo iyasiza ekuqedeni ukukhwehlela okukhwehlela izingane, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kuhlinzekwa ngu:
- i-oxygen inhalation;
- ukugcoba ngemuva nangesifuba, okuthuthukisa i-expectoration;
- Ukuzivocavoca okuphefumula;
- i- nebulizer engenele.
Ukukhwehlela okukhwehlela - izindlela zabantu zokwelashwa ezinganeni
Zonke ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zihloswe ekuthuthukiseni ukuxilongwa kwe-mucus, ukususa ama-pathogens emzimbeni. Ukwelashwa okuthandwayo kokukhwehlela okukhiphayo kuveza imiphumela emihle elandelayo:
- ukususwa kwe-spasms of tract and traction cords;
- ukuthuthukiswa kokuphefumula;
- ukwehlisa izimpawu zesifo;
- ukujwayelekile kokushisa komzimba;
- ukupheka kwenqubo yokuvuvukala.
Ukukhwehlela kwamakhemikhali okukhwehlela izingane
Izithako :
- impande ye-elecampane ingu-100 g;
- izithelo ze-coriander - 100 g;
- amajikijolo namagxolo ommbila - 100 g;
- I-St John's Wort - 100 g;
- calendula izimbali - 100 g;
- washiya izinqamu - 100 g;
- amaqabunga eucalyptus - 100 g;
- I-Peppermint - 100 g;
- amanzi abilayo - 500ml.
Ukulungiselela, uhlelo lokusebenza
- Hlanganisa zonke izithako.
- Faka ku-thermos 2 tbsp. izinkezo zeqoqo.
- Uwathulule ngamanzi abilayo.
- Gcizelela amahora angu-8-10, ungahamba ubusuku.
- Nciphisa isisombululo.
- Nika ingane ingxenye yesithathu ye-infusion eklasini izikhathi 3-4 ngosuku.
Phuza ukuphatha i-pertussis
Izithako :
- ubisi - 1 ingilazi;
- i-garlic - ama-5 amakhemikhali;
- uju - 0,5 tsp.
Ukulungiselela, uhlelo lokusebenza
- Faka ikhasi likagalikhi, uthathe ama-cubes amancane.
- Ubilise ebisi imizuzu engu-3-5 (ngaphezu kokushisa okuphansi).
- Gwema ukuphuza, phuza uju.
- Nika umntwana isabelo esincane emini.
Umhluzi wezitshalo ezivela ezimpawu zokukhwehlela izingane
Izithako :
- amaqabunga endala - 1 tbsp. isipuni;
- amanzi - 1 ingilazi;
- cherry jamu - ukunambitha.
Ukulungiselela, uhlelo lokusebenza
- Thela utshani obomisiwe obunotshani obunotshani.
- Bambelela amahora amabili.
- Gwema umuthi.
- Phumula nge-jam (ozikhethela).
- Izingane zinikeza i-tbsp engu-1. spoon of the remedy imizuzu 20 ngaphambi kokudla, izikhathi 4 ngosuku.
I-Prophylaxis ye-pertussis
Indlela kuphela ephumelelayo yokuvimbela ukutheleleka i-vaccination ngesikhathi. Ukugonywa okujwayelekile okumelene nokukhwehlela ukukhwehlela kuyinto DTP . Ngaphezu kwalesi sifo, kusebenza njengokuvimbela i-diphtheria ne-tetanus. Umjovo wokuqala wenziwa ezinyangeni ezingu-3. I-Revaccination iqukethe izinqubo ezimbili ezengeziwe, isikhala phakathi kwemigomo ngamasonto ayisithupha. Ungashintsha i-DPT nezinye izidakamizwa:
- I-Tetrakok;
- Infanriks;
- Triazeliuvaks;
- I-Pentaxim;
- Tetraksim.