Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR yezifo

I-PCR, noma ngenye indlela i-polymerase chain reaction, iyindlela yokuxilongwa kwe-laboratory yezifo ezihlukahlukene ezithathelwanayo.

Le ndlela yasungulwa nguCary Muillis emuva ngo-1983. Ekuqaleni, i-PCR yayisetshenziselwa izinhloso zesayensi kuphela, kepha emva kwesikhathi yafakwa emkhakheni wezokwelapha ezisebenzayo.

Okuyinhloko yendlela ukukhomba i-agent causative yokutheleleka ku-DNA ne-RNA fragments. Ku-pathogen ngayinye, kune-fragment ye-DNA ebhekisela ekudaleni inombolo enkulu yamakhophi ayo. Iqhathaniswa nedatha ekhona equkethe ulwazi ngesakhiwo se-DNA yezinhlobo ezahlukene zezincane ezincane.

Ngosizo lwe-polymerase chain reaction, akunakwenzeka ukubona kuphela ukutheleleka, kepha futhi ukunikeza ukuhlolwa okulinganiselwe.

Isetshenziswa nini i-PCR?

Ukuhlaziywa kwezinto eziphilayo, okwenziwe ngosizo lwe-PCR, kusiza ukuthola izifo ezihlukene ze-urogenital, kufaka phakathi okufihlekile, okungazibonakali njengempawu ezikhethekile.

Le ndlela yokucwaninga ivumela ukuthi sibone izifo ezilandelayo kubantu:

• i-herpes simplex virus yezo zombili izinhlobo;
• Ukutheleleka nge-HIV;
• gardnerellez ;
• i-chlamydia;
• ureaplasmosis;
• I-Candidiasis;
• i-mycoplasmosis;
• i-trichomoniasis;
• ukutheleleka kwe-papillomavirus ;
• kanye ne-hepatitis B no-C, isifo sofuba, i-Helicobacteriosis, i-mononucleosis esithathelwanayo.

Lapho ulungiselela futhi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, owesifazane kufanele abelwe i-PCR ukuxilongwa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene zocansi.

Izinto eziphilayo eziphathelene nokucwaninga kwe-PCR

Ukuthola izifo nge-PCR, okulandelayo kungasetshenziswa:

• umchamo, i-swab evela emgodini wesibeletho somlomo wesibeletho (kwabesifazane), i-swab evela e-urethra, izicathulo ezivela emzimbeni wobulili - ukuhlolwa kwezifo zobulili;
• igazi - ucwaningo mayelana nokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kanye nesifo sofuba se-C;
• A smear kusuka emqaleni - ukuphenya mononucleosis ezithathelwanayo.

Izinzuzo nezimo zokuhlola izifo ze-PCR

Ukufaneleka kokuhlaziywa kokutheleleka, okwenziwa yindlela ye-PCR kuhlanganisa:

1. I-Universality - uma ezinye izindlela zokuxilonga zingenamandla, i-PCR ithola noma iyiphi i-RNA ne-DNA.
2. Okucacile. Esifundweni sokutadisha, le ndlela iveza ukulandelana kwe-nucleotides ejwayelekile ye-pathogen ethile yokutheleleka. I-Polymerase chain reaction yenza kube lula ukukhomba izifo eziningana ezihlukahlukene ezibonakalayo.
3. Ukuzwela. Ukutheleleka uma usebenzisa le ndlela kuyatholakala, noma ngabe okuqukethwe kwayo kuphansi kakhulu.
4. Ukusebenza kahle. Ukuthola i-agent causative yokutheleleka kuthatha isikhathi esincane - amahora ambalwa kuphela.
5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusabela kwe-polymerase chain kusiza ukubona ukuthi ukusabela komzimba womuntu kungena kanjani kuwo ama-pathogenic microorganms, kodwa i-pathogen ethile. Ngenxa yalokhu, kungenzeka ukuthola isifo sesiguli ngaphambi kokuthi siqale ukuzibonakalisa ngezimpawu ezithile.

I "minuses" yale ndlela yokuxilonga ihlanganisa isidingo sokunamathela ngokuqinile ezimfuno zokusiza amakamelo okubhubhisa amahlumela ahlanzekile, ukuze ukungcola kwezinye izinto eziphilayo ezithathwe ukuhlaziywa kwezinto eziphilayo kungenzeki.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlaziywa okwenziwa yi-PCR kunganikeza umphumela omubi ekuboneni kwezimpawu ezicacile zesifo esithile. Lokhu kungabonisa ukungahambisani nemithetho yokuqoqwa kwezinto eziphilayo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umphumela omuhle wokuhlaziywa akuyona njalo inkomba yokuthi isiguli sinesifo esithile. Ngakho, isibonelo, emva kokwelashwa, i-agent efile isikhathi esithile inikeza imiphumela emihle yokuhlaziywa kwe-PCR.