Izindlela eziphumelelayo zethonya nokusiza zidinga ezindaweni ezahlukene zomphakathi: ezingeni likahulumeni, izinkampani, kanye nomuntu oyedwa. Ukugqugquzela yilapho ithuluzi elisiza ekubhekaneni nemigomo nemisebenzi ehlukene, ukuphuma kule nkinga bese uthumele umuntu noma iqembu labantu ukuba benze izinguquko ezintsha ngendlela efanele.
Ukugqugquzela - kuyini?
Isimo sokugqugquzela sihlanganisa umkhakha wethonya njengezinhlelo zeqembu, kanye nomuntu siqu. Ukugqugquzela ubuchwepheshe obungesiqondisi bokuqondisa kanye nokusiza okusetshenziselwa ekusebenziseni ngezikhali zayo ezingokwengqondo, amathuluzi namasu asebenzayo okusiza umuntu noma ohlangothini ukuba athole isisombululo esihle kakhulu ekufezeni imiphumela yemigomo ebekiwe.
Umgqugquzeli ngubani?
Ubuntu bomgqugquzeli uqobo luyinto enamandla yethonya. Umgqugquzeli ngumqeqeshi oqeqeshiwe ngokukhethekile kwezobuchwepheshe obusebenzayo futhi ehola inqubo yokusiza. I-International Association of Facilitators yasungulwa ngo-1989 futhi ihlanganisa ≈ abantu abangu-1 300 abavela emazweni angu-63 - bonke laba bangcweti ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, ukusiza izingxoxiswano nokubambisana ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. UTony Mann uyisazi ehamba phambili ekusizeni, unikezela ubuntu bomgqugquzeli ngamakhono alandelayo:
- angaqondisa futhi ahlele ingxoxo ngendlela efanele;
- ihlukanisa izixazululo eziphumelelayo ezibonakala sengathi, ekuboneni kokuqala, ziphumelele, kodwa zikhona "izigodi" ezifihlekile zezixazululo;
- kuthatha izingozi, akesabi ukushiya indawo yokududuza ukuze wakhe ubuchwepheshe obusha futhi uvumelane nesimo esifanelekayo samanje;
- uyakwazi ukuphatha izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaqembu;
- iqondisa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezingxoxo nemihlangano;
- ihlanganisa amathuluzi namasu ahlukahlukene ukuze athole izixazululo;
- ngokushesha uphendule ubunzima obuvele phakathi kwabahlanganyeli futhi uqalise inqubo yokunqoba;
- inokumelana nokucindezeleka ;
- ihlale ivulekile kubantu kanye nezinguquko zomuntu siqu.
Ukuhlelwa kanjani kuhluke ngokulinganisela?
Kunemibono ehlukene emibhalweni yokwenza lula nokulinganisela. Abanye ochwepheshe bathi ukugqugquzela nokulinganisela - okuyisisekelo kuyindlela efanayo, echaza ukuthi ukulinganisa kungumthombo wemvelaphi yaseJalimane, echaza imisebenzi efanayo nokusiza. Abanye ochwepheshe bokugqugquzela babheka lezi zinqubo njengezifanayo, zenezela, kodwa ngokwahlukana:
- Ukulinganisela (ukuvimbela, ukuvimbela) kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe: ukuhlelwa kwenzeka ngendlela ecacile yengxoxo, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwesinye isihloko.
- Ukugqugquzela ubuchwepheshe obuguquguqukayo obusebenzisa ukulinganisela njengenye yamathuluzi. Kule nqubo, amathuluzi ahlukahlukene abasizayo asetshenziselwa ukubona (ukubuka): Abaqambi be-Lego, ama-collages, imidwebo. Abahlanganyeli banenkululeko yokukhetha izihloko futhi bangahambisa futhi bahlanganyele ngezihloko ezihlukile kwamanye amaqembu.
- Ukulinganisela kungasetshenziswa njengobuchwepheshe ngesimo somhlangano: "ingxoxo yenkinga", umhlangano onhloko.
- Ukugqugquzela kufanelekile ekuxazululeni izimo eziphikisanayo, ukwamukela izixazululo ezintsha ezihlanganisiwe, ngenkathi usungula ubuchwepheshe obusha.
Ukuhlelwa komphakathi nokuvimbela
Izimo ezimbili zomphakathi ezihlukene, ukugqugquzela nokuvinjelwa, zingabonwa ngesikhathi esisodwa eqenjini labantu abazithola besesimweni esifanayo nezimo ezibonakala zifana. Ukuvinjelwa kubonisa ukuwohloka komsebenzi womuntu oye wangaphansi kokuqondiswa kwabantu abangaphandle, uma kuqhathaniswa nokwenza kube lula, lapho ukubonakala kwababukeli kubangela ukuqhutshwa komsebenzi phakathi kwamalungu eqembu abambe uhlobo oluthile lebhizinisi. Kungani lokhu kuvela, noma yini leyo mphumela, D. Myers (isazi sezengqondo saseMelika) uye wembula izizathu eziningana:
- I-mood - okubi ibangela umphumela wokuvimbela , okuhle kuqinisa ukusizwa.
- Ukwesaba ukuhlola - ukuba khona kwabantu abangabazi, noma labo abanombono wabo ongathandanga kungandisa injabulo kanye nomsebenzi wabanye ababambiqhaza, kodwa futhi kubangele ukuvimbela ukukhiqiza kwabanye.
- Abamele abanye besilisa ezithameli - abesifazane nabesilisa bangaqala ukwenza amaphutha emisebenzini eyinkimbinkimbi uma kukhona ababukeli bobulili obuhlukile ezilalelini. Esimweni sokusiza, izinqubo zomsebenzi ziyathuthukisa ngokuphambene nalokho.
Ukuhlelwa kwezenhlalakahle nobuvila
Umphumela wokwenza umsebenzi wokwenyuka okuhlangene, uma ingxenye yomnikelo womhlanganyeli ngamunye ibonakala futhi ihlolwe ngesizathu esivamile. Ubuvila bezenhlalakahle yinto eqale yafundwa nguprofesa waseFrance emkhakheni wezokulimala uMnu Ringelman. Usosayensi wenza ucwaningo oluningana ekudambiseni impi nokuphakamisa izisindo ezinzima - weza esiphethweni: uma kukhona iqembu labantu, umzamo omncane wenziwa yilungu ngalinye leqembu. Kukhona ukuphumula nokunciphisa emithwalweni kanye nesisusa - umphumela wobuvila.
Izinhlobo zokugqugquzela
Ukugqugquzela njengendlela yokusiza kudingekile ezinhlokweni eziningi zomsebenzi wabantu futhi kwahlukaniswa ngezilwane:
- Ukuhlelwa komphakathi ukuhlolisisa nokucwaninga kwemisebenzi yabantu phambi kwabangaphandle.
- Ukugqugquzela kwengqondo kuyindlela eyavela ezindaweni ezinjenge-K. Rogers-psychotherapy eneklayenti kanye ne-psychology enhle. Ukugqugquzelwa kwengqondo kuyindlela yokuguquguquka, lapho ubudlelwane phakathi komuntu nezwe kubaluleke kakhulu. Amakhono okusiza emsebenzini we-psychologist asize ekunqumeni ukuthi uzoqala nini inqubo yokushintsha komuntu ngamunye, ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa nokushintsha umbono womthengi wezwe ukuze ube usizo.
- I-Ecofascilation ukuxhumana nokuxhumana komuntu onemvelo .
- Ukugqugquzelwa kwezemidlalo - ukusekela amaqembu noma abadlali abathile ukuze bathuthukise ukusebenza kwabo.
- Ukugqugquzela ukufundisa - ukudalulwa kwamakhono wengane.
Imithetho Yokugqugquzela
Ukugqugquzela emisebenzini yomsebenzi kanye nomuntu siqu kubonisa ukusetshenziswa kwezimiso ezisekelwe emigomweni nezinhloso. Imithetho ejwayelekile yomqondisi:
- ukutadisha inqubo ngokungahambisani nesimo sencazelo;
- ukuvuleka nokuthembeka kubantu;
- bonke ababambiqhaza kule nqubo balingana;
- yonke imibono ibalulekile;
- bonke abantu bahlakaniphile, futhi bangakwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokuphumelelayo.
Izindlela zokugqugquzela
Amathuluzi okugqugquzela amaningi futhi isicelo sabo sincike ngobukhulu beqembu kanye nokwakhiwa kwabahlanganyeli. Amasu ayisisekelo okusiza:
- "Usesho Lwekusasa" - inzuzo yendlela ukuthi kusiza ukufaka yonke inkampani emsebenzini kuze kufike abasebenzi abajwayelekile. It is in the format of a conference conference.
- "Iya ngaphesheya / Phuma" - le nqubo inikeza ukuphumelela okusheshayo kwenkampani, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha, isiko. Kuthatha - inkhulumomphendvulwano evuliwe yabaphathi nabasebenzi ngezinhloso nezinhloso. Ukusebenzisa imikhuba emihle ekusebenzeni.
- "Ukubumbana" - kukhona iqoqo layo yonke imibono ngaphandle kokuhlunga "kokubi" nokuthi "kuhle." Umgomo ukuthola izixazululo "ezintsha", ezingezansi, kodwa eziphumelelayo.
- "Ukwehliswa kwemibono" kuyindlela esiza ukucacisa isimo esingaba nesimo sokucabanga esingenakwenzeka. Umgqugquzeli uhlukanisa abahlanganyeli abe "abanethemba" kanye "nabacindezeli". "Abathengi" bachaza lokho inkampani ezoyithola kusukela ekusungulweni kobuchwepheshe obusha, "izidakamizwa" zibikezela ukulahlekelwa okulindelekile.
- "Isikhala Esivulekile" - sivumela isikhathi esifushane (1.5 - 2 amahora) ukuqoqa yonke imibono nemibono etholakalayo. Abasebenzi babuzwa imibuzo eminingi ngezihloko. Inkulu enkulu yezobuchwepheshe ngumqondo wokubandakanyeka komsebenzi ngamunye ezinkambeni ezenzeka enkampanini.
Ukugqugquzela kuPedagogy
Umphumela wokuhlelwa kwezenhlalakahle kubonakala ngokucacile ezikoleni zemfundo. Umfundisi-umfundisi, njengoba umuntu ephendula zonke izidingo zanamuhla nemibono yokwakheka - ngakho uK.K Rogers ucabange. Isimo sokusiza emsebenzini womfundisi sichazwa ngamaphuzu alandelayo:
- isimo sokusekelwa kwengqondo komfundi;
- intshisekelo ngezidingo kanye nezidingo zabafundi;
- inqubo ehlelekile yokufundisa;
- ukuqonda izwe langaphakathi lezingane;
- ikhono lokuveza okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo obala.
Ukugqugquzela ebhizinisini
Isimo sokugqugquzela umphakathi sisebenzisana ngentshiseko ngabagqugquzeli ekuqhubeni imihlangano, izinkomfa, izintambo eziyindilinga ezinkampanini nasezinkampanini. Ukugqugquzela ebhizinisini kunezici ezinhle:
- ukwandisa ukusebenza kwabasebenzi;
- Ukwandisa izisusa zabasebenzi;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwekhono lobuhlakani labasebenzi;
- ukudala isikhala esiphephile kwengqondo;
- ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe obusha ebhizinisini.
Ukugqugquzela ezemidlalo
Isimiso sokugqugquzela ezemidlalo yezemidlalo sisekelwe ezimweni lapho umdlali noma ithimba elingaphansi kokubheka inani elikhulu labantu. Umgomo womqeqeshi ukuqinisa nokusekela zonke izinguquko ezinhle ezizoholela abagijimi ezinkomba ezinhle kakhulu futhi ukunciphisa ingozi yokuvimbela. Ukugqugquzela ezemidlalo kuhloswe:
- ukufunda ukudlala eqenjini;
- ukuqinisa umoya weqembu;
- isisusa esikhulu nesimfanelo somphumela;
- ukusebenzisana okuphumelelayo phakathi komqeqeshi nabagijimi.
Ukugqugquzela - izincwadi
Ukugqugquzela ubuchwepheshe obudingekayo ezweni lanamuhla eliqukethe amathuluzi awusizo kwabangokwengqondo, othisha kanye nabaphathi bezinkampani. Izincwadi ekuhlelweni:
- "Ubuhlobo bomphakathi ekugqugquzelweni kokufundisa" K.R. Rogers. Ubani umgqugquzeli wokufundisa - i-monograph, ewusizo ekufundeni othisha.
- "Ukuguqula izingxoxo" Fl. Funch . Izindlela ezilula, kodwa eziphumelelayo zokuguqulwa komuntu siqu.
- " Amamojula okucubungula okujwayelekile" Fl. Funch . Le ncwadi ichaza izindlela ezikusiza ukuthi uqalise inqubo yezinguquko kusuka kuklayenti.
- "Ngingayithola kanjani igolide, ngisebenza namaqembu." Ukugqugquzela ekusebenzeni "T. Kaiser . Izindlela ezichazwe kumhlahlandlela zizosiza umqeqeshi webhizinisi ukuthi alethe iqembu libe yizinga eliphumelelayo elisha.
- "Psychological Social" D. Myers . I-scientific treatise, ngendlela efinyeleleka, echaza izenzakalo zomphakathi nezenzakalo: ukusiza, ukuvimbela nokunyakaza.