Ukusika izihlahla zamagilebhisi ngesikhathi esifanele kuyi-main agrotechnical device ekunakekeleni isitshalo samasiko yasendulo, esiza ukubeka isihlahla ngesimo esithile, sikhuthaze ukukhula kanye nokuhluma. Kuphela ngokufunda ukwenza kahle lolu msebenzi, ungathembela ekuvuneni okuhle kwamajikijolo amnandi.
Indlela yokunciphisa amagilebhisi?
Imithetho esemqoka yokusika izivini izakhiwa emkhatsini weminyaka eminyaka yokulima umvini owusizo, okwazi ukunakekelwa ukuletha umnikazi imali engenayo. Kuyadingeka ukwazi kahle izici ze-pasynkovaniya, izinkizi, ukunciphisa izinkuni zakudala. Amanxeba ajulile angalungile abangela ukuguqulwa kwamagatsha kanye nemikhono yonke, ukwehla okukhulu ekuvuneni.
Indlela yokusika amagilebhisi:
- Amahlumela wonyaka asinciphisa 2-3 cm ngaphezu kweso.
- I-cut is made with slope kusuka izinso, ukuze ijusi lingagcwalisi iso.
- Ungashiyi ama-stumps amakhulu, ahlasele futhi abangele ukulimala okungathandeki.
- Ukuphakama kokunqunywa komvini osasetshenziswa esiphambanweni kuya ku-10 cm.
- Lapho pasynkovanii sinquma eliphezulu o ocelus nge 5 mm.
- Sishiya amafindo okufaka endaweni engezansi komcibisholo we-fruiting.
- Uma kunesifo esibi sezinso, kuhle ukushiya amafindo okufaka endaweni, enwetshiwe kuze kube ngu-4 amehlo.
- Amafindo okufaka esikhundleni sokudubula okukodwa kuphela asele ekhanda elisha lokufaka esikhundleni, futhi emcibisholo ovuthiwe khetha umvini othela izithelo.
- Lapho iqhwa noma inombolo encane yemivini emaceleni amakhulu, ungasebenzisa iziqongo nezimpande ezimpande ukuze udale amahlumela.
Izinhlobo zokugubula amagilebhisi
Kudingeka ukuqonda ngokunembile izici zokusika izivini ukwenza kahle isihlahla noma ukuvuselela isitshalo esikhulile. Kumele kuqaphele izici ze-varietal, iminyaka yamahlathi, amandla okukhula ngalesi sigaba sokuthuthukiswa, isimo sezulu sendawo. Kukhona izinhlobo ezilandelayo eziyinhloko zokwehlisa:
- Ukufunda - kwenziwa ngokwemithetho eqinile, kuye ngokuthi indlela ekhethiwe. Lokhu kusebenza kubaluleke kakhulu esikhathini sokuqala sokuba khona kwehlathi kuze kube neminyaka engama-4.
- Ukusika izihlahla ngonyaka - ngosizo lwezinyathelo ze-agrotechnical ukubunjwa okhethiwe kugcinwa futhi ukusebenza kahle kwe-fruiting kuyakhuthazwa.
- Ukuvuselelwa kwezihlahla - kusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni zakudala, lapho kudingeke ukuba ususe izitshalo, izakhi ezomile nezingazalanga, ukufaka esikhundleni semikhono ephelele.
- Imisebenzi eluhlaza ehlobo - ukucwilisa amaqabunga nokukhipha amahlumela okudlula okhipha ama-juice abalulekile.
Izihlahla zokuqala zomvini
Ukwenza izihlahla zamagilebhisi ngonyaka wokuqala kuyisidingo esibalulekile esisiza ukuba singabhubhisi leli hlathini elincane elinamahlumela amancane futhi sikhule umvini onamandla. Siyikhiqiza ekwindla emva kokuphela kokutshala kwezimila nokukhula okukhula. Kunconywa ukuba ushiye amehlo angama-2 noma amathathu athuthukile, okwakhiwe ngaphezu kwesayithi lokugoma noma izinga lomhlabathi.
Ukudubula kwamagilebhisi ekwindla
Isikhathi esiphezulu lapho ukuvuna kwamagilebhisi ekwindla kukhiqizwa esifundeni esithile, kubalwa kuye ngokuthi kunjani isimo sezulu nesimo esivunyiwe. Lesi silinganiso se-agrotechnical endaweni encane yasekhaya lomvini welanga kuyinto elula kakhulu ukukhiqiza ngezigaba ezimbili:
- Ukuqothula izivini kuqala - kwenziwa ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba ngaphambi kwamaqhwa amabi. Kususwe umvini ohlaza ongabhaliwe, ongakwazi ukuthwala isitoreji sasebusika. Amahlumela abomvu avunyelwe ukuthinta.
- Izihlahla zokugcina - ziqala ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba ngaphambi kokufika kwemibhobho eqhubekayo. At -3 ° C nangaphansi, umvini ulahlekelwa ukuguquguquka kwawo nokuqhuma.
Ukudubula amagilebhisi ebusika
Ukusika izihlahla zamagilebhisi kunezinzuzo futhi kusetshenziswe endaweni yesitshalo sekhava. Umkhiqizo walo msebenzi ekwindla kunciphisa ukwabiwa kwama-molasses kanye nobungozi bamahlo abuhlungu, okutholakala ngokuqondile. Isihlahla esenziwe ngendlela ehlanganisiwe kulula ukumboza umhlaba. Izinzuzo zitholakalayo ngendlela ngayinye yokusika, ngakho-ke le nqubo ikhethwa ngokususelwa ekubaleni kwesayithi, kucabangela izici zayo.
Izinketho ze-Trim:
- Okufushane - ushiya igatsha lama-2-4.
- Isilinganiso - emcibisholo ushiye amehlo angu-8, esihlahleni sobukhulu obuphakathi - izinso ezifika ku-50.
- Ukuhluka nge-pruning ende - efanelekile kumagilebhisi ase-Asia, uma udinga ukuhamba okungenani izinso ezingu-15.
- Ukuhluka okuxubile okuxubile - ukuhlanganisa ukugoqa ngefoshi nomcibisholo wezithelo, kulula ukuvuselela umvini bese udala isihlahla.
Ukusika izihlahla zamagilebhisi
Ukusika izihlahla zamagilebhisi okwenziwe kahle kusentwasahlobo kuyinto elula emvelweni ongenawo amaphepha, ubuchwepheshe bomsebenzi buyenzeka ngokuya kwemithetho evunyelwe ngokuvamile. Imisebenzi yasentwasahlobo yenziwa emvinini ngaphambi kokuqala kokunyakaza komzimba, ukubambezeleka kusongelwa ukukhululwa kwe-sap, okwephuza ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba. Uma isikhathi esiphezulu siphuthelwa, sishintsha izihlahla ezivuthiwe zezithelo zamagilebhisi ngokuphuphuthekisa kwezinso, futhi sisebenzisa amagatsha angomile ukuze sisuswe.
Ukutshala amagilebhisi ehlobo
Umlimi-umlimi usebenza kusayithi kuyo yonke inkathi efudumele, ngokuqala kokukhula okusebenzayo okuya esikhathini sokuphalaza nokusebenza okuluhlaza. Lapho ukhathalela amagilebhisi ukusika izihlahla kanye nokunciphisa kubhekene nokwanda okusha, izingane zokutholwa, amachibi omkhumbi. Le ndlela isiza ekunciphiseni futhi ilulaze amahlumela, ukunciphisa ubungozi bokutheleleka kwefungal okungathandeki futhi okungenakwenzeka.
Izinhlobo zokusika izihlahla ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka:
- Isiqeshana somvini. Susa umvini owengeziwe, ovela ezintsheni ezisele ngemuva. Okokuqala, izingcezu zenziwa uma inzuzo i-5 cm ubude, ngokuphindaphindiwe - ngokubonakala kwe-inflorescences, uma kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa amahlumela angenasidingo oyinyumba.
- Ukuthinta iphoyinti. Kunconywa ukukhiqiza kusasa kwembali. Kufezwa ngokunciphisa ukukhula ngo-2-3 cm ngeminwe. Ukukhula kobukhulu obomvu kumiswa, i-inflorescence ye-inflorescence iyancipha.
- Pasynkovanie. Ukudubula nokushiya kwamashidi amabili kuncike ekukhuleni okungeziwe komyalelo wesibili.
- Chasing. Ukusebenza okusheshisa ukuvuthwa kwamagilebhisi kunciphisa ukudubula ngamasentimitha angu-30-40. Isikhathi sokugaya amahlathi okusabalala nokuphuza ahluke futhi sincike esifundeni sezulu. Ukushesha okucatshangelwe kulo msebenzi kuqinisa ukuzalwa kwezinsana zokubeletha kanye nokuhluma kwezinso zebusika.