Ukutheleleka nge-HIV - konke okudingayo ukwazi ngegciwane nokuvimbela kwalo

Ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza yisifo segciwane esinciphisa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, okuholela ekuthuthukiseni izicubu kanye nokutheleleka kwesibili. Uma lesi sifo singelashwa, cishe eminyakeni engu-9 kuya ku-11 emva kokuba igciwane lingena emzimbeni, ukufa kwenzeka. Ukwelashwa kwenza kube lula nokwandisa impilo yomuntu onegciwane eminyakeni engama-70 kuya kwengu-80.

I-HIV - iyini?

I-virus immunodeficiency virus ithinta amasosha omzimba. Lesi sifo siqhubeka kancane. Ukubuthakathaka komzimba ukuzivikela kuba, njalo isiguli sigula. Abaningi abanesandulela bahlakulela izicubu ezinhle futhi ezimbi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuzivikela komzimba kuba buthakathaka kangangokuthi ngisho nokushisa okuncane kungabangela ukufa. I-virus yokuzivivinya umzimba ihlasela abantu kuphela. Imizamo yokuthelela izilwane ayiphumelelanga - izilwane zaphulukiswa ngokushesha.

Ukusakazeka kwe-HIV

Namuhla, i-immunodeficiency virus ibhekwa njengenye yezifo eziqhubekayo eziqhubekayo. Kakade ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980, izibalo zenza umphakathi wesabeka: emazweni ayingxenye ye-World Health Organization, abantu abangaba ngu-120 000 abanesandulela ngculazi (uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwe-HIV) kanye nabangu-100 000 abanesandulela ngculazi bathola. Into ebuhlungu kunazo zonke ukuthi empeleni izinkomba ziphakeme kakhulu, ngoba iziguli eziningi aziqageli ngokuzihlolisisa kwazo futhi azibhaliswanga.

Ukuthi i-HIV ibonakala kanjani ngendalo ngayinye ixhomeke kwizici zayo ze-geno- ne-phenotypic. Ngenxa yalokhu, kubonakala ukuthi ezinye iziguli "zishisa" lesi sifo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kuyilapho abanye bephila ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi iminyaka eminingi, bazizwa bekhululekile futhi abazi ngisho nezinkinga zabo. Ngokwezibalo, abameli beNigroid umjaho we-HIV banomthelela kakhulu. Abantu baseYurophu abanandaba kakhulu negciwane, futhi iningi "eliphikisanayo" yiMongoloids.

Amazwe lapho ukutheleleka nge-HIV kusakazeka kakhulu kakhulu, kubukeka kanje:

• IBrazil;
• IHaiti;
• I-United States;
• I-Turkey;
• I-Indonesia;
• I-Bangladesh;
• I-Pakistan;
• IMexico;
• IBrithani.

I-HIV idluliselwa kanjani?

Ukuze ukwazi ukuzivikela egazini le-immunodeficiency virus, udinga ukwazi izindlela ezisemqoka zokutheleleka nge-HIV. Umthombo walo ngumuntu onegciwane. Ingozi iphinde ihlinzekwe yizo ziguli, ezitholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zegciwane lesikhathi sokufakwa kwenkampani. Amathuba aphezulu kakhulu ekudluliseni i-HIV ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokutshala. Kulo mzuzu, ukuhlushwa kwegciwane kuyinhloko.

Ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kungangena kuwo wonke ama-biological fluids - igazi, umuthi, umquba, ukuvimba okwesifazane, izinyembezi, ukuthuthumela, ubisi lwebele, umchamo, utshwala - kodwa ukuhlushwa kwalo kuhlukile, futhi lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukubhekwa kwe-epidemiological. Ukudluliselwa kwe-HIV kufanele kwenzeke ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Igciwane kumele liphume emzimbeni othelelekile ngendlela engokwemvelo futhi lingene emvelweni wangaphakathi wezempilo.

Izindlela zokudlulisela i-HIV zihlukile:

• ucansi;
• umjovo;
• ukudluliselwa;
• ukufakelwa kabusha;
• i-transplacental.

Ngokuyinhloko, igciwane liyadluliselwa ngoxhumana nabo ngokocansi. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi abantu abanegciwane lesidakamizwa kanye nemfihlo yokugoma banesisindo esikhulu sokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi. Ngokwezibalo, izifo ezingu-86% zitholakala oxhumana nabo ngokocansi, okungu-71% abangabesilisa ocansini, kanti u-15% bangqingili. Enye indlela yokudlulisela igciwane yi-perinatal. Emzimbeni wengane, i-HIV ingangena ngaphakathi esibelethweni noma emva kokubeletha - nobisi lwebele.

Isikhathi sokufakwa kwe-HIV

Emzimbeni ngamunye igciwane liqala ngendlela yalo. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokukhulelwa kwesandulela-ngculazi sihlala singaqiniseki. Izimpawu zesifo zingabonakala njengamaviki ambalwa, futhi emva kweminyaka emva kokutheleleka. Esikhathini sokuqala sezinkathi zokufakelwa, ama-antibodies akhethekile akhiwa egazini. Ukuze kutholakale ngesikhathi sokuhlola i-laboratory, okungenani amasonto amathathu kufanele adlule kusukela ngesikhathi sokutheleleka okungenzeka.

Ukutheleleka nge-HIV - izimpawu

Ezimweni eziningi, lesi sifo siqala ngokuvumelana nesimiso esijwayelekile. Kunezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko zokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza: okuphikisanayo futhi okulindelekile. Ngokushesha ngemva kokutheleleka, izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo zivela, ezingase zidideke kalula nezibonakaliso zomkhuhlane noma ezibandayo: ukushisa kwezinga lokushisa, umphimbo uqala ukulimaza, i -lymph nodes yanda . Iziguli eziningi ezinegciwane lengculazi azihlanganisi konke lokhu, ngoba ngemva kwamasonto amabili ukubonakala kwesandulela-ngculazi kuyaphela, futhi lesi sifo sidlulela esigabeni sesibili.

"Fihla" igciwane le-immunodeficiency emzimbeni lingasuka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuya emashumini ambalwa eminyaka. Ngemuva kokuphela kwesigaba sokugcina, iziguli zihlakulela izifo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nezifo ezingokwemvelo. Izimpawu ze-HIV nazo zibonakala. Phakathi kwalezi zinsuku:

• ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esibukhali;
• ikhanda njalo;
• amakhaza angapheli;
• ukuhlaselwa njalo kwesifo sohudo;
• ubuhlungu esifubeni;
• izifo zamaphaphu;
• ukuwa kombono;
• izifo zamazinyo;
• ukucindezeleka nokunganakwa.

Ukutheleleka nge-HIV - izimpawu kubesifazane

Ngokwesigaba sokuqala sesi sifo, abesifazane babonakala ngezibonakaliso zokutheleleka nge-HIV eziqhubekayo ukuya kwamasonto amabili:

• umkhuhlane;
• ihamba emzimbeni;
• ukukhathazeka emqaleni;
• ukuphathwa ikhanda njalo;
• isicasuli;
• ukukhathala okuqhubekayo;
• ukwandisa i-lymph nodes;
• ukubonakala kwezilonda emgodini womlomo;
• ubuhlungu emisipha kanye namalungu;
• izifo ezihlukahlukene zemvubelo.

Lapho igciwane lesigciwane lesandulela ngculaza lidlulela esigabeni esibi kakhulu - i- AIDS , izimpawu ezilandelayo zivela:

• ukukhathala;
• ukugxeka okuqhubekayo kuhambisane nokuhuda;
• ukuguguleka komhlabathi;
• ukushisa kwe-periodic periodic;
• ukukhwehlela owomile;
• ukuwohloka, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kwememori;
• ukudideka kokwazi;
• ukuvuvukala kwezitho zomzimba.

Ukutheleleka nge-HIV - izimpawu kumadoda

Izimpawu zesifo ezinhlobonhlobo zezocansi ezinamandla ezivela ezinkomba zesifazane ziyahlukahluka kancane. Ukubonakaliswa kokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kumadoda kanje: kakade ngosuku lweshumi nanhlanu emva kokutheleleka, ukuqhuma kwenzeka emzimbeni wesiguli. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, i-lymph nodes e-groin, izibopho kanye nentamo zikhuliswa. Izindwangu ziba nzima, kodwa aziletheli ubuhlungu kubo. Iningi leziguli ezinegciwane lesandulela ngculaza likhononda ngokukhathala okukhulu, ukulahlekelwa ukudla okunomsoco, ukungabi nandaba nokusebenza kanye nesifiso sokulala.

Izigaba ze-AIDS zibhekene nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• umkhuhlane;
• ukukhwehlela okungapheli;
• isifo sohudo;
• ukuhlanza;
• ama-spasms esiswini;
• ukushisa okungenakwenziwa phansi;
• ukwehla okubukhali kwesisindo somzimba;
• ukukhathazeka;
• ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo okuyingxenye.

Ukuthola ukutheleleka nge-HIV

Indlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokunquma i-HIV i-ELISA, i- enzyme immunoassay . Ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuhlola ezikhethekile, ezisebenzisa amaprotheni ayenziwe ngamagciwane we-immunodeficiency virus, kungenzeka ukuthi unqume ukuthi imishanguzo iphikisana nezinambuzane ezincane ze-pathogenic egazini. Ukuxilongwa kwamanje kwe-HIV kungathola ukutheleleka phakathi kwamasonto amathathu kuya ku-5 ngemuva kokutheleleka.

Ukwelashwa kokutheleleka nge-HIV

Ukwelapha kwe-immunodeficiency virus kuyinto inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuyadingeka ukuyifinyelela kakhulu ngokuziphendulela. Ukutheleleka nge-HIV akusabhekwa njengomusho. Imithi iyazi izimo eziningi zokwelashwa okuphumelelayo. Okuphumelela kakhulu yi-therapy ye-antiretroviral, enezinhloso ezilandelayo:

1. Misa ukuphindaphinda kwegciwane futhi unciphise umthamo wegciwane. Okusho ukuthi, yenza kanjalo ukuthi i-HIV emzimbeni ayinqunyiwe.
2. Buyisela ukuzivikela. Ngemuva kokunciphisa umthamo wegciwane, umzimba ungathuthukisa kancane kancane inani le-CD4 lymphocytes elihlinzeka ngokuphendula okwanele kwamasosha omzimba.
3. Ukwandisa ubude kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila kwesiguli. Ukuqala ngesikhathi, ukwelashwa okulungile kusindisa i-HIV kuzo zonke izimpawu zesifo.

Ukwelashwa kokutheleleka nge-HIV - izidakamizwa

Imithi yokuvimbela i-anti-virus ilawula ukuphindaphinda futhi iphuthukise ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezihlobene negciwane. Ezimweni eziningi, abantu abane-HIV bathola izincomo zokuthatha imithi enjalo:

• I-Nevirapine;
• I-Ritonavir;
• I-Cytovudin;
• I-Tenofovir;
• I-Etravirine;
• I-Delavirdine;
• IMaraviroc;
• I-Tipranavir;
• Abacavir;
• Lamivudine;
• I-Nelfinavir;
• Fozamprenavir.

Ukwelashwa kwe-HIV namakhambi abantu ekhaya

I-virus yokuzivivinya umzimba igxila ngezindlela ezingavumelani nazo, kodwa emva kokubonisana nodokotela. Abahlengikazi batusa i-HIV ukuthi baphenduke ekudleni kokudla kwemifino ephezulu. Ukudla ama-pistachios amaningi, ama-oats, ama-pine nati, ama-jus, ukunikela ngosawoti, ushukela, inyama izitsha. Ewusizo kubantu abathintekayo ukumnika kwamakhemikhali. I-Astragalus, izimpande zezintaba zezinyoni, i-violet, i-poplar efihlekile, izimpande ze-licorice zixutshwe ngobuningi obulinganayo, zithelelwe ngamanzi abilayo futhi zingene amahora amathathu. Phuza ukumnika kufanele kube ngaphambi kokudla isigamu sendebe.

I-virus immunodeficiency virus - ukuvimbela

Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nje, uma wazi futhi ugcine imithetho eminingana ebalulekile:

1. Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nge-HIV kuhilela ukulahlwa ngokocansi.
2. Ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuba uhlolwe ukuba khona kwegciwane emzimbeni.
3. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza nazo zihlanganisa nokwenqaba izidakamizwa.