Usuku nosuku, ukufika kuzo zonke iziphetho ezikhona kanye nezinkinga, sisebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokuqashelwa: ukubuka, ukuhlolwa, ukukhishwa, ukunqunywa, ukufaniswa, njll.
Indlela yokufakiswa nokukhishwa
Enhliziyweni yanoma yiluphi uhlobo locwaningo yizindlela ezithathayo ezithathayo. Ukukhipha (ngesiqondiso sesiLatini) kunguquko kusuka ekunye kuya ku-jikelele, futhi ukunqunywa (kusukela ekutholeni isiLatini) kuvela ku-jikelele kuya kokunye. Indlela yokwenza inductive iqala ngokuhlaziywa, ukuqhathaniswa kwedatha yokubuka, ukuphindaphinda okuvame ukuholela ekukhiqizeni okukhiqizayo. Le ndlela isebenza cishe kuzo zonke izigaba zomsebenzi. Isibonelo, ukucabanga kwenkantolo, ngesisekelo esinikezela isinqumo, kuyisibonelo esicacile sokucabangisisa, ngemuva kwakho konke, ngesisekelo samaqiniso amaningana asevele eyaziwayo, noma yikuphi ukuqagela kudalwe futhi uma wonke amaqiniso amasha ehlangabezana nokucabanga futhi kuyisiphumo salo, khona-ke lokhu kucabangela kuba yiqiniso.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokungeniswa:
- uma kungenakwenzeka ukuthatha wonke amacala - ukufakwa okunjalo kubizwa ngokuthi akuphelele;
- noma kunokwenzeka, okuyinto engavamile kakhulu - ephelele.
Ngaphezu kokuguqulwa okuvela ezizimele kuya ku-jikelele, ngaphezu kokungeniswa, kukhona ukufaniswa, isisekelo, izindlela zokusungula ubudlelwane be-causal, njalonjalo.
Kuyini ukwehliswa futhi yini indlela yokwehliswa esekelwe?
Ukunciphisa empilweni yethu kuyindlela ekhethekile yokucabanga, okuthi, ngokudonswa okunengqondo, isekelwe ekunikeziseni okuyimfihlo kusuka kokuvamile. Ngakho-ke, inkolelo yokudonswa yihlobo lokuhlukanisa okunengqondo, izixhumanisi zazo ezingahlanganiswa kahle futhi ziholela esiphethweni esingenakuphikwa.
Isibonelo, indlela yokwehliswa kwezibalo zokuthola iqiniso isetshenziswe ebufakazini bezinkomba ezenzweni zesayensi yemvelo: physics, mathematics, njll. Kodwa-ke, ukudonsa kunencazelo ebanzi, ngoba ukucabanga okucabangela ikhono lomuntu ukucabanga ngokulinganayo, futhi ekugcineni, ukuba afinyelele esiphethweni esingenakuphikwa. Ngenxa yalokho, ngaphezu komkhakha wesenzo sezesayensi, indlela yokucabanga okubalulekile iyasiza kakhulu, kufaka phakathi nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zomsebenzi.
Esikhathini sokusebenza kwengqondo, inkolelo yokudonswa kwemali ukuthuthukiswa nokuphulwa kwezahlulelo ezihlukahlukene ezithathwayo. Esikhathini sokuziphatha kwazo zonke izinqubo zengqondo, ukunyakaza kolwazi oluvela ngokwengeziwe kumuntu ongaphansi kakhulu kuhlaziywa ngesakhiwo senqubo yokucabanga njengamanye. I-Psychology isebenza ngokucwaninga kokudonswa, njengendlela yokucabangela komuntu ngamunye kanye nokwakheka kwayo ekuthuthukiseni ubuntu.
Ngokungangabazeki, isibonelo esihle kakhulu sokunqotshwa ukucabanga ngombhali owaziwa kakhulu uSherlock Holmes. Yena, ethatha isisekelo esivamile (ubugebengu kubo bonke ababambiqhaza kulo mcimbi), kancane kancane ukwakha izinyathelo ezinengqondo zokuziphatha, izisusa zokuziphatha, kudlulela ezizimele (kumuntu ngamunye nezenzakalo ezihlobene naye), ngaleyo ndlela zibeka icala noma ubumsulwa kulobu bugebengu. Ngokwehluleka okunengqondo, uveza lo mthetho-mthetho, unikeza ubufakazi obungenakuphikwa bokuthi unecala. Ngakho-ke, kungashiwo ukuthi ukudonsa kuyasiza kakhulu kubaphenyi, abaphenyi, abameli, njll.
Kodwa ukudonsa kuyasiza kunoma yimuphi umuntu okhonkolo, noma ngabe yini akwenzayo. Isibonelo, empilweni yansuku zonke, ikhuthaza ukuqonda kangcono abantu abakuzungezile, ukwakha ubuhlobo obudingekayo nabo; ekutadisheni - ngokusheshisa kakhulu nokunye okuningi ukuqonda kahle indaba efundwe; futhi emsebenzini - ukwenza izinqumo ezizwakalayo futhi ezinembile, kuyilapho ubala izenzo nezenzo zabasebenzi kanye nabathengi ngezinyathelo eziningana eziqhubekayo. Yingakho kufanele senze imizamo enkulu yokuthuthukisa le ndlela yokucabanga.