I-Wilms tumor

I-Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) iyisifo esibuhlungu esiyingozi, esivame kakhulu phakathi kwezingane ezineminyaka emibili kuya kweyishumi nanhlanu ubudala. Amacala angaphezu kuka-80% wezifo ezingokwemvelo ezinganeni ezenzeka ku-nephroblastoma. Ngokuvamile, izilonda ezisezinhlangothini zomlenze wezinso. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kubangelwa ukuphulwa kokwakheka kwezinso esikhathini sokubumbana.

I-Wilms i-tumor ezinganeni: ukuhlukaniswa

Kuphelele, kunezinyathelo eziyisihlanu zalesi sifo:

1. Lesi sifo singaphakathi kwesinye sezinso. Njengomthetho, ingane ayitholi ukukhathazeka futhi ayikhononda.
2. Isisu esingaphandle kwezinso, akukho metastasis.
3. I-tumor ihluma i-capsule yayo nezitho eziseduze. Ama-lymph nodes athintekile.
4. Kukhona izidakamizwa (isibindi, amaphaphu, amathambo).
5. Ukubandakanyeka kwamazinyo okubambisana nge-tumor.

I-Wilms tumor: izimpawu

Kuncike eminyakeni yobudala nengane yesifo, lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo ziyahlukaniswa:

• ubuthakathaka jikelele;
• umuzwa wokuphikisana;
• ukunciphisa ukudla;
• ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo;
• ukushisa komzimba okwandisiwe;
• isikhala sesikhumba;
• ukwanda kancane kwegazi;
• ekuhlolweni kwegazi kukhona ukwanda kwe-ESR nokuncipha kwensimbi;
• i-macrogematuria (igazi emcinini);
• kwezinye izimo kukhona ukuvimbela emathunjini ngenxa yokucindezeleka kwesisu somathumbu.

Futhi, phambi kobuhlungu bukaWilms, ukuziphatha kwengane kungashintsha.

Esikhathini esiphezulu sesifo, kungenzeka ukuhlola ngokucophelela isisu esiswini. Ingane ingakhononda ubuhlungu obubangelwa ukucindezelwa kwezitho ezingomakhelwane (isibindi, izicubu ze-retroperitoneal, i-diaphragm).

Ama-metastase amaningi asakazeka emaphashini, isibindi, izinso eziphikisanayo, ubuchopho. Ngenqwaba ye-metastase, ingane egulayo iqala ukulahlekelwa isisindo kanye namandla ngokushesha. Umphumela we-Lethal ungenziwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamaphalenda nokukhulelwa okukhulu komzimba.

I-Wilms tumor ingabuye ihambisane nezinye izifo ezithinta izifo ezifuywayo: izimo eziphuthumayo ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lwe-musculoskeletal, hypospadias, cryptorchidism, ectopia, izinso eziphindwe kabili, i-hemihypertrophy.

I-nephroblast yezinso ezinganeni: ukwelashwa

Ngokusola okuncane kakhulu kwe-neoplasm emgodini wesisu, udokotela ubeka isethi yenqubo yokuxilonga:

• Uzi zonke izitho nezinhlelo;
• urography;
• i-radiography;
• i-tomography ehlanganisiwe;
• i-renal arteriography;
• ukuskena kwe-radioisotope yokunquma imithi emzimbeni emntwaneni.

I-tumor iphathwa ngokuhlinzwa, ilandelwa yi-radiotherapy nemithi enamandla. Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kungasetshenziswa esikhathini esandulela futhi se-postoperative. Ukusetshenziswa okuphumelela kakhulu kwezinhlobo eziningana zemithi yamakhemikhali (i-vinblastine, i-doxirubicin, i-vincristine). Njengomthetho, ukwelashwa kwamafutha akusetshenziselwa ukuphatha izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili ubudala.

Uma kwenzeka ukubuyela emuva, i-chemotherapy enobudlova, ukwelashwa okuhlinzekwayo kanye ne-radiotherapy kwenziwa. Ingozi yokubuyela emuva ayikho ngaphezu kuka-20% kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isigaba sonyaka.

Uma lesi sifo singenakusebenza, isifundo se-chemotherapy sisetshenziselwa, kulandelwa ukuhlolwa kwezinso (nokususwa).

Ngokuya ngesiteji sesifo, ukuchasiswa okuhlukile: i-percentage yokuphumula ephezulu (90%) ibonakala esigabeni sokuqala, yesine - kufika ku-20%.

Umphumela wezokwelapha uphinde uthinteke eminyakeni yobudala lapho kutholakala isidumbu. Njengomthetho, izingane ziphila kuze kube unyaka owodwa kuma-80% amacala, futhi emva konyaka - ayikho ngaphezu kwengxenye yezingane.